考研考博-英语-山东商业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东商业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

问题1选项

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项accomplice“同谋者；共犯”，指在犯罪行为中帮助另一个人；B选项collaborator“合作者；协作者；合著者”，指在做好事中帮助另一个人；C选项confederate“同盟国，同盟者；帮凶；美国南部邦联支持者”，常指国家或政府层面的结盟；D选项cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，属于澳洲俚语。句意：他声称，如果他能找到一位______来处理不太重要的部分，他将编写一部英语杰作。此处填“合著者”一词更符合句意，所以B选项正确。

2.单选题

Fredtriedtogettothedoorbutthetablewas（

）.

问题1选项

A.inaway

B.ontheway

C.intheway

D.bytheway

【答案】C

【解析】句意:Fred打算到门口去，但桌子挡住了路。

考查短语辨析。inaway在某种程度上;ontheway在…途中;intheway妨碍,挡道;bytheway附带说一句。故C符合句意。

3.单选题

Manyproducts,includingprescriptiondrugs,areregulatedbythefederalgovernment.However,thestateshavelawsthatallowinjuredconsumerstosueamanufacturer.

问题1选项

A.complain

B.charge

C.execute

D.punish

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.complain埋怨，发牢骚B.charge控告，起诉

C.execute（尤指依法）处决；实行，执行D.punish对……判罪

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】sue的意思为“控告，提起诉讼”，这里指各州的法律允许消费者起诉制造商，charge的词义与之相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】许多产品，包括处方药，都由联邦政府监管。然而，各州的法律允许权益受到侵害的消费者起诉制造商。

4.单选题

Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife（1）commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumansseemverymuchthesame.

However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:（2）itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.（3）toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody―wearenotan（4）animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,（5）hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmenttohelpustogetit.Inthepurelyphysical（6）ourspeciesseemsapoor（7）forsurvival.

Butwehavesurvived-survivedandmultipliedand（8）theearth.Somedaywewillhavea（9）livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.（10）itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant（11）Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan（12）objectswithaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother（13）.Mostimportantly,wehavealargebrainwithanalmost（14）numberofneural（15）.

Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,wesupplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed（16）clothing,shelter,and（17）heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand（18）deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupplynecessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.

Itwasnotalways（19）.Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno（20）andlackedthephysicalcapacitytouseit.

问题1选项

A.processes

B.acts

C.modes

D.procedures

问题2选项

A.On

B.With

C.For

D.By

问题3选项

A.Stripped

B.Pared

C.Peeled

D.Removed

问题4选项

A.intelligent

B.impressive

C.influential

D.incentive

问题5选项

A.barely

B.hardly

C.nearly

D.scarcely

问题6选项

A.meaning

B.judgment

C.perspective

D.sense

问题7选项

A.bet

B.chance

C.fact

D.luck

问题8选项

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.scattered

问题9选项

A.residence

B.colony

C.home

D.empire

问题10选项

A.Apartfrom

B.Withregardto

C.Withtheexceptionof

D.Inspiteof

问题11选项

A.abilities

B.potentials

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题12选项

A.maneuver

B.manage

C.manipulate

D.manufacture

问题13选项

A.animal

B.animals

C.creatures

D.creature44.

问题14选项

A.infinite

B.unknown

C.boundless

D.ceaseless

问题15选项

A.connections

B.relations

C.activities

D.accesses

问题16选项

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.by

问题17选项

A.artificial

B.fake

C.unreal

D.unauthentic

问题18选项

A.addup

B.breakup

C.makeup

D.cutup

问题19选项

A.this

B.thus

C.hence

D.that

问题20选项

A.intellect

B.equipment

C.competence

D.culture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。process“过程；进行；步骤”；act“行动；法令，法案；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕”；mode“模式；方式；风格”；procedure“程序；手续；步骤”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们呼吸、进食、消化和重现生命过程的这些模式与动物非常像。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查固定搭配。byitself“独自”。选项D符合题意。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。strip“剥夺；剥去”；pare“消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）”；peel“剥落；削”；remove“移动；迁移”。空格处所在句子的句意是：脱掉我们的衣服，露出赤裸的人类身体，我们不再是给人印象深刻的一种动物。选项A符合题意。

（4）考查形容词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。

（5）考查副词词义辨析。barely“仅仅”；hardly“几乎不”；nearly“几乎；密切地”；scarcely“几乎不”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我们是一种热情的生物，身上几乎没有毛，对冷很敏感。选项C符合题意。

（6）考查固定搭配。inthesense“从这种意义上来说”。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查名词词义辨析。bet“打赌，赌注”；chance“机会”；fact“事实”；luck“运气”。空格处所在句子的句意是：从物体的意义上来说，我们这个物种在生存上似乎不是一个好的赌注。选项A符合题意。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。fill“装满；充满；挤满”；load“使担负”；stuff“塞满；填塞”；scatter“使散开；使散播”。空格处所在句子的句意是：当时我们生存下来了，数量不断增加，并且挤满在世界的各个地方。选项A符合题意。

（9）考查逻辑关系。文章倒数第二段提到oureventualmooncolony“我们最后的月球聚居地”。所以选项B符合题意。

（10）考查介词词组辨析。apartfrom“除······之外”；withregardto“关于，至于”；withtheexceptionof“除了······之外”；inspiteof“尽管”。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管我们的身体有很多局限，但是我们的身体设备有很多的潜能。选项D符合题意。

（11）考查名词词义辨析。ability“能力”；potential“潜能”；capability“才能，能力”；possibility“可能性”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第40题，选项B符合题意。

（12）考查动词词义辨析。maneuver“机动；演习”；manage“管理；经营”；manipulate“操纵；操作”；manufacture“制造；加工；捏造”。空格处句子所在句意：我们有着极好的视力和一双能精确使用物体上的双手，这是其他动物无法相比的。选项C符合题意。

（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第42题。根据空格前的anyother可知空格处需要填入一个可数名词的单数形式，选项A符合题意。

（14）考查形容词词义辨析。infinite“无限的，无穷的”；unknown“未知的；不出名的”；boundless“无限的，无边无际的”；ceaseless“不断的；不停的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：更重要的是，我们拥有几乎无限数量神经连接的大脑。选项A符合题意。

（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意参考第44题。选项A符合题意。

（16）考查介词辨析。for“为了；因为；给”；to“到；向”；with“用；随着；和······在一起”；by“通过；被；经由”。空格处所在句子的句意是：如果我们居住在北极区，我们通过衣服、遮盖物和人造的取暖设备来供应我们热带身体所需的保暖。可知空格处需要填的介词有“通过”的意思，选项D符合题意。

（17）考查形容词词义辨析。artificial“人造的；仿造的；虚伪的”；fake“伪造的”；unreal“不真实的；假的”；unauthentic“不确实的；不真实的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第46题，选项A符合题意。

（18）考查动词词组辨析。addup“合计；加起来”；breakup“打碎；结束”；makeup“组成；补足；编造”；cutup“切碎”。___deficits(差额)与“bytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces”(通过从远方运送补给)可知对应的是“补足差额”。选项C符合题意。

（19）考查固定搭配。Itwasnotalwaysthus/thatway“事情也不总是那样”。选项B符合题意。

（20）考查名词词义辨析。intellect“智力；知识分子”；equipment“设备，装备；器材”；competence“胜任；能力”；culture“文化”。文章倒数第二段提到“我们人类用身体设备，比如手和大脑等创造了对我们生存和成功至关重要的文化”，而最后一段提到我们的祖先不会使用这些设备，可以推断是缺乏相应的文化。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们没有文化，也缺乏使用自身身体设备的能力。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thenewly-builtapartmentiswell______.

问题1选项

A.ventilated

B.meditated

C.irritated

D.evaluated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ventilate“使通风，给……装通风设备”，B项meditate“考虑，计划，企图”，C项irritate“刺激，使兴奋，激怒”，D项evaluate“评价，估价”。由主语newly-builtapartment（新建的公寓）可知，空格处填入“通风”符合语境。句意：这座新建的公寓通风良好。因此，该题选择A项。

6.单选题

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.

Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfromtheUnitedStates,includingfundingfromtheMacArthurFoundation,theRockefellerBrothersFund,andtheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment.TheTrustforMutualUnderstandingandtheWeedierFoundationarealsosupportingtheInternationalCraneFoundation'sworkincreatingthepark.

TheWorldBankisfundingasmallprojecttostudythepossibilitiesforecotourismintheAinubasinregion.DeltaDreamVacations,aDeltaAirlinessubsidiary,islookingintoflightstoKhabarovskandVladivostokforecologytours,withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.

ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.

Theysaid,"Giveustheirmoney,andwe'lldoitbetter,"Smirenskisays.Theywenttothelocalcourttogetacourtordertohaltthecontract.Althoughtheyweresuccessfulatthatlevel,theAtomregionalgovernment,withencouragementfromMoscow,hasalreadymovedtoreversethedecisionasillegal.

"Idon'tpayattentiontothisnegativeside."Smirenskisayscharacteristicoptimisticfashion."Idecidedweshouldcontinuetocreate."

BeyondMurovyovka,thereareevenvastergrasslandsandwetlandsintheAmurbasinthatarevitalnestingareasforrarebirdssuchastheeasternwhitestork,andthered-crowned,white-napped;andhoodedcranes.Acomplexof100,000hectares,forexample,lieslargelyunprotectedinZhuravalini[literally"aplaceforcranes"]downstreamfromMurovyovkA.Creationofanationalpark,alongfortouristuse,hasbeenproposedforthisarea.

Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChinA.Forexample,thecranesthatnestinRussiahavebeentrackedbysatellitetowinteringgroundsinIzumi,onJapan'ssouthernKyushuIslanD.Thislinkagehasprovedusefulbringingregionalofficialsfrombothcountriestogether.

Lastsummer,100JapaneseschoolchildrenfromtheTamaregionoutsideofTokyocametoKhabarovskontheAmentoexperiencethekindofuntouchednaturethathasdisappearedfromJapan.Aspartoftheexchange,theMayorofTamadonated26secondhandfiretruckstohiscounterpart.

"AfterthisthemayorofKhabarovsksaid,NowIwilllistentoyou,aboutyourbirdsandallyourproblems.'"RecountsSmirenski.Nowtheofficialsunderstandwhatcranesmeantothem."

1.Aprobablegoaloftheagriculturalprojectisto（）.

2.Summercampsintheareawill（）.

3.Projectsconnectedwiththedevelopmentofthenatureparkare（）.

4.Thezapovedniksappear（）.

5.ThepassageimpliesthatprojectslikeMurovyovka（）.

问题1选项

A.reducepollutioninreservefarmlands

B.induceUnitedNationscooperation

C.learnhowlocalfarmsareoperated

D.importnewbreedsoffarmanimals

问题2选项

A.bedesignedforforeignvisitors

B.beeducational

C.attractscientistsandecologists

D.housefieldlaborersandtheirfamiliesNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

问题3选项

A.selfsustaining

B.narrowinscopeandvision

C.attractingworld-wideattention

D.amassingscientificdata

问题4选项

A.eagertosupporttheNaturePark

B.opposedtooutsidefunding

C.enviousofthePark'ssuccess

D.tohavelegaljurisdictionofthearea

问题5选项

A.faceinsurmountablefinancialproblems

B.taketoomuchfromlocalresidents

C.increasetheneedforfireengines

D.canpromoteinternationalcooperation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词agriculturalproject定位到原文第二段“Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.”，中文翻译：由于他的努力，农业项目也在进行中，是为了建立一个试验性农场，教当地农民在不使用大量杀虫剂和化肥这一传统方法的情况下如何耕作。综合考虑，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词summercamps定位到原文“Separately,10NewJerseyschoolteacherswillspendthesummerinthedistrictrunningsummercampsforthelocalchildrenthatwillstressfieldtripsandlecturesonthenaturearoundthem.”，中文翻译：另外，10名新泽西学校的教师将在该地区为当地儿童举办夏令营，这些夏令营将强调实地考察和关于周围大自然的讲座。因此最佳答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位到原文“Theseprograms,particularlytheagriculturalproject,aregettingsomesupportfrom...”，中文翻译：“这些项目，特别是农业项目，正得到多方支持，如……”可以推断出答案选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词zapovedniks定位到原文“…withsomeofthemoneygoingtosupportthezapovedniks(totallywildpreservesusedonlyforscientificresearch)intheregion.”中文翻译为：部分资金将用于支持该地区的zapovedniks(仅用于科学研究的野生保护区)。以及文章中“ButthismoneyhasalsogeneratedajealousattemptbythelocalwildlifeservicetoblocktheMurovyovkaproject.”，中文翻译为：这笔钱也引起了当地野生动物机构的嫉妒，以阻止穆罗维约夫项目。可知，C项符合题目描述。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文“Akeypartoftheconservationstrategyistogainthesupportofregionalgovernmentsbygettingthemtoseethatsuchinternationallybackednatureprojectscanleadtobusinessandotherties,particularlytocountrieslikeJapanandChina.”，中文翻译为：保护战略的一个关键点是通过让地方政府认识到这种国际支持的自然项目能够建立商业和其他联系，特别是与日本和中国这样的国家建立联系，从而获得区域政府的支持。可知。D选项正确。

7.单选题

Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.compose

B.impose

C.expose

D.pose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compose“构成，写作”，B项impose“强加，征税”，C项expose“暴露”，D项pose“提出，造成”；根据空格后面的threat（威胁），结合句子的语境，只有D项符合。句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物构成威胁。因此，该题选择D项正确。

8.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项facilitates“促进，帮助，使容易”；B选项initiates“开始，创始，发起，倡议”；C选项inhibits“抑制，约束”；D选项purifies“净化，使纯净”。根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以放缓食物中腐败微生物的生长速度，正如以极为相同的方式，在巴氏灭菌法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐败作用。’C选项正确。

9.单选题

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高气扬）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(带头，做先锋)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

问题2选项

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

问题3选项

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

问题4选项

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

问题5选项

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。

2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，这里要表达的是“丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。

3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了肤色障碍,成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。

4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。

5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。

10.单选题

Thedeclineofmarriage:Forricher,forsmarterThetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton.Millionsmorehavewallowedinthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriageafterrevelationsthathefatheredasonwithamaid.AndthetumescenttweetsofcongressmanAnthonyWeinerhavestirredupendlessspeculationaboutthehealthofhisownyear-oldmarriageandtheforbearanceofhisnewlypregnantwife.

LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates.DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf(45%)ofallhouseholds.

TheiconicAmericanfamily,withmom,dadandkidsunderoneroof,isfading.Inever,statethenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsaregrowingfasterthanthosecomprisedofmarriedpeoplewithchildren,findsthe2010census.Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%.Andthetrendhasapotentclassdimension.Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent.

Therebarelywasamarriagegapin1960:onlyfourpercentagepointsseparatedtheweddedwaysofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduates(76%versus72%).Thegaphassincewidenedto16percentagepoints,accordingtothePewResearchCentre.ACensusBureauanalysisreleasedthisspringfoundthatbridesaresignificantlymorelikelytohaveacollegedegreethantheywereinthemid-1990s.

“Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat'swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,becomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,directoroftheNationalMarriageProjectattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.Theprojectfoundthatdivorceratesforcoupleswithcollegedegreesareonlyathirdashighasforthosewithahigh-schooldegree.

Americanswithahigh-schooldegreeorless(whoaccountfor58%ofthepopulation)tellresearcherstheywouldliketomarry,butdonotbelievetheycanaffordit.Instead,theyraisechildrenoutofwedlock.Only6%ofchildrenborntocollege-educatedmotherswerebornoutsidemarriage,accordingtotheNationalMarriageProject.Thatcompareswith44%ofbabiesborntomotherswhoseeducationendedwithhighschool.

"Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty，"reckonsIsabelSawhill,aseniorfellowattheBrookingsInstitution.Sheandotherresearchershavelinkedasmuchashalfoftheincomeinequalityinfamilycomposition:single-parentfamilies(mostlythosewithahigh-schooldegreeorless)aregettingpoorerwhilemarriedcouples(witheducationsanddualincomes)areincreasinglywell-off."Thisisastrikinggapthatisnotwellunderstoodbythepublic."shesays.

DonotexpecttheDemocraticParty,however,tomakeanissueofthemarriagegapinnextyear’selections.UnmarriedwomenvotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObama."Youdon'twanttosuggesttosomeonewhoisn'tmarriedandhaschildrenthattheyshouldbemarried."saysMsSawhill.“Thatisadenigrationoftheirlifestyle."

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTrue?

3.Thedivorceratehascomedownbecause（）.

4.“Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty”is（）.

5.UnmarriedwomenVotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObamabecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.lessthanhalf(45%)orpeoplepreservethetraditionalmarriage.

B.nearly23mAmericanswassadatthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriage.

C.theiconicAmericanfamilystilldominatesnewspapers,Magazinesandtheairwaves.

D.thenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsgrowby20%.

问题2选项

A.Traditionalmarriageisaluxuryfortheeducatedandrichnow.

B.ThestateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStatesistitillating.

C.Themarriagegapisnarrowednow

D.Girlswithacollegedegreeareeasytogetmarried.

问题3选项

A.therearemoreselectionsinmarriage.

B.marriagecouplesareofhigh-schooldegree.

C.peoplearemorecarefulinmarriageselection.

D.peopleareunwillingtogetmarried.

问题4选项

A.averypopularsaying

B.notwellunderstood

C.wellreceived.

D.researchfinding

问题5选项

A.marriageisalifestyletothem.

B.theywanttogetmarried

C.marriageissorrythem.

D.theycannotaffordmarriagefinancially

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。A:不到一半（45%）的人保留传统婚姻。根据第二段“DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf（45%）ofallhouseholds(人口普查局的数据显示已婚夫妇现在占全部家庭的比例不到一半（45%）,这是首次出现这种情况)”可知A项正确。B:近2300万美国人对阿诺德施瓦辛格的婚姻破裂感到悲伤。根据第一段“Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton(近2300万美国人收看了威廉王子迎娶凯特•米德尔顿（KateMiddleton）的神圣婚礼)”可知B项不正确。C:这个标志性的美国家庭仍然主宰着报纸、杂志和广播。根据第—段“Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves(婚姻、婚姻里的悲欢离合仍然强有力地占据着报纸、杂志的版面和广播电视的节目)”可排除C项。D:未婚夫妇、无子女家庭、单身家庭增长20%。根据第三段“Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%(1950年后者（有孩子的已婚夫妇组成家庭）占全部家庭的43%；现在只占20%)”可排除D项。因此，本题选A。

2.判断推理题。A:传统婚姻对现在的受过教育的富人来说是一种奢侈。根据第三段“Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent(传统婚姻普遍被视为习俗，现在它已经进化为受教育人群和具有经济实力的人群所享有的奢侈品)”可知A项正确。B:整个美国的婚姻现状让人感到兴奋。根据第二段“LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates(美国人自己婚姻的糟糕状况则不那么令人感到兴奋)”可排除B项。C:现在婚姻差距缩小了。第四段指出:大学毕业和高中毕业生的结婚率差距越来越大，如今已经达到16%。因此排除C项。D:拥有大学文凭的女孩更容易结婚，文章并未提及。因此，本题选A。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第五段:Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown(选择结婚对象时更加地精挑细选，这就是为什么离婚率降低了)。因此C项“人们在选择婚姻时更加谨慎”正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干定位至倒数第二段:Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty,”reckonsIsabelSawhill,aseniorfellowattheBrookingsInstitution(婚姻减少意味着收入减少、贫困增加”，布鲁金斯学会的资深研究员伊莎贝尔•索希尔这样认为)。因此可推测，这句活应该是“一个研究发现”的结论。因此D项正确。

5.判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出:Youdon’twanttosuggesttosomeonewhoisn’tmarriedandhaschildrenthattheyshouldbemarried,”saysMsSawhill.“Thatisadenigrationoftheirlifestyle.”(“你别想建议某个没结婚又有小孩的人去结婚，”索希尔女士说，“那样子是对她们生活方式的诋毁”)。因A项“婚姻对她们而言是一种生活方式”正确。

11.单选题

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.

Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.

Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.

IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfun