考研考博-英语-广西经贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西经贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

很多已经发表的科学论文都有错误，各种因素导致了这个问题。统计错误比比皆是。在杂志决定刊载论文之前，审读论文的同行审读人（peerreviewers）在发现错误方面比杂志或其他人更差；职业的压力、竞争和进取心驱使科学家们更快地发表文章而失去了理智。更糟的是，科学家职业体系强调发表大量论文。“不发表论文就灭亡”的压力已经逐步地统治学术生活。

【答案】Therearemistakesinmanyscientificpapersalreadypublished.Variousfactorscontributetothisproblem.Statisticalerrorsmeettheeyeeverywhere.Beforejournalsdecidetopublishpapers,peerreviewersareinferiortojournalsorotherpeopleinfindingmistakes.Professionalpressure,competitionandenterprisepromptscientiststopublishpapersmorequicklybuttolosetheirsense.Worsestill,scientists’professionalsystememphasizesthepublicationofalargenumberofpapers.Thepressureofpublishingpapersorperishingisdominatingacademiclifegradually.

2.单选题

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat（）.

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT（）.

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat（）.

问题1选项

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

问题2选项

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

问题3选项

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

问题4选项

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

问题5选项

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”，代表着_________。由引号部分的内容，可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas，theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization，perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上，确实是一个新时代的前哨，也许是一种新的文明，也许是一种新的野蛮；在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和钢铁，就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士，平衡到最后的半便士。）。根据上下文，it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引导一个比较状语从句，把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”与“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”进行比较。采用了象征的手法，“thinmarblefront”象征着外貌浮华，实则脆弱，“concreteandsteel”，象征着本质现实，与商业无差。所以我们可以得出选项A“奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义”，符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆的风格和魅力存在一个基本的虚伪”和D选项“咖啡馆是基于物理基础和真实的经济实力”，都是在说咖啡馆的特征，故不符合题意。C选项“建筑师将新旧建筑材料合理地混合在一起”，此处不是在讲建筑材料，而是通过建筑材料引申出更深刻的含义，故C选项错误。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下单词除了______，都是在批判茶馆。A选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.（一家已经疯了，变了样的茶馆。巴比伦，一座有万盏灯的白色宫殿），Babylonian用于限定茶馆，是一处用典，表示罪恶的、富丽的与critical意义一致，故排除A选项。B选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;（它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上，确实是一个新时代的前哨，也许是一种新的文明，也许是一种新的野蛮），此处barbarism和civilization是对比关系，仅表达中性价值，故B选项错误。C选项的单词定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots（在背后的某个地方，隐藏在万盏灯、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花缭乱的闪闪发光的茶壶后面），此处体现了铺张浪费，表达作者的批评，故排除C选项。D选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士，平衡到最后的半便士。），此处象征着奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义，也是批判的含义，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味着咖啡馆的目的是________。根据题干定位到第一段最后两句话Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.（比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶馆，不仅仅是为了寻找茶点，而是为了寻找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也许他心里知道，人类已经征服了半个已知的世界，掠夺了整个王国，却从未有过这样的奢侈。这地方是为他建造的），咖啡馆的性质是它富丽堂皇，铺张浪费如宫殿，商业性强。本文全文都是对他的批判。A选项“以简单的方式愉悦人们”，咖啡馆并不简单，而是奢侈，所以A选项不正确。B选项“利用像他这样容易上当的人”，符合题目对咖啡馆批判的性质，故B选项符合题意。C选项“满足已经存在的需求”，和D选项“为疲惫的年轻人提供放松”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：以下关于第二段的陈述，不正确的是？文章第二段提到当走到咖啡馆内部时，分别从视觉，嗅觉，听觉的方面描述了内部的情景，所以A选项“咖啡馆同时吸引了大多数感官”，符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆既充满了人，又充满了温暖”，第二段并没有提及咖啡馆里面有没有人，而温暖也是由于其奢侈的装修带来的视觉感受，是一种讽刺，所以B选项不正确。第二段第三句话Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.（整个11月，街道上的阴暗、污浊和空气都立刻被抛在脑后，遗忘了。屋里的气氛是金黄的、热带的，像是糖果店的盛夏时节。），可知，C选项“咖啡馆的内部与外面的天气形成了鲜明的对比”，正确。通过第二段整个的描述，都是在说咖啡馆内部的奢华，故D选项“它强调了咖啡馆老板的商业决心”，也是正确的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.事实细节题。题干：以下是作者在第二段所做的类比，除了_________。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句话Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.（它还为许多其他的人建造，像往常一样，他们都在那里。这似乎是人性的表现。大理石门厅里堆满了令人眼花缭乱的糖果和蛋糕，拥挤得像火车站一样。），可知A选项“入口大厅被比作一个火车站”，是作者做的比较，排除A选项。文章第二段第五句话whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls（一个年轻的犹太小提琴家带领着一支管弦乐队，他有着明亮的眼睛，对颤音的热情，像磁铁一样吸引着无数女孩），可知B选项“管弦乐队被比作一块磁铁”，也是作者用的比喻，排除B选项。由文章第二段第四句话theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery（里面的气氛是金黄色的，充满了热带气息，像是糖果店的盛夏时节），可知D选项“咖啡馆的内部被比作温暖的国家”，也是作者的比喻，故排除D选项。由第二段第五句话Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor（Turgis对电梯不屑一顾，他再一次为这一切的景象、声音和气味而兴奋，爬上宽大的楼梯，一直走到他最喜欢的楼层），可知B选项“Turgis像一名胜利的士兵一样欢迎电梯的到来”，不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.翻译题

我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆。这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际后果，而教育的后果何其严重！在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？

【答案】参考译文：

Ihavealwaysconsidereduniversitypresidentstobefar-sighteddecision—makerswhoconductacademicresearchandguidemaindirectionsofeducationratherthanbabysitterswhoareinchargeofstudents’dailylife.Ofcourse,thereisnodoubtthatsucheducatorshaveverygoodintentions.Theproblemis,whenwemakejudgmentsonsomething,whatmatterarenotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andhowserioustheconsequencesofeducationare!Whatcanyouexpecttheuniversitystudentswhoarebroughtupinaneducationalsystemwhichtreatthemlikebabiestodoexceptforseeingthemtoshedtearsinfaceofanactualhardshipproblem?

4.单选题

Thepassengerscarriedondrinkinganddancing（）unawareoftheimpendingdisaster.

问题1选项

A.witheringly

B.contemptuously

C.morally

D.blissfully

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义解析。witheringly“使人不自在地”；contemptuously“轻蔑地”；morally“道德上，确实”；blissfully“幸福地”。句意：乘客们喝酒跳舞，没有意识到即将发生的灾难。选项C表程度，符合题意。

5.单选题

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality.”

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities-“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.”Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood’’，suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal'sPensees,whichconcludes:“tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother”.Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality,theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.Walzer'sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer'sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapacitysociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialterms,disproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthor'sinterpretationoftheprinciplethat“weowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities(Para.3)suggestthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybethedutypairedwiththequalityofveracity?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer'sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits（）.

5.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

问题1选项

A.arguethatWalzer'scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer'sthinking

B.identityandtodeprecatetheoriginsoftheintellectualtraditionchampionedby

C.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessayInDefenseofEqualitythedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer'spolitico-economictheories

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer'spositiononeconomicequality

问题2选项

A.properlevelofasociety'swealth

B.properinterpretationof"economicequality"

C.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism"thetyrannyofmoney"

问题3选项

A.Dignity

B.Affection

C.Trust

D.Obedience

问题4选项

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone'srewards

B.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

C.provenvalidity

D.emphasisonequality

问题5选项

A.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

B.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatpracticalstepsdoesWalzersuggestbetakentorelievetheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism?

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提出沃尔则对自由资本主义的批判的主要主题之一就是它的不平等（OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian）；第二段和第三段概述和分析了他的经济平等的观点，因此选项D。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“除了以下哪一项，其他都是沃尔则提出的？”文章第二段提到“那些出类拔萃的人应该得到与其能力相称的待遇”（Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence），因此可知选项C在文章中被提及，排除；文章第二段提到“每种品质都应该得到适当的报酬，因此，需要一个合适的物质分配来反映出人类不同品质的差别”（Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales），由此可知选项B在文章中被提及，排除；文章第三段提到“据此，沃尔则将资本主义描述为金钱（或赚钱能力）的暴政”（Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)），由此可知选项D在文章中被提及，排除。综上，选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者对‘我们对不同的品质负有不同的责任’这一原则的解释表明，下列哪一项最有可能与诚实品质相对应的责任？”文章第三段第二句话提到“帕斯卡认为，我们对不同的品质负有不同的责任，所以我们可以说，迷恋是对魅力的正确反应，敬畏是对力量的正确反应”（Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength），由此可知对“诚实品质”正确的反应是“信赖”，因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为沃尔则对于按劳分配原则的解释是独特的，是因为……”文章第二段提到了人们表现出的各种品质，比如智力、体力、敏捷、优雅、艺术创造力、领导能力、耐力、记忆力、洞察力等等，每种品质都值得回报，因此需要一个适合的物质分配来反映出不同品质的差别（Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales），因此选项B“构成品质的广义的概念”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章为解答下列哪个问题提供了充足的信息？”文章第二段提到“然而在资本主义制度下，赚钱能力使其拥有者获得机会所有其他类型的社会福利，比如他人的尊重和自尊”（Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”，suchastherespectandesteemofothers）；文章第三段提到“据此，沃尔则将资本主义描述为金钱（或赚钱能力）的暴政”（Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)），由此可知选项A“沃尔则认为自由资本主义下高估了的那些品质”符合题意。

6.单选题

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof（）andfairnessasareliablefriend.

问题1选项

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】robustness健壮性,坚固性;temperament气质,性格,性情;integrity正直;compactness紧密,坚实。句意：他们一直把正直而公平的人视作可靠的朋友。

7.单选题

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded（

）27%.

问题1选项

A.by

B.for

C.to

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】介词辨析题。expandby“增加了”；expandfor“扩展为”；expandto“增加到”；expandin“在……中增加”。

句意：在1974年到1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27%。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

It’s（）intheregulationthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.

问题1选项

A.laidupon

B.laidout

C.laidup

D.laiddown

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。layupon随…而定,

把重点放在；layout展示,

安排；layup贮存,

搁置,

卧床不起；laydown放下,

制定,

铺设,

主张。句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

AlfredNobel,thefamousSwedishchemistwhofoundedtheNobelPrize,wasbornintoafamilywhereresearchandexperimentationwerealmostsecondnature.HisfatherImmanuel,outofworkandpenniless,testedhistheoriesofexplosivesinalaboratorysetupintheirhouse.Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor.

AlfredNobelworkedalongsidehisfather,andby1850whenhewas17,Alfredhadacquiredmostofhisfather’sknowledgeofandenthusiasmforchemistry.Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine,Alfredwastheonewhofinallymanagedtoturnthisdangeroussubstanceintoasafeandusefulexplosive.Hesucceededindevelopingdynamitecommercially,whichlaidthefoundationformanyoftheworld’sleadingchemicalenterprises.AsidefromintroducingtheinnovativeNobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell.

AlfredNobelwasadedicatedscientistwhobecameveryrichapplyinghisknowledgeofchemistry.Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterialledhimtoleavesomeofhismillionstorewardindividualswhomadesubstantialcontributionstocertainareasofscience.Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutAlfredNobel’sfatherImmanuel?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepowerofnitroglycerine（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutAlfredNobelcanbedrawnfromthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,AlfredNobelmadeimportantprogressindevelopingallofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAlfredNobellaterviewedhisinventionofdynamite（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hewasneverabletocapitalizeonhisworkinchemistry.

B.Hewasnotinstrumentalindevelopinghisson’senthusiasmforchemistry.

C.Heturnedhisknowledgeofchemistryintoaprofitablebusiness.

D.HesharedintheworkofhissonAlfred.

问题2选项

A.wasfirstrecognizedbyImmanuelNobel

B.wasneverutilizedwellbychemicalenterprises

C.wasmostfullydevelopedbyAlfredNobel

D.layinitsintrigueformanyscientists

问题3选项

A.Histalentslayalmostexclusivelyintheareaofexplosives.

B.Hewasreluctanttobequeathalargepartofhiswealthtowardspromotingscientificresearch.

C.Hechosetoworkindependentlyofotherscientists.

D.Hewasamajorcontributortotherapidprogressinchemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury.

问题4选项

A.nitrocellulose

B.rubberandleather

C.syntheticsilk

D.safetyalarmdevices

问题5选项

A.withmuchconcernforitsnegativeeffectsonmankind

B.asaminorachievementinhislongcareer

C.withsatisfactionregardingitsimpactonchemicalenterprises

D.asanaturaloutgrowthofhisfather'straining

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项关于诺贝尔父亲的描述是正确的？”文章第一段最后一句提到“不幸的是，老诺贝尔并未能用自己天生的发明精神来完成这项伟大的事业”（Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor），因此选项A符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知硝化甘油是什么？”文章第二段提到“尽管硝化甘油一直吸引了很多其他科学家的目光”（Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine），因此选项D符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项关于诺贝尔的总结可以从文章中得出？”文章最后一段最后一句提到“他将化学包括在那些尤其是从19世纪末以来为这个领域带来了进步的分支中”（Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield），因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，诺贝尔在很多领域起了很大作用，除了下列哪项？”文章倒数第二段提到“诺贝尔申请了355项专利，包括硝化纤维、皮革和橡胶的替代品，他研究出一种生产合成丝的好方法，还参与到电化学、通讯以及安全警报系统的研究中”（NobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell），由此可知，选项D符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可以知道诺贝尔后期对炸药的看法是什么？”文章最后一段提到“他对创造一种有潜在致命危险的材料感到愧疚……”（Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterial…），选项A“担心它对人类有消极影响”符合题意。

10.单选题

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

问题2选项

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

问题3选项

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

问题4选项

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

问题5选项

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B:Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书，解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的机场开始安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。

第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而，伴随软件试用结果出现，该软件的光彩逐渐消逝，无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么，Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法，这个系统的致命缺点是什么?A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出: