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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西省财政税务专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper()itclosely.

问题1选项

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下,分词作状语时,应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系),否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语,来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构,用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。由此可见,本题的正确答案是B选项。copperfollowingitclosely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。(独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语,或名词性短语,或形容词性短语,或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver,但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如:Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介词短语inhand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he,所以bookinhand为独立主格结构。)。句意:银是最好的导体,铜与之非常接近。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.单选题

Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpointswewon’tget(

)nearasolution.

问题1选项

A.somewhere

B.nowhere

C.anywhere

D.everywhere

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。somewhere“某个地方”;getsomewhere“有进展,有结果”;nowhere“无处;任何地方”;getnowhere“无进展;无结果”;anywhere“任何地方”;everywhere“每个地方”。句意:如果我们继续为小事争吵的话,我们找不到任何解决问题的方法。由前半句的假设的内容可推知不好的结果。答案C

3.单选题

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan()moreinlesstime.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:complement“补足”;B:implement“实施”;C:;compliment“恭维”;D:accomplish“完成”。句意:通过调整你的心理状态,你能在更短的时间里完成更多任务。结合句意,故D为正确答案。

4.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso£groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat().

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton().

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause().

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey().

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道没有了欢喜也没了快乐,没有了焦虑也没了恐惧,人们可能很难存活。他们有可能重复伤害自己的行为,却认为这是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因为没有情感的世界里根本不存在奖惩,所以人们无法学习。反之,如果因为做了正确的事情而得到了奖励,那么人们就可能会学习。所以选项A符合原文内容。

3.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社会的经济基础将被摧毁:因为没有任何形式的激励。所以,社会经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”选项B符合原文。

5.根据原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面构造了世界。作为个体,我们会根据自己的情绪来分类物品。由此可见,情感可以帮助我们适应周围的世界,选项D符合原文。

5.单选题

Itisrather(

)thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”;B选项boring“无聊的,无趣的”;C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的,令人为难的”;D选项demanding“要求高的,要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday(我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种)”可知C选项符合语境。句意:我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种,这是相当令人尴尬的。

6.单选题

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.

3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery

问题2选项

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies

C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression

问题3选项

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.

问题4选项

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要关注________。

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主张回归旧方法

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解释一种新理论的重要性

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列举两种广泛使用的方法之间的差异

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件导致的发现

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段指出最近的一项理论(recenttheory),并且点出这一理论具有相当大的实际意义(hasconsiderablepracticalimportance);第二段点出这一理论帮助寻找地下矿物(takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors),从理论中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型;第三段具体讲勘探人员如何使用这些模型,和第二段是递进的关系。综上所述,这一文章讲的是这个新理论对于实际开采矿物的重要性,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“主张回归旧方法”:文章花了大量篇幅在讲新理论和新方法,主张采用新方法,而不是旧方法,属于反向干扰;

C选项“列举两种广泛使用的方法之间的差异”:这两种方法是以前广泛使用和现在广泛使用的差别,而且主要不是在比较这两种方法的差异,属于曲解原文;

D选项“描述是什么事件导致的发现”:文章没有提到新理论是如何得出的,属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章认为,人们认为太古代金石英脉系统________。

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由变质流体形成

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花岗岩状体

C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由冲积物形成

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表现

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词widelyheld定位到第一段第二句,该处讲到“人们普遍持有的观点就是这些太古代金石英脉是由变质流体沉积的(depositedfrommetamorphicfluids)。”,结合选项,A选项符合文章内容,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“起源于熔融花岗岩状体”:对应第一段第一句“根据最近的一项理论(recenttheory),太古代金石英脉系统是在20亿年前由岩浆流体形成的(formedover...frommagmaticfluids)。”,可知这不是人们普遍认为的,而是最新理论认为的,属于偷换概念;

C选项“由冲积物形成”:对应第一段第二句“这些系统是由变质流体沉积的,即由湿的沉积岩脱水过程(duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks)中形成的流体沉积(fluidsthatformed)的。”,可知不是冲积物,而是沉积岩脱水形成的,属于偷换概念;

D选项“一般有地表表现”:对应第一段最后一句“但大多数尚未发现的矿床都没有被发现,因为它们被埋在地下,没有地表表现(havenosurfaceexpression)。”,可知人们认为太古代金石英脉系统没有地表表现,属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?这篇文章暗示,想要最大限度地提高发现黄金的机会,勘探人员首先会采取下列哪一步?

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.调查几个已知形成于200万年前的遗址。

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.将勘探限制在已知由变质流体形成的地点。

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合适的概念模型选择场地进行进一步勘探。

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面积的岩石。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒数一、二句,该处讲到“为了最大限度地增加发现金子的机会(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人员必须特别注意选择最有可能矿化的地层(selectingthegroundformations)。这种地面选择在不同程度上依赖于概念模型(reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels),这些模型考虑了相关因素的理论研究。”,可知勘探人员需要依赖于概念模型,选择合适的场地进行勘探,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“调查几个已知形成于200万年前的遗址”:文中没有提到形成于200万年前的遗址,属于无中生有;

B选项“将勘探限制在已知由变质流体形成的地点”和D选项“使用地球物理方法分析大面积的岩石”:对应第二段第二、三句“目前广泛使用的方法包括分析航空图像以获得广泛的地质概况(geologicaloverview),使用地球物理技术(geophysicaltechniques)得出所调查岩石的磁性、电性和矿物学性质数据……但是,如果应用这些高技术方法的地点从未矿化,这些方法就没有任何价值(noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue)。”,可知这两种方法适用于已经矿化的地方,不适用于未经矿化的地方,不能最大程度地发现金子,属于本末倒置。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?关于发现金矿的陈述,下列哪项文中有信息支持?

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新发现的金矿产量不太可能达到最初淘金热时期的水平。

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在简单找矿方法作为新发现金矿来源的应用问题上,现代探索者们存在分歧。

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于岩浆流体理论的模型,人们发现了新的金矿。

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新发现的金矿很可能是定位埋藏矿物的勘探技术的结果。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第二段,该处讲到“勘探的挑战是了解某地区的地下地质状况,并且查明埋藏矿物的位置(pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals)。”,紧接着提到各项勘探技术,可知找到金矿需要定位埋藏矿物的地方,并且需要勘探技术,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“新发现的金矿产量不太可能达到最初淘金热时期的水平”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有;

B选项“在简单找矿方法作为新发现金矿来源的应用问题上,现代探索者们存在分歧”:对应第二段倒数第二句“但是,如果应用这些高技术方法的地点从未矿化,这些方法就没有任何价值,因此,为了最大限度地增加发现金子的机会(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人员必须特别注意选择最有可能矿化的地层。”,这里的两种方法不是相互对立,可以同时使用,属于偷换概念;

C选项“基于金起源于岩浆流体理论的模型,人们发现了新的金矿”:文章没有提到这个模型让人们新发现了金矿,属于无中生有。

7.单选题

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.

Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.

Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.

Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.

ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.

Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.

Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.

3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.

4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreason

B.naturalknowledgeofareligion

C.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion

D.someoneelse’sreligion

问题2选项

A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeing

B.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise

C.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefully

D.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations

问题3选项

A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge

B.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones

C.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife

D.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition

问题4选项

A.TheGreatReligionsonEarth

B.IngredientsofSuperstition

C.ReligionandSuperstition

D.AchieveUnitywithGod

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章,人们把迷信定义为……”。根据第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.(归根结底,人们认为在别人的宗教中他们认为不合理的东西是迷信的)可知,C项“在另一个人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正确;A项“一些不是基于理性的宗教知识”是字典上对于迷信的定义,并不是人们的定义;B项“宗教的自然知识”这属于宗教信仰建立的基础;D项“其他人的宗教”没有提到。因此,该题选择C项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者,世界上所有伟大的宗教……”。根据第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.(世界上所有伟大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中国佛教和伊斯兰教—都向人们展示了通往这种勇气的道路,以及由此产生的心灵和平与所有人的和平)可知,A项“带来内心的平和,以及与他人之间的平和”正确;B项“提出更好的生活,并承诺在西天永生”和D项“敦促他们的追随者达到更高的化身”该段没有提到;由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife(它们预示着一种更好的生活,大多是另一个地方的生活,或者至少,结束了今生的烦恼)可知,C项“给他们的信徒勇气,让他们平静地活着和死去”与原文不符。因此,该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“从文章中我们得知,无神论者……”。根据倒数第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.(不可知论者和无神论者都能摆脱迷信吗?几乎不能。每个有思想的人都有一种天生的宗教倾向,一种超越世俗的理想倾向)可知,D项“事实上并不能摆脱迷信”正确;A项“很少或没有宗教知识”没有提到;B项“有超越世俗的理想”不够全面;根据倒数第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.(如果他打破了自己的自然倾向,那就是上帝启发的理想,他很可能会用一系列自我启发的理想或某种流行的占星术来代替,这将成为他的宗教)可知,C项“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主义的理想的占星家”中的唯物主义理想并没有提到。因此,该题选择D项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“在以下建议的标题中,最准确地总结了这篇文章的是……”。文章开篇先阐述了迷信的定义,这个概念和宗教有关,然后又讲述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想,并在文章的最后总结了迷信和宗教的区别:Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.(宗教和迷信之间有一条界线,每个人都必须学会辨别这条界线,否则就会失去人生的真正方向);综合推断,C项“宗教和迷信”最适合做文章的标题;A项“地球上最伟大的宗教”、B项“迷信的成分”和D项“与神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此,该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Shecan’twaitfortheman.

B.Sheisveryeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwiththeman.

D.Sheexpectsthemantostay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HoneyI’mleavingtonightandgettotheUnitedStatesat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.

W:Woo,woo,Ican’twaittoseeyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】固定搭配。Can’twaittoseesb.的意思是:迫不及待想见某人。

9.单选题

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere(

).

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

问题1选项

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

问题2选项

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

问题3选项

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

问题4选项

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

问题5选项

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”这句转折性的话语,提出了本文主要讨论的问题是“18世纪殖民地房屋设计的改进”。故正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世纪发生变化,根据第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses随着财富的增加,越来越多的殖民者建造比较精美的房屋”,由此可知,因为殖民者的财富增加,他们可以花更多的钱在建筑房屋上面,所以建筑风格发生了一定的变化。故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地还不是一项专门的职业,房屋设计或者由业余设计师来做,或者由那些承担从英国进口的建筑手册的翻译任务的木匠来做。”由此可知,18世纪的房屋设计主要由木匠来负责。选项D为正确答案。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句话“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世纪的70年代前大多数家庭建筑都展现了品味上广泛的不同,以及这些书中的规则在运用上的自由。”这里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手册”,由此可知,这些建筑手册上的记载的规则并没有被严格遵守,而是自由地运用。故正确答案选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后,殖民地报纸上开始出现风景画形式的壁纸风格广告”,由此推断,在此之前,风景画式的壁纸还没有广泛使用。故正确答案选C。

10.单选题

Itwassoscorchinglyhotthatthewaterdropletsfallingonitdidn’tstayatall.Theyjust().

问题1选项

A.evacuated

B.evaporated

C.eliminated

D.escaped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuated“疏散;撤出”;B选项evaporated“蒸发;消失”;C选项eliminated“消除;排除”;D选项escaped“逃离;逃脱”。句意:天这么热,掉下来的水滴一点儿都没留下,都……了。水滴在阳光的炙热下会蒸发掉。因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto()anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.

问题1选项

A.invade

B.install

C.insert

D.inject

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。invade侵入;install安装;insert插入,镶入;inject注射。句意:Mr.Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。

12.翻译题

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostotherco

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