考研考博-英语-大连软件职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连软件职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?

问题1选项

A.Monkeys.

B.Cats.

C.Porcupines.

D.Mice.

问题2选项

A.trees

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

C.smallerspecies

D.hightropicalcanopies

问题3选项

A.resemble

B.protect

C.characterize

D.divide

问题4选项

A.Canopy

B.Terminalleaves

C.Springboard

D.Airfriction

问题5选项

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一种动物在树冠上层不常见？

A.Monkeys.A.猴子。

B.Cats.B.猫。

C.Porcupines.C.豪猪。

D.Mice.D.老鼠。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的树冠层（canopy），也就是树木的上层（upperlevelofthetrees），有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳动物，其中可能包括猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪”可知，在树冠上层常见的动物是猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪；结合第二句“较小的物种，包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物，在热带高树冠层中并不像（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas）在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍”，由其中的notasprevalent可知，老鼠和小松鼠这种较小的物种在树冠上层并不常见，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都是在树冠上层常见的动物，属于反向干扰。

22.【选项释义】

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他们”指的是______。

A.treesA.树

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳动物

C.smallerspeciesC.较小的物种

D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高热带的树冠

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第一段第二句“较小的物种（Smallerspecies），包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物，在热带高树冠层中并不像在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally）”，其中用了as…as…的比较，比较的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally，所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不正确，属于曲解原文。

23.【选项释义】

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify这个单词的意思最接近______。

A.resembleA.相像

B.protectB.保护

C.characterizeC.特征

D.divideD.分割

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝，但相比大型攀援动物来说，它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个typify为高树冠之间的宽间隙”，从句子中可知，typify在定语从句中做的是谓语动词，宾语是highcanopy，来修饰nexttreecrown，而high就是nexttreecrown的特征，所以typify的意思和“特征”相近，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项属于曲解原文。

24.【选项释义】

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪个术语在文章中有定义？

A.CanopyA.树冠

B.TerminalleavesB.顶端的叶子

C.SpringboardC.跳板

D.AirfrictionD.空气阻力

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位文章第一句“树冠层，也就是雨林树木的上层（Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest）”，可知canopy的定义在文章有解释，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均没有提到它们的定义，属于出处错位。

25.【选项释义】

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题？

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.热带雨林与其他栖息地有何不同？

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.动物的体型如何影响动物对食物的需求？

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.为什么雨林为动物提供了不同寻常的食物？

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.为什么大型动物倾向于支配热带雨林的上层树冠？

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】这篇文章主要描述了动物栖息在树冠层的优点，第一段先介绍树冠上常见的栖息动物；接着后面三段通过对小型哺乳动物和大型哺乳动物在树冠层生存的对比，来介绍大型动物更有利于支配雨林的上层树冠，如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它们在树冠的树枝和树干间攀爬来寻找昆虫、花、或水果，但在对食物的竞争上小型哺乳动物却被大型哺乳动物超越，大型的动物有它们自己的策略来穿梭于食物丰富的树枝间”，以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝，但相比大型攀援动物来说，它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个高树冠之间的宽间隙”，所以D项是文章回答的问题。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项文中没有对雨林进行比较，属于无中生有；

B选项属于以偏概全，不够全面。

2.单选题

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

问题1选项

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

问题1选项

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止……进入，阻止……参加，把……排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们______的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

问题1选项

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“不慌不忙”；B选项“抽出时间”；C选项“（钟表）走的准”；D选项“耽误时间，失去时机”。句意：威廉做事不快，他总是（）做他的事。从前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，这里答案选A“不慌不忙”，其他选项不符合逻辑。

5.单选题

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

问题1选项

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

问题2选项

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

问题3选项

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

问题4选项

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“除……外，以下所有内容都在第1和第2段中提到，作为艺术和艺术家中惯用右手的证据”。根据第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多数雕刻作品的光线最好从左边照射，因为这很适合右手艺术家的作品，他们通常喜欢让光线照在左边，这样他们的手的影子就不会落在雕刻工具或刷子的顶端。）可知，A项“是大多数雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根据第一段最后两句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我们不得不做出一种假设：双手是手掌朝下被印刷出来的，而手掌朝上印刷出来的左手当然看起来像一只右手。在法国加尔加斯洞穴的158张模板中，有136张被确定为左手，只有22张是右手，因此，惯用右手的人占主导地位。）可知，C项“左手轮廓的盛行”是正确的，B项“事实上，用模板绘制的左手掌心向上可能看起来像右手”中的fact（事实）与原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假设），而不是“事实”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少数几个冰河时期的人物被描绘成拿着东西的例子中，虽然不全是但大多数都是用右手拿着东西。）可知，D项“史前艺术中的人物用右手拿着东西”也符合。因此，该题选择B项正确。

55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被确定为右撇子，因为……”。根据题干定位到第三段倒数第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右侧骨骼更长，更强壮，肌肉更发达。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一块名为LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明显比左上臂强壮。）可知，B项“右臂骨头比左臂骨头强壮”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（对其他尼安德特人的骨架的调查也得到了类似的结果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名为LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼与其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有类似的特点，即右臂骨头比左臂骨头强壮，并不是说他们的骨骼是相似的，C项“它与LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷换概念；A项“附近发现的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”这是在发现名为LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被确定为右撇子之后法身的，A项不选。D项“右侧骨骼骨折的证据较少”，这是证明右撇子的另外一个证据，而不是证明名为LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的证据。因此，该题选择B项正确。

56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“下列关于骨折痕和割伤痕的陈述哪一个可以从文章中推断出来？”。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（断裂痕与割伤痕也是论据的另一来源。右撇子勇士一般都是左侧容易受伤。在以色列的内盖夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一个40-50岁之间的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的头部、左臂和肋骨上有多处已愈合的伤痕。），从中可知，习惯使用右撇子的人左侧受伤会更多，可以推断这是由于右撇子的人的右侧被占主导地位的右手保护，所以左侧受伤更多，A项“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割伤往往发生在受伤方身体的右侧”和B项“右臂受伤更多，因为右臂作为主要的手臂，使用更积极”错误；C项“对于大多数人来说，身体的左半边更容易受伤，因为它没有被占主导地位的手臂有效地保护”符合题意。D项“人类化石上的骨折和割伤很可能是死后造成的”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“为什么作者提到在法国Lascaux洞穴中发现的冰河时期的绳子？”。根据题干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也会反映这一现象……在法国的Lascaux岩洞艺术找到的冰川时代末期的绳子是由向右旋转的纤维捆成的，当然也就证实了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推断，作者提到法国Lascaux洞穴中发现的冰河时期的绳子是为了对第五段第一句提供关于通过物品判断右撇子的例证，D项“作为一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A项“作为一件物品的例子，它的磨损痕迹表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨损”并不属于绳子上的。B项“因为穿衣服对右撇子来说比左撇子更容易”在该段落并未提及。C项“因为在Lascaux洞穴，研究人员发现了一些为右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感觉更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知选A。

第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。

7.单选题

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

问题2选项

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

问题3选项

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

问题4选项

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

问题5选项

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据萨塔瓦，虚拟现实在医学上的应用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（萨塔瓦说：“有了虚拟现实技术，我们将能够在每条战壕里都安置一名外科医生。”他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室），由此可以推理，虚拟现实在医学上的应用可以改善战场上的医疗条件，故C项“将大大改善战场上的医疗条件”正确。A项“将使外科医生能够亲临每一个战场”，表述与原文不符；B项“可以鼓舞在战场上受伤的士兵的精神”和D项“可以缩短在战场上受伤的士兵的行动时间”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“如何进行虚拟现实手术？”。根据文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（当外科医生观察手术的三维图像时，他们移动与计算机相连的仪器，计算机将他们的动作传递给实施手术的机器人仪器）可知，C项“外科医生通过排列在机器上的计算机移动机器器械”正确。A项“它是由计算机设计的高精度设备执行的”没有提到；B项“外科医生戴着虚拟现实头盔接受电脑提供的反馈”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科医生将通过虚拟现实头盔观察士兵，头盔上有一个显示伤口图像的小屏幕），可知医生是通过头盔亲自观察士兵的伤情，而不是通过接收机器人的反馈；D项“一幅3d图像记录了外科医生在手术过程中的动作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大脑深处的肿瘤时，她在术前拍摄的病人大脑计算机图形图像中观察手术工具的动作）可知，3d图像是医生用来观察手术工具的动作，而不是记录外科医生的动作，D项表述不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“萨塔瓦幻想……”。根据文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室）可推理，理查德•萨塔瓦设想受伤的战士可以在移动的手术室