考研考博-英语-山东劳动职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东劳动职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thericeandcottonfieldsarebesetwithswarmsofpestslikericehopperandpinkbollworm.

问题1选项

A.invested

B.infested

C.infected

D.injected

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰，围绕”；A项invest“投资，覆盖”，B项infest“大批滋生”，C项infect“感染”，D项inject“注入，注射”。句意：稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围，如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项正确。

2.单选题

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

问题1选项

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。automotive自动的；instructive有教育意义的；unconventional不按照惯例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新闻节目已经成为大多数城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

问题1选项

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moot“无实际意义的；未决议的”；B选项prestigious“有名望的；享有声望的”；C选项abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可怜的；（境况）凄惨的”；D选项meretricious“俗气的；华丽而庸俗的”。句意：这位女孩可怜的状况是因她不能为校友返校节而找到一件完美的礼服。根据句意可知C选项正确。

4.单选题

TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.

问题1选项

A.briefly

B.quickly

C.accurately

D.earnestly

【答案】B

【解析】副词辨析。句意:环球航空公司被诟病其试图掩盖真相而不是立马通知遇难者家属的行为。

briefly短暂地，简略地。quickly迅速地，很快地。accurately精确地，准确地。earnestly认真地，诚挚地。promptly迅速地。故选B。

5.单选题

Shehasbutafaint（

）ofdialecticalmaterialism.

问题1选项

A.sacrifice

B.reaction

C.notion

D.clue

【答案】C

【解析】sacrifice牺牲；reaction反应；notion概念；clue线索。句意:她对辩证唯物主义只有一个模糊的概念。选项C符合语境。

6.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.

B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.

C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.

D.Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.

问题2选项

A.Keepdownitsexpenses.

B.Improveitscustomerservice.

C.Expanditsbusinessscale.

D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.

问题3选项

A.Theyareingreatdemand.

B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.

C.Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.

D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.

问题4选项

A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.

B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.

C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.

D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Yousayyourshophasbeendoingwell.Couldyougivemesomeideaofwhatdoingwellmeansinfactsandfigures?

W:Well,doingwellmeansaveraging1,200poundsormoreaweekforabout7years,makingalmostaquarterofamillionpounds.Anddoingwellmeansyourearningsarerising.Lastyearwedidslightlyover50,000andthisyearwehopetodomorethan60,000.Sothat’sgoodifwecontinuetorise.

M:Nowthat’sgrowthonearningsIassume.Whataboutyourexpenses?

W:Yes,that’sgrowth.Theexpensesofcoursegoupsteadily.Andsincewe’vemovedtothisnewshop,theexpenseshaveincreasedgreatlybecauseit’samuchbiggershop.SoIcouldn’tsayexactlywhatourexpensesare.There’ssomethingintheregionof6or7thousandpoundsayear,whichisnothigh—commerciallyspeaking,it’sverylow.[6]Andwetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan.

M:[7]Andyourpricesaremuchlowerthanthesamegoodsinshopsroundabout.Howdothelocalshopkeepersfeelabouthavingashopdoingsowellintheirmidst?

W:Perhapsalotofthemdon’trealizehowwellwe’redoingbecausewedon’tmakeapointofpublicizing.Thatwasalessonwe’velearnedveryearlyon.Wewereveryfriendlywithalllocalshop-keepersandwehavebeentomentiontoalocalshopkeeperhowmuchwehavemadethatweek.Hewasveryunhappyandneverasfriendlyagain.Sowemakeapointofneverpublicizingtheamountofthemoneywemake.Butwe’reonverygoodtermswithalltheshops;noneofthemhaveevercomplainedthatwe’reputtingthemoutofbusinessoranythinglikethat.Ithinkit’sanicefunnyrelationship.[8]Maybeiftheydidknowwhatwemade,perhapstheywouldn’tbesofriendly.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？在录音开头，男士就问女士能否用事实和数据来说明她的店铺经营良好。接下来女士从盈利、开支、与其他店主之间的关系三方面进行阐述。C选项“女士店铺的成功经营”最能概括对话的主要内容，因此正确。A选项“这些年女士的收入”和D选项“女士与其他店铺的关系”虽然在录音中有提及，但只是女士在讲述其店铺经营时的一些具体方面，并不是对话的主题，因此可排除；B选项“低成本经营店铺的关键因素”在录音中并没有信息提及。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayhershoptriestodo?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士说她的店铺试图做什么？男士问到女士店铺的开支时，女士提到其店铺在该地区一年要支出6000至7000英镑，但其实并不算多，接着还说他们会尽可能降低开支（wetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan）。A选项“降低其开支”是对录音原文的同义替换，因此正确。B选项“改善顾客服务质量”；C选项“扩大业务规模”和D选项“升级销售的产品”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

7.Whatdowelearnaboutgoodssoldatthewoman’sshop?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于女士店铺出售的商品，我们了解到什么？根据录音中，男士向女士问的最后一个问题：同样的商品，女士店铺里销售的要比附近其他商店价格要低很多，附近的商店对女士店铺经营得如此好是怎么看的。由此可知，D选项“它们的售价比其他店铺低”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们的需求量很大”；B选项“它们免费送货”和C选项“它们很受当地居民的欢迎”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

8.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttomakeknowntheirearningsanymore?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士不想让别人知道他们的收入了？录音中提及女士的店铺曾向当地的店主提及赚了多少钱，使得与其他店主关系变差了，因此他们不再公布自己的收入了。由此可推测，女士不宣扬其店铺收入是想与其他店主保持良好的关系。因此A选项“与其他商店保持友好关系”正确。B选项“避免在商业竞争中被淘汰”；C选项“为了吸引更多附近的客户”和D选项“跟随当地店主的习惯做法”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

7.单选题

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

问题1选项

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

问题2选项

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

问题3选项

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

问题4选项

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

问题5选项

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知仅仅在单独国家的框架内观察事态发展已不再可行。继续局限于各州的地理边界，容易导致例外主义。可推断出从包容性的角度看，伊斯兰教的发展将在全球范围内得到理解，并与其他宗教的发展相联系。这一现象可以表达包容的观点。选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽视了全球化的影响和全球化对历史发展的直接影响。从句子中的also可判断，主语应该为同一对象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于单独的国家的地理边界。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯兰政治角色包括21世纪伊斯兰教法对社会的意义、主流穆斯林活动的战场、心灵斗争演变的例子。所以穆斯林和社会之间的关系不属于伊斯兰的政治角色。选项A符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯兰教关于应该如何组织人类的中心不是“国家”，而是社会团体。因为单词or可判断出ummah应该为前面提到的事物。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者认为主流穆斯林思想和极端主义思想对于伊斯兰和他们的社会里面都是很重要，因为界定整个社会秩序的发展性质的辩论是决定21世纪亚洲穆斯林社会性质的一个主要部分。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.

问题1选项

A.prevailing

B.controlling

C.reigning

D.persisting

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B选项controlling“控制欲强的”；C选项reigning“统治的”；D选项persisting“坚持”。句意：这个地区盛行的风是东北风。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Japan'sproductivityhasovertakenAmericaninsomemanufacturingindustries,butelsewheretheUnitedStateshad（）itslead.

问题1选项

A.takenup

B.broughtup

C.clungto

D.restedon

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeup“占据；开始从事”；bringup“提出；教育”；clingto“坚持；紧握不放”;reston“依靠；停留在”。前半句提到“在一些制造业，日本的生产力已经超过了美国”，根据表转折的并列连词but可知后半句讲述的是“美国在其他领域依然处于领先地位”。因此选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Hisopinionsarevery（

）;hedoesnotwantthesituationtochangeverymuch.

问题1选项

A.conservative

B.flexible

C.sophisticated

D.radical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conservative“保守的”；flexible“灵活的，柔韧的，易弯曲的”；sophisticated“精致的，久经世故的”；radical“激进的，根本的”。句意：他的观点非常保守，他不想让形式快速改变。选项A符合题意。

11.翻译题

Foranthropologistsculturehaslongstoodforthewayoflifeofapeople，forthesumoftheirlearnedbehaviorpatterns,attitudes,andmaterialthings.Thoughtheysubscribetothisgeneralview,mostanthropologiststendtodisagreehowever,onwhattheprecisesubstanceofcultureis.Inpracticetheirworkoftenleadssomeofthemtoafascinationwithasinglecategoryofeventsamongthemanywhichmakeuphumanlife,andtheytendtothinkofthisastheessenceofallculture.Others,lookingforapointofstabilityinthefluxofsociety,oftenbecomepreoccupiedwithidentifyingacommonparticleorelementwhichcanbefoundineveryaspectofculture.

Fromthebeginning,culturehasbeenthespecialprovinceoftheanthropologist,whousuallygainedafirsthandexperienceofitspervasivepowerinthefieldduringtheinternshipwhichfollowstheprescribedperiodofclassroomtraining.Asfledglinganthropologistsmoveddeeper:anddeeperintothelifeofthepeopletheywerestudyingtheyinevitablyacquiredtheconvictionthatculturewasrealandnotjustsomethingdreamedupbythetheoretician.Moreover,astheyslowlymasteredthecomplexitiesofagivenculturetheywereapttofeelthatthesecomplexitiescouldbeunderstoodinnootherwaythanbyprolongedexperience;andthatitwasalmostimpossibletocommunicatethisunderstandingtoanyonewhohadnotlivedthroughthesameexperience.

【答案】对人类学家来说，文化长期以来一直代表着一个民族的生活方式，代表着他们所习得的行为模式、态度和物质事物的总和。尽管大多数人类学家同意这一普遍观点，但他们在什么是文化的确切内容这一问题上往往存在分歧。在实践中，他们的工作常常使他们中的一些人着迷于构成人类生活的许多事件中的某一类，他们往往认为这是所有文化的精髓。另一些人，为了在社会的变迁中寻找一个稳定的点，常常全神贯注于确定一个在文化的各个方面都能找到的共同的粒子或元素。

从一开始，文化就一直是人类学家的特殊领域，他们通常会在规定的课堂训练之后的实习中亲身体验到文化在该领域的普遍影响力。随着羽翼未丰的人类学家向更深的方向发展:随着他们对研究对象生活的深入，他们不可避免地相信文化是真实的，而不仅仅是理论家凭空想象出来的东西。此外，当他们慢慢地掌握了某一文化的复杂性时，他们倾向于认为只有通过长期的经验才能理解这些复杂性;而且几乎不可能把这种理解传达给任何没有经历过同样经历的人。

12.单选题

TheNorthVietnameseweretenacious,andinJanuary1968theylaunchedamassiveattackknownastheTetOffensive,whichseverelydamagedU.S.forces.

问题1选项

A.collective

B.hostile

C.aggressive

D.persistent

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.collective集体的，共有的B.hostile敌意的，敌对的

C.aggressive好斗的，挑衅的D.persistent执著的，不屈不挠的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】tenacious的意思为“顽强的，坚忍不拔的”，用来形容theNorthVietnamese，指的是他们非常英勇，persistent与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】北越人很顽强，1968年1月他们发动了大规模进攻，称为春节攻势，重创美军。

13.单选题

Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

问题1选项

A.illustrated

B.hinted

C.tied

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.illustrated说明，阐明B.hinted暗示；透露

C.tied（用线、绳等）系，拴D.displayed陈列；展出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词thespeaker（演讲者）和hispoint（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。

14.单选题

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

问题1选项

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.negotiated谈判；协商B.initiated开始；发起

C.launched发射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下……。根据逻辑，在紧急情况下，可以启动也就是激活警报器。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下启动。

15.单选题

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

问题1选项

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词、名词词义辨析。A选项raillery“逗趣；开玩笑”；B选项noisome“恶臭的；有害的”；C选项supine“仰卧的；懒得动的；向后靠的”；D选项liturgy“礼拜仪式；圣餐仪式；祷告文”。句意：萦绕在污水管周围的恶臭的空气足以使任何人窒息。结合句意，B选项正确。

16.单选题

We'vejustinstalledafan（

）tocookingsmellsfromthekitchen.

问题1选项

A.eject

B.expel

C.exclude

D.exile

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eject“喷射，驱逐”；expel“驱逐”；exclude“排除，排出”；exile“放逐，流放”。句意：我们刚刚安装了一台风扇来排出厨房的烟气。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇佣兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（异端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠杀）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成长).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重视)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

问题4选项

A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.

B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.

C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.

D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies（只有在非吉普赛人的威胁面前才能真正团结起来）可知D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.（在欧洲，非吉普赛人对他们的迫害开始得很快，教会认为他们的算命行为是异端邪说，而政府认为他们的游牧生活是反社会行动。在更近的历史中，吉普赛人被陷入纳粹党歇斯底里的种族迫害中，大约50万人死于大屠杀）可知吉普赛人受到了教堂、政府以及纳粹的迫害，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews（除了极少数例外，吉普赛人并没有表达出对一个国家的强烈愿望—不像犹太人那样）可知吉普赛人与犹太人的主要区别在于对身份的认同，因此选C。

4.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago（从他们的语言罗曼语的各种方言中的线索可知，一千年前他们从印度北部来到中东）可知D选项“印度北部曾经有一个吉普赛人国家”表示不正确，只能推测吉普赛人从印度北部而来。

18.单选题

Theleaseis（）insayingthattherentmustbepaidindollarsbythe20thofeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.conspicuous

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。explicit"详述的,明确的";implicit"含蓄的'conspicuous"显著的";distinctive"有特色的,与众不同的",一般接介词of。句意：契约上明确规定房租必须在每月20日前以美元支付。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedorlights（

）.

问题1选项

A.cameout

B.cameon

C.cameto

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。comeout“出现；出版；结果是”；comeon“快点；开始”；cometo“想起；共计”；comedown“下来；降落；流传下来”。句意：警察认为很多盗贼是新手，如果他们听到警报或者看到灯光就会逃跑。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Thisnewbookhasreceivedseveralreviewssinceitspublication;butnoneofthemhavemadeajust（）ofthebook.

问题1选项

A.calculation

B.evaluation

C.profit

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。calculation“估计”；evaluation“评价”；profit“利润”；register“注册”。句意：这本书出版以来已经获得了几个评论，但是没有一个评论是表示对这本书的评价。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。adapt“适应”；bring“带来”；receive“接受”；adopt“采取，收养”。句意：这对老夫妻决定收养一个男孩和一个女孩，尽管他们自己已经有三个小孩了。D项符合题意。

22.单选题

Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep（）withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.

问题1选项

A.pace

B.move

C.step

D.speed

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B选项move表示“行动，举措，改变”；C选项step表示“脚步，步骤，步伐”；D选项speed表示“速度，进展”。词组keeppacewith是一个固定搭配，表示“与并驾齐驱，保持一致”。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

23.单选题

Thelargeamountsofpersonaldatafloatingaroundinsocietytodayleavesindividualsopentohavingtheirprivacytobeviolated,sometimeswithseriousconsequences.

问题1选项

A.floatingaround

B.leaves

C.beviolated

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查单复数。Thelargeamountsof跟名词做主语，谓语动词要用复数。句意：当今社会中大量的个人信息使个人隐私很容易受到侵犯，有时会带来严重的后果。因此，该题选择B项。

24.单选题

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

问题2选项

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

问题4选项

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

问题5选项

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻译为：官方的统计数字有点令人气馁。故选A“没有看上去那么好”。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻译：正如财政部长说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。可知最佳答案为B选项“低于商人的预期”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductiv