考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Nooneis（

）aboutStephens;heinspireseitheruncriticaladulationorprofoundantipathyinthosewhoworkforhim.

问题1选项

A.neutral

B.infuriated

C.anxiety

D.consternation

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项neutral“中立的”；B选项infuriated“激怒的；狂怒的”；C选项anxiety“焦虑；挂念”；D选项consternation“惊恐；惊慌失措”。句意：没有人······斯蒂芬斯;在为他工作的人中间，他要么受到不加批判的奉承，要么引起深深的反感。“奉承”和“反感”可认为是两个极端，因此从情感色彩上来说，没有人对斯蒂芬持有“中立”的态度，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates

vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.

问题1选项

A.assembled

B.accommodated

C.accumulated

D.appreciated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assembled“装配，组合”；accommodated“安排，为……提供住宿”；accumulated“积累”；appreciated“欣赏”。句意：上世纪70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油国家通过出售石油获得了巨额财富。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It'snowa"globalvillage"wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills

Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpsupportdomesticbusinessefforts.

Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing"outofsightandoutofmind."Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorswillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedSateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,evensmallbusinessesintheUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalmarkets.

Englishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanotherlanguage.Asecondlanguageisn'tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedgewhenotherqualificationsappeartobeequal.

Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhightechcommunicationsequipment?

2.Withtheincreaseduseofhigh-techcommunicationsequipment,businesspeople（）.

3.Inthispassage,"outofsightandoutofmind"(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanimportantconsiderationofinternationalcorporationsinemployingpeopletoday?

5.Theadvantageofemployeeshavingforeignlanguageskillsisthattheycan（）.

问题1选项

A.Critical

B.Indifferent

C.Prejudiced

D.Positive

问题2选项

A.havetogetfamiliarwithmoderntechnology

B.aregainingmoreeconomicbenefitsfromdomesticoperations

C.areattachingmoreimportancetotheiroverseasbusiness

D.areeagertoworkoverseas

问题3选项

A.beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofinsight

B.beingtotallyoutoftouchwithbusinessathome

C.missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroad

D.leavingallcareandworthybehind

问题4选项

A.Connectionswithbusinessoverseas

B.Abilitytospeaktheclient'slanguage.

C.Technicalknowledge

D.Businessexperience

问题5选项

A.bettercontrolthewholenegotiationprocess

B.easilyfindnewapproachestomeetmarketneeds

C.fast-forwardtheirproposalstoheadquarters

D.easilymakefriendswithbusinesspeopleabroad

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项“积极肯定的”。文章第一段提到“...ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。

2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。

3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”；B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对"outofsightandoutofmind."的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。

4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到“Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。

5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。

4.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

问题1选项

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。如果句子主语是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等词，后面的表语从句中要用到虚拟语气：should+动词原形的结构。这里should可以省略，句意为，对于硕士学位的要求之一是：学生应该通过论文答辩。分析四个选项，B最符合题意。

5.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形针，图钉和安金扣针全都散落在地板上。

考查动词辨析。四个选型都是对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得乱七八糟;spray喷洒;separate使分离。因此A符合句意。

6.单选题

Wehavehasamarvelousholiday.Onlythelasttwodayswereslightly（）byweather.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项damage“损害”；B选项enhance“提高、增强”；C选项spoil“破坏、掠夺”；D选项diminish“减少、缩小”，句意为：我们度过了一个美好的假期。只有最后两天因为天气有点扫兴。C选项符合句意。

7.单选题

An“obviousandstrikingfeatureofthelatetwentiethcenturyworld,”notesSallyPriceinherbookPrimitiveArtinCivilizedPlaces,istheaccessibilityofitsdiverseculturestothosewhoenjoymembershipinWesternsociety.”Westernerscantravelwithrelativeeasetoeventheremotestcomersofhumancivilizationorstayathomeandwatchexoticimagesofworlddiversityonthetelevisionandmoviescreen.Theworldmarketsystemassuresthosewhohavethefinancialresourcesthattheycanbuyjustaboutanythingfromanywhere.Heidegger,alsothinkingonthisphenomenon,says,“Yetthefranticabolitionofalldistancesbringsnonearness;fornearnessdoesnotconsistinshortnessofdistance.Whatisleastremotefromusinpointofdistance,byvirtueofitspictureonfilmoritssoundontheradio,canremainfarfromus.Whatisincalculablyfarfromusinpointofdistancecanbeneartous.”Westerntechnologyandthemarketeconomyareshrinkingtheworld,bringingtheWestclosertootherpeoples,andotherpreviouslyaccessibleregionsoftheearth.YetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedtheWesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.Onthecontrary,theexpansionoftheWestandtheresultant“smallworld”isstill,asincolonialdays,primarilyamovementofdomination.Itdependsontheexploitationofthelandandorganiclife,andtheexploitationofthelaborandlivesofthemajorityoftheearth’speoples.Becausetheoppressionsoftheearth,ofwomen,andofthosewhodonotbelongto“theabstractdominantnon-group”calledwhitesareintimatelyrelatedandreinforceoneanother,caringforwomenandfortheearthcannotbeseparatedfromcaringfordiversehumancommunities.

Westerneconomicdevelopment,VandanaShivaexplains,issupposedtobeamodelofprogressfortheso-calledThirdWorldthatwouldimproveproductivityandgrowth.However,westerndevelopment,ascapitalaccumulationandcommercializationoftheeconomyforthegenerationofsurplusandvariousandasnaturalresourceutilization,emergedinthecontextofcolonization,industrialization,andcapitalistgrowth.Thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.Westernso-calleddevelopmentinThirdWorldcountrieshasgeneratedprofitofvariousmultinationalcorporations,createdinternalcolonialism,underminedsustainablelifestyles,destroyedlocalecologiesandhas,asaresult,createdtruematerialproperty.

Fromawesternperspective,ifapeopledonotanticipateinthemarketeconomyanddonotconsumewestern-stylecommoditiesproducedforanddistributedthroughthemarket,theyareregardedaslivinginpoverty.Because,moreover,fromawesternperspective,productionanddevelopmenttakeplaceonlywhenmediatedbytechnologiesforcommodityproductionandprofit,suchpeoplesareconsideredunderdevelopedandunproductive.However,formostindigenouspeoples,forexample,maintaininganecologicallybalancedconnectiontotheirlandismuchmoreessentialtotheirbeingandculturethantheland’smonetaryvalueanditssocallednaturalresources.

1.What’sHeidegger’scommenton“nearness”inpassage1?

2.Theattitudeofwesternerstoculturaloruncultureddifferenceinotherpeoplesisthatof.

3.WhatisVandanaShiva’sviewaboutwesterneconomicdevelopment?

4.Theunderlinedword“indigenous”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Itisdistance-oriented.

B.Itisvisualoratleastauditory.

C.Itisaphenomenonofglobalization.

D.Itisnotageographicalconcept.

问题2选项

A.rejection

B.open-mindedness

C.detest

D.appreciation

问题3选项

A.Itshouldbeamodelofprogressforallthedevelopedcountries.

B.It.wouldbebalancingprofitandproductioninanecologicalway.

C.ItmaynotbeadaptabletotheThirdWorldcountries.

D.Itcouldbeadisasterforpeopleinthemarketeconomy.

问题4选项

A.intelligent

B.local

C.diligent

D.bewildered

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段Heidegger的描述:疯狂地消除一切距离并不能带来接近;因为接近并不等于距离近。就距离而言,最不遥远的东西,凭借它在胶片上的影像或在收音机里的声音,可以离我们很远;距离我们远得无法计算的东西,可能就在我们身边。也就是说,接近它不是一个地理概念,无法用距离衡量。所以选项D符合原文。

2.根据第一段“YetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedtheWesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.”这一激动人心的全球变化并没有让西方世界接受这一差异,无论是地球上的非人类差异,还是非西方民族的文化差异。也就是说,西方人的态度是拒绝的。选项A正确。

3.根据第二段倒数第二句“Thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.”这种经济发展的概念被错误地普及和运用到完全不同的环境中,试图满足独立世界人民的基本需要,以致于造成了灾难性的后果。选项D符合原文。

4.根据上文连续提及两次“fromawesternperspective”以及转折词“However”可知,前面均是西方人的看法,再根据上下文内容可推测“indigenouspeoples”指的是当地的人,土著人。选项B正确。

8.单选题

ThekeywordsFranciswroteonthebackofanoldletter,“TheStarSpangledBanner''becamethenational（）oftheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.song

B.hymn

C.anthem

D.motto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:弗朗西斯在一封旧信的背面写下的关键词“星条旗之歌”后来成为了美国的国歌。

考查名词辨析。song歌曲;hymn赞美诗;anthem圣歌，颂歌；motto座右铭。四个选项中，A符合句意。

9.单选题

Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

问题1选项

A.compelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项“迫使，强迫”；B选项“形成，摆姿势”；C选项“压迫”；D选项“引诱，吸引”。句意：董事会主席（）我干一件不愉快的工作，就是解雇公司负担不起的优秀员工。根据关键词unpleasantjob，这里选择“强迫”更加符合语境，可以排除B，D；compel一般和to搭配，而且后面接的宾语一般指人，指物的话需要用被动语态。presssthonsb“勉强某人接受”，这句话中press后面接的宾语过长，放在句子中间会造成头重脚轻，所以把宾语后置了。

10.翻译题

铁棒成针李白是中国唐朝的一位大诗人。

传说，他小时候很贪玩，怕困难，读书进步很慢。

有一天，李白放学回家，路过一条小河边，看见一位老婆婆正在磨一根很粗很粗的铁棒。他觉得很奇怪，就走到老婆婆跟前问：

“老婆婆，您磨这根铁棒干什么?”

老婆婆说：“磨成针。”

这时候，李白更觉得奇怪了，又问：

“这么粗的铁棒，您怎么能磨成针呢?”

老婆婆告诉他说：

“能，一定能！只要功夫深，铁棒就能磨成针。”

李白听了老婆婆的话，心里忽然明白了。

从此，李白刻苦读书，进步很快。后来，他终于成了一位有名的诗人。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】

GrindIronRodIntoNeedle11.单选题

Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof______standards.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.equivalent（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的B.alike相像；十分相似

C.uniform一致的；统一的D.likely可能的；预料的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子可知，mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotels（大多数小旅馆比酒店便宜）用到了比较级，而比较通常是在同等的条件下进行，所以空格处应该表示“相同的”，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】尽管他们的服务很好，大多数小旅馆比同等标准的酒店便宜。

12.单选题

Manystudentsfind（

）jobsduringtheirsummerholidays.

问题1选项

A.contemptible

B.temperate

C.temporary

D.contemporary

【答案】C

【解析】contemptible卑劣的，可轻视的；temperate温和的，适度的；temporary暂时的，临时的；contemporary当代的,同时代的。根据句意可知，这里指临时的工作，选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项inlinewith“与……一致”；B选项forthesakeof“为了”；C选项incaseof“以防万一”；D选项attheriskof“冒着……的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学______交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项incaseof“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Recently,theUnitedStatesFishandwildlifeServiceannounceditwoulddesignate“criticalhabitat”fortheendangeredjaguarintheUnitedStatesandtakethefirststepstowardcommandingajaguarrecoveryplan.Thisisapolicyreversal(therewaspreciousdecisionfromthemnottodeterminecriticalhabitatforthejaguar)and,onthesurface,itmayappeartobeavictoryfortheconservationcommunityandforjaguars,thelargestwildcatsintheWesternHemisphere.Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.

DesignatingjaguarhabitatmeansthatFishandWildlifemustnowalsoformulatearecoveryplanforthejaguar.Butjaguarshavenotbeenabletoreestablishthemselvesnaturallyoverthepastcentury,thegovernmentwilllikelyhavetogotosignificantexpensetoattempttobringthemback—especiallyifthecatshavetobereintroduced.

Sowhynotdoeverythingwecanatwhatevercost,tobringjaguarsbackintotheUnitedStates?Tobeginwith,theAmericanSouthwestis,atbest,marginalhabitatfortheanimals.Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder,fromMexicotoArgentina,thousandsofjaguarsliveandbreedintheirtruecriticalhabitat.GovernmentsandconservationgroupsarealreadyworkinghardtoconservejaguarpopulationsandconnectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.

ThejaguarsthatnowandthencrossintotheUnitedStatesmostlikelycomefromthenorthernmostpopulationofjaguars,inSonora,Mexico.Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.

TherecentmovebytheFishandwildlifeServicemeansthatthesparsefederalfundsdevotedtoprotectingwildanimalswillbewastedoneffortsthatcannothelpsavejaguars.Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakentheEndangeredSpeciesAct,becauseifcriticalhabitatisredefinedasanyplacewhereaspeciesmighteverhaveexisted,andwhereyouorImightwantittoexistagain,thenthedoorisopenformanyothersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.

TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

7.Toachievejaguarrecovery,authoritiesprobablyneedto（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmeasuresshouldwetaketokeepjaguar’snumber?

9.WhatdoestheauthorconcernmostabouttheFishandWildlifeService’snewdecision?

10.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheFishandWildlifeService（）.

问题1选项

A.Designatingcriticalhabitatisavictoryfortheconservationcommunity.

B.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationdoesnotfollowthelawofscience.

C.Todesignatecriticalhabitatisthefirststepofajaguarrecoveryplan.

D.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationshowsthepolicyreversalofanimalprotection.

问题2选项

A.startanewinitiativetoconservejaguar’spopulation

B.raisethenumberofjaguar’scriticalhabitat

C.investasubstantialamountofmoney

D.reversetheiroriginalpolicyofjaguar

问题3选项

A.ToreintroducejaguarsintoAmerica.

B.Toprotectjaguar’struehabitat.

C.ToconstructmorenewhabitatinAmerica.

D.Toinvestmorefederalfundsforjaguars.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment’sjaguarprotectioneffortsmaybewasted

B.Wemaylosejaguar’struehabitatcompletelyinAmerica.

C.Thismayincurappealstoreintroduceotherlong-lastanimals.

D.Thedefinitionofcriticalhabitatmayhavetoberewritten.

问题5选项

A.failedtoinsistontheircorrectdecision

B.mainlyfocusesonjaguar’sconservation

C.hasformulatedaplanforjaguar’sreintroduction

D.spendsmoremoneytopreservejaguarthanithas

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】6.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.（但是作为一个研究了近三十年的美洲虎的人，我可以告诉你，这不过是对好科学的一记耳光。）前面作者说到，“表面上是一个胜利”，而后一句就否定了，因此在作者看来他是不支持这个新栖息地指定的，因此B选项“关键栖息地的指定并不遵循科学规律”正确。A选项“指定关键栖息地是保护团体的胜利”，作者认为这只是表面的；C选项“确定关键栖息地是美洲豹恢复计划的第一步”，作者没有说明；D选项“关键栖息地的确定表明了动物保护政策的逆转”，这是作者的反讽。

7.判断推理题。在第三段中Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder...connectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.（更重要的是，有更好的方法来帮助美洲虎。从墨西哥到阿根廷，我们边界以南，成千上万的美洲虎生活在它们真正重要的栖息地，它们生活和繁殖。各国政府和保护组织已经在努力保护美洲虎种群，并通过一项名为“捷豹走廊”的倡议，将它们相互联系起来。）以及后面的weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我们应该帮助墨西哥和其他美洲虎国家保护这些动物真正的栖息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我国。）可以看出，在作者看来现在最关键的是这个政策并不对，因此D选项“改变他们原来对美洲虎的政策”正确。A选项“开始一项保护美洲虎种群的新计划”，这个是正在做的，而不是作者的观点；B选项“增加美洲虎的关键栖息地数量”，是作者所不同意的，作者认为重点不是数量，而是找到真正适合它们居住的地方；C选项“投资一大笔钱”，这个是之后可能会需要的，而不是当务之急。

8.判断推理题。B选项“保护美洲虎真正的栖息地”在倒数第三段Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我们应该帮助墨西哥和其他美洲虎国家保护这些动物真正的栖息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我国。）因此B选项符合题意。A选项“将美洲虎重新引入美洲”在刚刚这句话中已经否定了，Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry（而不是要求美洲虎返回我国）；因此C选项在“美国建造更多的新栖息地”，也是不正确的；D选项“为美洲虎投入更多的联邦资金”，这个是有提到，但是并没有说是现在Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.（否则，当需要资金来保护排在后面的所有这些小的、丑陋的、不吸引人的濒危物种时，可能就没有钱了。）

9.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakenthe...othersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.（最重要的是，这也会削弱《濒危物种法》，因为如果将关键栖息地重新定义为某个物种可能存在的任何地方，并且你或我可能希望它再次存在，那么，这扇门将为许多其他毫无意义的努力打开，以找回长期丢失的生物。）而在作者看来栖息地的定义非常重要，因为这就决定了美洲虎可以在什么地方被保护，因此他认为这项新决定最大的影响就是改变了栖息地的定义，因此D选项“关键栖息地的定义可能必须重写”正确。A选项“政府保护美洲虎的努力可能白费了”，过于笼统；B选项“我们可能会在美国完全失去美洲虎真正的栖息地”，这不是作者的观点；C选项“这可能招致重新引进其他寿命较长的动物的呼吁”，无关项。

10.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到到最后一段第一句TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.（负责保护国家野生动物的鱼类和野生动物官员需要培养一个更强壮的骨干，坚持他们原来正确的决定，并为更有用的保护工作节省资金。）通过这句话我们可以发现，他们应该是之前没有能够坚持正确的决定，因此A选项“未能坚持自己的正确决定”正确。B选项“主要关注美洲虎的保护”没有体现；C选项“已经为美洲虎的重新引入制定了计划”，错误；D选项“花在保护美洲虎上的钱比实际的要多”，与文章正好相反。

15.单选题

Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimalestablishesanarea.Thesizeoftheareaissufficienttoprovidefoodforhim,hismateandtheiroffspring.Migratingbirds,forexample,usedupthebestterritoryintheorderof“firstcome,first（1）.”Thelatearrivalsmayacquire（2）territories,butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretooclosetothe（3）oftheenemiesofthespecies.（4）thereisreallyinsufficientfoodorthedangerisverygreat,theanimalwillnot（5）.Inthisway,themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.Whenthereisconflict（6）territory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce,orashowofforce,todecidewhichwillstayandwhichwillgo.Itisinterestingtonote,（7），thatanimalsseemtouseonlytheminimumamountofforce（8）todriveawaytheintruder.Thereisusuallynokilling.Inthecaseofthoseani¬malswhicharecapableof（9）eachothergreatharm,（10）isasystemforthelosinganimaltoshowthewinninganimalthathewishestosubmit.Whenheshowsthis,thevictornormallystopsfighting.

问题1选项

A.use

B.serve

C.served

D.used

问题2选项

A.larger

B.better

C.smaller

D.worse

问题3选项

A.caves

B.nests

C.residences

D.habitats

问题4选项

A.Neither

B.If

C.Since

D.Because

问题5选项

A.breed

B.produce

C.mate

D.compete

问题6选项

A.for

B.over

C.with

D.by

问题7选项

A.moreover

B.henceforth

C.however

D.yet

问题8选项

A.compulsory

B.essential

C.necessary

D.vital

问题9选项

A.doing

B.made

C.given

D.sending

问题10选项

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.there

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】（1）考查上下文语义。根据上下文，迁徙的候鸟按先到先得的顺序占用领地，所以firstcome,firstserve符合文章意思。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查上下文语义。根据下文“butlessfoodisavailable”，可以推断这块领土面积更大，但是食物较少，larger和less形成对比。选项A符合题意。

（3）名词词义辨析。cave“洞穴”；nest“鸟巢”；residence“人的住处”；habitat“动物柄息地”。根据文意，这些领地离敌对物种的栖息地较近。选项D符合题意。

（4）考查上下文语义，如果食物太少或者领地太危险，这些动物是不会交配的。选项B符合题意。

（5）考查上下文语义。根据下文“themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.”不那么容易适应环境的物种就不会有后代，可推断出谈论的动物的交配问题。选项C符合题意。

（6）介词辨析。根据上下文，如果在领土方面存在冲突，动物们通常会使用武力决定谁走谁留。选项B符合题意。

（7）考查上下文语义。根据上文“animalswillcommonlyuseforce”和下文“theminimumamountofforce”，可知动物用武力占据领地，用最少的武力赶走入侵者，所以前后形成对比，有转折的关系。选项C符合题意。

（8）形容词词义辨析。compulsory“义务的”；essential“基本的，实质的”；vital“重大的，至关重要的”；necessary“必要的”句意：动物往往在必要的时候用最小的武力来驱赶侵略者。选项C符合题意。

（9）考查固定搭配。dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人造成伤害，句意：对于那些能够相互造成巨大伤害的动物，有一种方式，可以让输的动物向赢的动物表明顺从的意愿。选项A符合题意。

（10）考查语法知识。therebe为固定用法，表示“某地有某物”，选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Thecomputerdoesn't（）humanthought;itreachesthesameendsbydifferentmeans.

问题1选项

A.flunk

B.renew

C.succumb

D.mimic

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。flunk“失败，放弃，考试不及格”；renew“使更新，使复原，使恢复”；succumb“屈服，屈从，死”；mimic“模仿”。句意：计算机没有模仿人类思维；它依靠不同的方法达到同样的效果。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Theautomobile'sexhaustsystem（

）foul-smellingfumes.

问题1选项

A.Attracted

B.condensed

C.absorbed

D.emitted

【答案】D

【解析】attract吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb吸收，使……全神贯注；emit发出，排放，放射。句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。选项D符合句意。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsinfoEnglish

花些力气教会孩子们良好的花钱习惯是非常值得的，因其带来的好处是使他们受益一生的。没有受过这些金钱教育的孩子们将一辈子为此付出代价。有些：父母不和子女谈论金钱，因为他们觉得不应该和小孩子谈论金钱，觉得没有时间，或者是认为他们没有足够的钱。作为父母，不论他们的收入如何都应该花时间教导子女有关钱的问题。大部分人对金钱所持有的固有的感受和看法都是基于儿时的经历以及家庭的价值观和信念。多数情况下，每个父母的这些经历、价值观和信念都是不同的。父母谈论这些感受和看法并建立起一条前后一致的：树立子女金钱观的途径对于孩子的健康成长非常重要。

【答案】It’sworthyoftakingefforttoteachchildrengoodhabitofspending,whichwillbebenefitfortheirwholelife.Thosechildrenwhoarenottaughttheselessonswillpaytheconsequencesforalife-time.Someparentsdon’tteachtheirchildrenaboutmoneybecausetheythinktheyshouldn’ttalkaboutmoneywithchildrenandtheydon’thavetime,ortheythinktheydon’thaveenoughmoney.Asparents,theyshouldteachchildrenaboutmoneyregardlessoftheirincome.Mostpeople‘sfeelingandopinionsaboutmoneyarebasedonchildhoodexperiencesandthevalueandbeliefsoftheirfamilies.Inmostcases,everyparenthasdifferentexperiences,valuesandbeliefs.Itisveryimportantforthehealthydevelopmentofchildrenthatparentstalkaboutthesefeelingsandopinionsandestablishaconsistentapproachtoteachtheirchildrenaboutmoney.

19.单选题

Justabout40%ofemployeesandmanagersinaNorthAmericansurveysaidtheyknowhowtheycanincreasetheirbasepayorcashbonuses.Theresultssuggestemployerslosemuchofthevalueofthepayraisesandbonusestheydistributebynotcommunicatingeffectively.“Manyemployeesandmanagerssimplydon’tunderstandwhytheygetpaidwhattheydo,”pointsoutRobHeneman,professorofmanagementandhumanresources,OhioStateUniversity,Columbus.“Businessescan’tgetagoodreturnoftheircompensationinvestmentifpeopledon’tunderstandhowtheirpayisdetermined.”

Thesurveyofmorethan6,000managersandemployeesin26organizationsintheU.S.andCanadashowedthatemployeesandmanagersfelttheiremployersdidagoodjobexplainingtheirperformanceobjectivesandthewaytheirperformanceismeasured.Theywereunclear,though,abouthowperformancewasrelatedtopay.Surprisingly,employeesreportedtheyknewmoreaboutstockoptionsattheircompaniesandhowtheyaredeterminedthanhowbasepayis.However,theresultsshowedthatbasepayknowledgeplaysalargerroleinoverallpaysatisfactionthandootherformsofcompensation,suchasbonuses.Employeeswhohadhigherlevelsofpayknowledgeshowedgreateroverallpaysatisfaction,which,inturn,waslinkedtohigherlevelsofretention(聘用)commitmenttothecompany,andeventrustinmanagement.Inotherwords,Henemanemphasizes,ensuringthatemployeesunderstandtheirpayisgoodforacompany’sbottomline.

Hefeelsthatcorporatecultureisoftenamajorproblemindealingwiththelackofpayknowledgeamongworkers.Inmanycompanies,itisconsideredtaboo—orevenexplicitlyforbidden—todiscussmattersdealingwithsalary.Inlieuof(代替)disclosingactualpayamountsofemployeestootherswithinthecompany,managementcanprovidemoreinformationaboutpaypracticesandpolicies,suchastheprocessusedtodeterminesalary,andtheaverageofraisesinaparticularyear.Workerswantmorethangeneralities;theywanttoknowhowpaypoliciesapplytotheirparticularsituation,Henemanpointsout.Thatoftenmeansmanagersneedtositdownwiththeiremployeesone-on-one.

1.WhatdoestheNorthAmericanSurveymainlysuggest?

2.Theemployersofmanycompaniesfailedto______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorinoverallpaysatisfaction?

4.Theemployeeswhounderstandandaresatisfiedwiththeirpaywould______.