考研考博-英语-三峡大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。outofquestion“毫无疑问”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫无疑问”；pastquestion“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Hestood（）amongathousanddimlyimaginedpossibilities.

问题1选项

A.faltering

B.wavering

C.pausing

D.hesitating

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。faltering蹒跚,

犹豫的,

支吾的；wavering摇摆的,犹豫不决；pause暂停,

踌躇；hesitating

犹豫的。句意：他在一千种模模糊糊想象出来的可能性中犹豫不决。选项B符合句意。

3.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

TheAmericantraditionhasfoundthisviewofhumanhistoryrepugnantandfalse.（1）

Thistraditionseestheworldasmany,notasone.Theseempiricalinstincts,thepreferenceforfactoverlogic,fordeedoverdogma,havefoundtheirmostbrilliantexpressioninthewritingsofWilliamJamesandintheapproachtophilosophicalproblemswhichJamescalled“radicalempiricism”.Againstthebeliefintheall-encompassingpowerofasingleexplanation,againstthecommitmenttotheabsolutismofideology,againstthenotionthatallanswerstopoliticalandsocialproblemscanbefoundinthebackofsomesacredbook,againstthedeterministicinterpretationofhistory,againstthecloseduniverse,（2）

Jamesstoodforwhathecalledtheunfinisheduniverse―auniversemarkedbygrowth,variety,ambiguity,mystery,andcontingency―auniversewherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwherenomortalmanwillevergetanabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth,auniversewheresocialprogressdependsnotoncapitulationtoasingle,all-consumingbodyof

doctrine,butonthe

unforced

intercourseofunconstrainedminds.

Thusideologyandpragmatismdifferradicallyintheirviewsofhistory.Theydifferjustasradicallyintheirapproachtoissuesofpublicpolicy.Theideologist,bymistakingmodelsforreality,alwaysmisleadsastothepossibilitiesandconsequencesofpublicdecision.Thehistoryofthetwentiethcenturyisarecordofthemanifoldwaysinwhichhumanityhasbeenbetrayedbyideology.

Letustakeanexamplefromcontemporaryhistory.（3）

Itisevidentnow,forexample,thatthechoicebetweenprivateandpublicmeans,thatchoicewhichhasobsessedsomuchrecentpoliticalandeconomicdiscussioninunderdevelopedcountries,isnotamatterofreligiousprinciple.Itisnotamoralissuetobedecidedonabsolutistgrounds,eitherbythoseontherightwhoregardtheuseofpublicmeansaswickedandsinful,orbythoseontheleftwhoregardtheuseofprivatemeanswickedandsinful.Itissimplyapracticalquestionastowhichmeanscanbestachievethedesiredend.Itisaproblemtobeanswerednotbytheologybutbyexperienceandexperiment.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse.Theybelongtothevocabularyofdemagoguery,nottothevocabularyofanalysis.

So,withtheinventionofthemixedsociety,pragmatismhastriumphedoverabsolutism.Asaconsequence,theworldiscomingtounderstandthatthemixedeconomyofferedtheinstrumentalitiesthroughwhichonecanunitesocialcontrolwithindividualfreedom.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhowmuchitisexposedbyexperience,thecravingforitstillpersists.Thatcravingwill,nodoubt,alwayspersist,solongasthereishumanhungerforanall-embracing,all-explanatorysystem,solongindeedaspoliticalphilosophyisshapedbythecompulsiontoreturntothewomb.

Theoldestphilosophicalproblem,wehavenoted,istherelationshipbetweentheoneandtheoneandthemany.Surelythebasicconflictofourtimesispreciselytheconflictbetweenthosewhowouldreducetheworldtooneandthosewhoseetheworldasmany—betweenthosewhobelievethattheworldisevolvinginasingledirection,alongasinglepredestinedline,towardasinglepredestinedconclusion,andthosewhothinkthathumanityinthefuture,asinthepast,willcontinuetoevolveindiversedirections,towarddiverseconclusions,accordingtothediversetraditions,values,andpurposesofdiversepeoples.Itisachoice,inshort,betweendogmatismandpragmatism,betweenthetheologicalsocietyandtheexperimentalsociety.

Ideologistsareafraidofthefreeflowofideas,evenofdeviantideaswithintheirownideology.TheyareconvincedtheyhaveamonopolyontheTruth.Thereforetheyalwaysfeelthattheyareonlysavingtheworldwhentheyslaughtertheheretics.（4）

Theirobjectiveremainsthatofmakingtheworldoverintheimageoftheirdogmaticideology.Thegoalisamonolithicworld,organizedondieprincipleofinfallibility—buttheonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.

Thegoaloffreemenisquitedifferent.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth.Theirreligiousandtheirintellectualheritagejoininleadingthemtosuspectfellowmenwholayclaimtoinfallibility.TheybelievethatthereisnogreaterdelusionthanformantomistakehimselfforGod.（5）

Theyacceptthelimitationsofthehumanintellectandtheinfirmityofthehumanspirit.Thedistinctivehumantriumph,intheirjudgment,liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstrivingbuttostrivenonetheless.

【答案】1.这种传统将世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。威廉•詹姆斯的作品以及詹姆斯所谓的“激进经验主义”对待哲学问题的方法，最好地表达了这种经验主义的本能，即注重事实而不是推理，注重行为而不是教条。

2.詹姆斯主张被他称为“未完成的世界”的观点——一个以成长性、多样性、不确定性、神秘性、偶然性为特征的世界——一个自由的人们可以找到部分真理、而不是某个凡人独自掌握了绝对真理的世界；一个社会的进步不是依赖单一、耗尽所有精力的学说，而是依靠自由思想不受约束的交流的世界。

3.例如，在选择公有制还是私有制的问题上，发展中国家在近来的政治经济讨论中备受困扰，现在已经很清楚了，这不是宗教原则问题。

4.他们的追求仍然是根据他们意识形态的教条概念去改造世界。他们的目标是按照确定无误的理论，建造一个庞大而僵化的世界——然而，绝对的体制必然导致权力的滥用。

5.他们承认人类智力的局限性及心灵的脆弱性。根据他们的判断，人类与众不同的巨大成就在于他们懂得人类的奋斗虽然存在缺憾，但仍然奋斗不息的能力。

4.单选题

Hehasawonderfulbrain,despotic,violent,andinexhaustible,meantforasoldier,bywhatchanceconvertedtoletters,（）thereisnotastylenoratintnotknowntohim,yetwithanEnglishappetiteforactionandheroes.

问题1选项

A.X

B.inwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知考查非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句中关系词不能省，选项A可排除。又因为先行词为letters，固定短语inletters“在信件中”，选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Weather（）,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.

问题1选项

A.permits

B.shouldpermit

C.willpermit

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。后半句thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.“野餐会如期举行。”是一个完整的句子，句中并不缺少谓语成分，因此使用独立主格来充当本句的状语。句意：天气允许的话，野餐会如期举行。weather是permit的逻辑主语，两者间是一种主动关系，因此选用permit的现在分词形式，故选D。

6.单选题

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟练的;persistent持续的;consistent连续的,一致的;sufficient足够的。句意：严重残疾的人也能够掌握很多生存证明,比尔就是其中的例证。

7.单选题

Weshould（）toreasoningtosettleproblems.

问题1选项

A.apply

B.absorb

C.reply

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项apply“申请；涂”；B选项absorb“吸收；吸引”；C选项reply“回答；答复”；D选项resort“求助，诉诸；常去；采取某手段或方法”。句意：我们应该诉诸讲理来解决问题。因此D项符合句意跟搭配。

8.单选题

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

问题1选项

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。

9.单选题

Ithadbeenanabominableafternoon,(

)ataboutSixO'clockinherfather'ssuddencollapseintosub-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.pitching

B.rising

C.soaring

D.culminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pitch“投掷”；rise“上升”；soar“猛增”；culminate“达到顶点”。句意：那是一个糟糕的下午，大约六点钟她的父亲突然陷入昏迷。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.

TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.

Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.

Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.

1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.

4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.promotiondependsonamiability

B.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

问题2选项

A.hallucinationexercise

B.physicalexercise

C.meditationexercise

D.entertainment

问题3选项

A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-hunting

D.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks

问题4选项

A.theycanconducttheirbusiness

B.theycanindulgethemselves

C.theycancultivatetheirmind

D.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

问题5选项

A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.

B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A,B,C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。

2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知选项C与原文相符。

4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。

11.单选题

Gameshavebeenplayedforthousandsofyearsandarecommon（1）allcultures.Throughouthistoryand（2）theworldpeoplehaveusedstickstodrawsimplegameboardsontheground,（3）uprulesthatincorporatestonesorothercommonobjects（4）playingpieces.About5,000yearsagopeoplebegantomakemorepermanentgameboardsfromsun-driedmudorwood.

Someoftheoldestboardgamesmayhaveevolvedfrommethodsoffortune-telling.Thegameofgo,whichmanyexpertsregardasthefinestexampleofapurestrategygame,mayhaveevolvedfromamethodoffortune-tellingpracticedinChinamorethanthreethousandyearsago,（5）blackandwhitepieceswerecastontoasquareboardmarkedwithsymbolsofvarioussignificance.Goalsoinvolvesblackandwhitepiecesonaboard,butplayersdeliberatelyplacethemonintersectionsoflineswhiletryingto（6）moreterritorythanopponent.

Chess,Xiangqi(Chinesechess)andShogi(Japanesechess)are（7）themostwidelyplayedboardgamesintheworld.（8）quitedifferent,allthreearebelievedtohaveevolvedfromacommonancestor—eithera6th-centurygameplayedinIndiaoranearliergameplayedinChina.（9）thecenturies,chess（10）westwardtotheMiddleEastand（11）Europe,withrules（12）frequently.Thegamealsospread（13）toKoreaandJapan,（14）inverydifferentruleschanges.

Formostofhumanhistory,agamecouldnot（15）muchpopularityunlessitwas（16）easyforplayerstomaketheirownequipment.The（17）ofprinting(whichoccurredinthemid-1400sintheWest)madethisprocesseasier,butitwas（18）theadvanceofthe18th-centuryIndustrialRevolutionthatitbecamepossibletomass-producemanynew（19）ofgames.Twentieth-centurytechnologicaladvancessuchastheinventionofplasticandthecomputerrevolutionledtothecreationofmoregames,andmorenewkindsofgames,thaninallpreviouscenturies（20）.

问题1选项

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.by

问题2选项

A.round

B.around

C.over

D.through

问题3选项

A.tomake

B.make

C.making

D.made

问题4选项

A.for

B.at

C.over

D.as

问题5选项

A.when

B.inthat

C.inwhich

D.which

问题6选项

A.attack

B.surround

C.protect

D.charge

问题7选项

A.among

B.of

C.with

D.from

问题8选项

A.For

B.However

C.Although

D.Moreover

问题9选项

A.During

B.Within

C.Past

D.Over

问题10选项

A.developed

B.spread

C.passed

D.covered

问题11选项

A.into

B.beyond

C.inside

D.in

问题12选项

A.changed

B.change

C.changing

D.changes

问题13选项

A.east

B.eastern

C.westward

D.eastward

问题14选项

A.resulted

B.resulting

C.result

D.results

问题15选项

A.gain

B.reach

C.win

D.collect

问题16选项

A.less

B.more

C.fairly

D.enough

问题17选项

A.creation

B.discovery

C.design

D.invention

问题18选项

A.until

B.notuntil

C.till

D.nottill

问题19选项

A.varieties

B.variety

C.difference

D.differences40.

问题20选项

A.combining

B.combination

C.combined

D.combine

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。commonto意为“共同的；共有的；为…所共用”。选项C正确。

2.考查固定搭配。aroundtheworld意为“世界各地；全世界”。选项B正确。

3.考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词haveused，所以填空处应填入非谓语；其次，句子的主语是people，是制定规则这个动作的执行者，所以应使用现在分词形式。选项C正确。

4.考查介词辨析。根据句意“世界各地的人们都用木棍在地上画出简单的棋盘，并把石头或其他常见物品作为棋子来制定游戏规则。”这里表示“作为…”，所以选项D符合语境。

5.考查引导词。根据句意“围棋，许多专家认为是最好的纯策略游戏的例子，可能是由3000多年前中国的一种算命方法演变而来的。在这种算命方法中，将黑白的棋子投在标有各种意义符号的正方形棋盘上。”分析句子结构和句意可知，填空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是amethodoffortune-telling，引导词在从句中做方式状语，所以引导词为inwhich。选项C正确。

6.考查动词辨析。A选项attack“攻击，袭击”；B选项surround“围绕”；C选项protect“保护”；D选项charge“掌控，掌管”。根据句意可知，原文指棋手故意将棋子放置在线的交叉点上，试图占据比对手更多的地盘。所以选项D更符合语境。

7.考查固定搭配。beof指“具有…的性质”。在这里指“这三类象棋是世界上使用最广泛的棋类游戏”，表示“具有广泛使用的性质”，所以选项B正确。

8.考查逻辑连词。根据句意“尽管（这三类象棋）完全不同，但人们认为这三种游戏都是从一个共同的祖先演变而来的——要么是6世纪的印度游戏，要么是更早的中国游戏。”选项C符合原文语境。

9.考查固定搭配。overthecenturies意为“几个世纪以来”。所以选项D正确。

10.考查动词辨析。A选项develop“开发，生长”；B选项spread“传播”；C选项pass“通过”；D选项cover“包括，覆盖”。根据句意“几个世纪以来，国际象棋向西传到中东……”以及下文的“spread”可知，选项B正确。

11.考查固定搭配。spreadinto意为“传播到，蔓延到”。这里指“国际象棋向西传到中东，并传入欧洲….”。所以选项A符合句意。

12.考查分词结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是做伴随状语，所以填空处应填入分词结构，由此可首先排除选项B和选项D；其次，规则是“被改变”，应使用被动语态，所以这里应使用过去分词结构表被动，选项A正确。

13.考查上下文语义。根据上文的spreadwestwardto可知，这里应填入和“westward”词性相同的单词，再根据句意可知，这里表达的是向东传播，所以选项D正确。

14.考查分词结构。根据句意“这项游戏还向东传到了韩国和日本，导致规则发生了不同的变化。”这里应填入现在分词结构表伴随，所以选项B正确。

15.考查动词辨析。A选项gain“获得”；B选项reach“到达”；C选项win“赢得”；D选项collect“收集”。根据句意可知，这里指获得名气，所以选项A符合语境。C选项win一般指“赢得游戏，获得胜利”，放在此处不如gain恰当，所以不选。

16.考查副词辨析。A选项less“更少地”；B选项more“更大程度地”；C选项fairly“相当地”；D选项enough“足够地，充足地”。分析句子可知，句子结构完整，不缺少成分，所以填空处填入的应是副词；再根据句意可知，这里应该是指玩家能够相当容易地制作自己的装备。所以选项C符合语境。

17.考查名词辨析。A选项creation“创造”；B选项discovery“发现”；C选项design“设计”；D选项invention“发明”。根据原文可知，这里指“印刷术的发明”，所以选项D符合原文语境。

18.考查固定用法。Itwasnotuntilthat….意为“直到…才…”。根据句意“直到18世纪工业革命的推进，才有可能大规模生产许多新种类的游戏。”所以选项B正确。

19.考查固定搭配。varietyof意为“各种各样的”。所以选项B正确。

20.考查分词结构。根据句意“二十世纪的技术进步，如塑料的发明和计算机革命，创造出了更多甚至是不同种类的游戏，比之前所有世纪的加起来还要多。”这里表达的是“所有数据被结合起来进行对比”，所以应使用过去分词形式，选项C正确。

12.单选题

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（

）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

问题1选项

A.cumulative

B.destructive

C.turbulent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumulative意为“累积的”；destructive意为“破坏性的”；turbulent意为“骚乱的，混乱的”；prevalent意为“流行的，盛行的”。

句意：飓风是致命风，它们的破坏性力量在于它们所能造成的身体伤害。

13.单选题

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

问题1选项

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

问题2选项

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

问题3选项

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项是正确的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我负责的公司在上周深吸了一口新鲜空气，然后就彻底戒掉了吸烟坏习惯。在家庭办公室里工作，吸烟是完全禁止的。），根据wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉坏习惯）这个词语，可以推断出公司是突然禁止吸烟，故D项“公司总部突然全面禁止吸烟”正确，由此也可知B项“该公司逐步、有条件地实行了禁烟令”错误；根据第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我们的3000名家庭办公室员工中，大多数人支持我们的新政策，吸烟者和不吸烟者都是一样的，但有少数人抱怨说，我们为什么要“歧视吸烟者”。）可知，关于公司的禁烟令，包括吸烟者和不吸烟者在内，大部分的员工是支持的，只有少数人有抱怨，这其中可能有吸烟者可能也有不吸烟者，因此A项“总的来说，吸烟的员工对公司规定不允许在工作场所吸烟感到不舒服”和C项“在公司的主要办公室里，吸烟者被认为是少数爱发牢骚的人”错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“下列哪一项可以从文章中推断出来？”。根据第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年杀死35万美国人的事情都应该采取果断的行动，所有强壮的牛仔和黄褐色头发的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香烟广告，来掩盖这个国家七分之一的死亡与吸烟有关的事实。）可以推断，香烟广告通常都是以诱人的形象来展示，故A项“香烟广告通常利用诱人形象的吸引力”正确；B项“香烟广告倾向于提醒人们吸烟和美好生活之间的关系”从文中推断不出来；C项“一般来说，香烟广告是为了误导不吸烟的人”也不正确，香烟广告既可能诱导不吸烟者也可能误导吸烟者；D项“大多数香烟广告的目标是强壮和有吸引力的男人和女人”颠倒了文章意思。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的目的是什么？”。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过公司突然禁烟的做法引出了无烟工作环境的观点，第二段阐述了提供无烟工作环境的原因，即吸烟的一系列危害，接着第三段讲到了公司为了实行禁令为员工做的一些努力和大多数员工对禁令的支持，然后最后一段总结，吸烟导致的增加的医疗费用、死亡和工作时间损失都会给经济造成一定的损失，所以提供无烟工作环境是一个商业的决策；综合全文我们可以推断出，这篇文章的目的是给“提供无烟工作环境”这一策略做辩护，C项“为在工作场所控制吸烟的做法辩护”符合题意；A项“批判吸烟的习惯对健康有害”和B项“强调无烟工作环境的可获得性”都是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文；D项“提出一个关于让吸烟成为仅仅是与工作相关的问题的论点”不符合文意。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪项不是作者用以作为管制工作期间吸烟的理由？”。由第二段最后两句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（与此相关的成本也在侵蚀我们的经济。最近的一份报告估计，吸烟者使用医疗保健系统的人数至少比不吸烟者多50%；他们每天要浪费30分钟的时间摸索火柴和打火机，吸食诱人的毒药。）以及最后一段中的倒数第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根据一项国会研究，每年因吸烟而增加的医疗费用、过早死亡和工作时间损失给经济造成的损失平均为650亿美元）可知，A项“由于吸烟者耗时的习惯，所以在工作效率不如不吸烟者的假设”、C项“与吸烟有关的导致过早死亡的健康问题”和D项“与吸烟有关的成本削弱了国民经济的事实”都是禁止工作期间吸烟的理由；只有B项“吸烟严重污染工作环境的观点”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

14.单选题

Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobein"selfcare".

Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.

Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,somethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.

“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealitiesoffamilylife.”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.

Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”

Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?

Inmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids'lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn'tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.

Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauthor's?

2.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingto（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendar

（

）.

4.WhywasDr.Boyer'sideaunpopular?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.“Thekidsarehangingout.”

B.“Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.”

C.“Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.”

D.“Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.”

问题2选项

A.thegrowingseasononnation'sfarm

B.thelabordemandsoftheindustrialage

C.teachers'demandsformorevacationtime

D.parents'demandsforotherexperiencesfortheirkids

问题3选项

A.isstillvalid

B.isoutofdate

C.cannotberevised

D.cannotbedefended

问题4选项

A.Hearguesfortheroleofschoolinsolvingsocialproblems

B.Hesupportsthecurrentschoolcalendar

C.Hethinksthatschoolyearandfamilylifeshouldbeconsideredseparately

D.Hestronglybelievesintheeducationalroleofschool

问题5选项

A.todescribehowAmericanchildrenspendtheirsummer

B.toexplaintheneedsofthemodernworkingfamilies

C.todiscusstheproblemsofthecurrentschoolcalendar

D.topersuadeparentstostayathometolookaftertheirkids

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表达的是孩子们上学的时间太短，很多时间都在外面闲逛。所以选项A是作者的观点，其他选项都是事实。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段三四句“In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopenseven