考研考博-英语-广州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhytheyarealwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround."It'siniquitous,"theysay,"thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays.."

Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashing-machine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,ere,fromanadvertisement

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements,wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybye-lawwhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumnsofthenewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerfulwilyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialsradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice.

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe"smallads",whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe"hatchmatchanddispatch"columns;butbyFarthemostfascinatingsectionis!hepersonalor"agony"columns.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Advertisersshouldstopadvertisingandreducepriceofgoodsbecause（）.

2.Thepurposeofadvertisingisto（）.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

5.Regardingadvertisements,wecanconcludethatthetoneoftheauthorofthispassageseemstobe（）.

6.Theword"they"inline3ofparagraph3,refersto（）.

7.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorseemstosuggestthat（）.

问题1选项

A.criticsresentthem

B.theyhavesomuchtothrowaround

C.theconsumerpaysforallthecosts

D.advertiserscomeinforcriticisms

问题2选项

A.informthatconsumergoodsarecheap

B.inform

C.provideagreatdealofknowledge

D.bothsellgoodsandinform

问题3选项

A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B.Everythinghastwosides.

C.Wastenot,wantnot.

D.it'snousecryingeverspiltmilk.

问题4选项

A.AdvertisersPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunity

B.EntirelyUnproductiveIndustry

C.ThinkBig

D.GoodQualityProductsDon'tNeedtoBeAdvertised

问题5选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.negative

D.neutral

问题6选项

A.lotsofpeople

B.thesedays

C.advertisements

D.“they”inthefirstsentence

问题7选项

A.advertisementsareeverywhere

B.advertisementsarealotoffun

C.advertisementsareunnecessarilycostly

D.advertisementsmakeproductscheaper

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays..”可知,选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的四五句“Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.”可知,广告除了推销产品,还有提供信息的功能,所以选项D正确。

3.选项A“上帝帮助自助之人”；选项B“每一样事物都有两个方面”；选项C“不浪费,不匮乏”；选项D“覆水难收”。根据第四段的第一句“Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.”前两段作者描述了广告对消费者的负面影响,最后两段又讲述了广告的积极影响,所以选项B最为恰当。

4.作者在文章前两段讲述了广告对消费者的负面影响,但又提到广告可以提供信息等其他积极作用。这是先抑后扬的写作手法,目的是为了突出后面的积极作用,所以选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段末句“It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!”可以看出,作者的态度是积极的,选项B正确。

6.根据原文,“they”很有趣,接下来列举了一下例子,由此可推测,这里的“they”指的是广告,选项C正确。

7.根据最后一段最后两句,报纸上没有任何其他文章能提供如此有趣的阅读,或提供对人性如此深刻的洞察。这是最好的广告!由此可知,作者主要强调的是广告的有趣性,所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）发酸；（使）内心痛苦；驱使；（使）耳朵竖起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮丧；赶牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；针刺感；卑鄙的人”；B选项balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球状”；C选项guns“（n.）枪支；枪状物；持枪歹徒；（v.）用枪射击；加大油门快速前进；向……开枪；开大油门”；D选项wind“（n.）风；呼吸；气味；卷绕；（v.）缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人”。根据固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵击石；徒劳的抵抗”可知该题选pricks。句意：你再提起上诉，那是在以卵击石。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

问题1选项

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项outgrew“过大而不适于，出生，长大成熟而不再”；B选项overthrew“扔出，抛出”；C选项overpassed“通过，度过”；D选项overflew“（尤指液体）溢出，（容器）满得溢出，挤满人了，淹没”。句意：人群（）了大厅，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大厅”，因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Marriagetherapiststeachaskillcalledactivelistening.Eachpartnertakesaturnlistening,thenparaphraseswhathe'sheardandvalidatesit.Thereis,however,aproblem.Itrarelyworks.For80percentofcouples,activelisteningistooharD.Itfeelswooden,likeemotionalgymnastics.Nordoes"fightingwellpredicthappymarriages".Evenhappycoupleshavescreamingmatches.Everytimeyouraiseahot-buttonissue,suchasthein-lawsormoney,doesyourhusbandsuddenlyclamup?Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem.Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages.

You'lloftenhearthatstayinginabadmarriageisworseforeverybodyconcerned—especiallythechildren—thangettingdivorceD.Thatmaybetrueifyourhomeissoriddledwithhostilitythatit'slikeawarzone.ButUniversityofChicagosociologistLinderJ.Waitesaysshehasfoundthat75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater.

Weusuallythinkthestrongestmarriagesarethosethatsurvivemajortraumas,suchasbankruptcyoranextramaritalaffair.Butfrequently,dealingwiththelittlethings,thosedailyannoyances,eatawayatamarriage."Everycoupleexperiencesdisappointmentasinitialromanceandpassionfadeandtheydiscoveralltheirdifferences,"saysWolin."Hedoesn'tdoenoughhousework.Sheistooemotional.HewatchestoomuchTV.She'stoolenientwiththekids.Peoplethinkthesedifferencesasproblem,butthey'reactuallyopportunitiestobuildmaritalmuscles."

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactivelistening?

2.Thephrase"clamup"inLine5means（）.

3.WeknowfromParagraph1thattheauthorthinksthatahappymarriage（）.

4.Whatisimpliedinthepassageaboutdivorceinthepassage?

5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Activelisteningisnecessaryifyouwantto"fightwell".

B.Amajorityofcouplesdoesn'tpracticeactivelistening.

C.Activelisteningdoesn'tensurehappymarriages.

D.Activelisteninghasproventobealittleimpractical

问题2选项

A.shutup

B.gelup

C.backup

D.tightenup

问题3选项

A.isalwaysfullofromanceandpassion

B.requiresthetoleranceofthehusband

C.maynotbefreeofquarrelsandfights

D.excludesthediscussionofstickymartialissues

问题4选项

A.Abadmarriageshouldendupindivorcetoavoidfurtherharm.

B.Divorceisnotthebestsolutiontoabadmarriage.

C.Mostcouplesgetdivorcedforthesakeoftheirchildren.

D.Divorceismuchbetterthansufferinginabadmarriage.

问题5选项

A.Dailyannoyancescandoharmtomarriages.

B.Marriageisnotforromanceandpassion.

C.Survivingmajormisfortuneshelpstrengthenmarriages.

D.Differencesareessentialforhappymarriage.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,activelistening和fightwell是婚姻生活发生问题时截然不同的两种处理方式,前者是冷静的交流沟通,后者是激烈对峙。但activelistening并没有起到什么作用,大部分的夫妻都不采取,所以选项A描述错误。

2.根据下一句的内容"Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem."超过80%的时间,是由妻子引起争吵话题的,而丈夫总是避免讨论这些话题。由此可以推断,clamup与avoiddiscussingthem意思接近。所以选项A正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第一段的最后一句"Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages."争吵打闹并不是只岀现在问題婚姻中,即便是幸福婚姻也很难避免这类事情发生。选项A在文中没有提及,选项B和D太片面,而选项C符合原文。

4.细节推斷题。根据题干关键词divorce定位到第二段,根据下文"75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater."75%认为自己婚姻不幸的夫妻坚持在一起5年之后,也过得幸福了。由此推断,作者认为离婚并不一定是最好的解决办法。选项B符合原文。

5.段落主旨题。根据最后一段的内容：我们通常认为,最牢固的婚姻是那些能挺过重大创伤的婚姻,比如破产或婚外情。但通常,处理一些小事情,那些日常的烦恼,也会侵蚀婚姻。选项A最能概括最后一段的大义。

5.单选题

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

问题1选项

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。excursion“偏移；远足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“轮回；移居”；transmogrification“变形”。句意：对海盗袭击的担心使得法国加固了他们的海岸线。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

问题1选项

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。normalized“正常化的”；modernized“现代化的”；mechanized“机械化的，呆板的”；standardized“标准的，标准化的”。句意：这个洗衣机的所有部件都是标准的，所以要替换他们非常方便。D项符合题意。

7.翻译题

Thedistinctionbetweenthemechanizationofthepastandwhatishappeningnowis,however,notasharpone.Atoneextremewehavetheelectroniccomputerwithitsquiteremarkablecapacityfordiscriminationandcontrol,whileattheotherendofthescaleare“transfermachines”,astheyarenowcalled,whichmaybeassimpleasaconveyorbelttoanother.Anautomaticmechanismisonewhichhasacapacityforself-regulation;thatis,itcanregulateorcontrolthesystemorprocesswithouttheneedforconstanthumanattentionoradjustment.Nowpeopleoftentalkabout“feedback”asbeinganessentialfactorofthenewindustrialtechniques,uponwhichisbasedanautomaticself-regulatingsystemandbyvirtueofwhichanydeviationinthesystemfromdesiredconditionscanbedetected,measured,reportedandcorrected.When“feedback”isappliedtotheprocessbywhichalargedigitalcomputerrunsattheimmensespeedthroughalongseriesofsums,constantlyrejectingtheanswersuntilitfindsonetofitacomplexsetoffactswhichhavebeenputtoit,itisperhapsdifferentindegreefromwhatwehavepreviouslybeenaccustomedtomachines.

【答案】然而，过去的机械化和今天所发生的一切之间的区别并不大。一方面，我们的电脑具有惊人的分辨能力和控制能力，另一方面，则是传送机，最简单的是传送带。自动机械就是一个有自控能力的装置，也就是说，它不需要人经常调整和看管，也能够调节或控制系统或过程。现在人们常说‘反馈’是这些新工业技术的根本要素，自动的自我调节机制就是建立在反馈基础上的，通过它可以发现系统与理想状态间的任何偏离，并加以测量，报告并纠正。大型计算机高速进行着各种运算，当‘反馈’被运用于该过程中，计算机就会不断否决错误答案，直到找到与输入的信息相符的正确答案为止，这种机制与我们以前熟悉的机器差别很大。

8.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

问题1选项

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的（经过考虑而要做某事的意图）”；B选项view“风景；视野”；C选项goal“目标（想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图）”；D选项reason“理由，原因”。句意：他们买那块地的______是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境，这里指的是现在买地，买地是为了以后建办公大楼，A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetimeifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle—comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohimorcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.

Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Let'sendthisnonsenseofgrades,exams,marks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,"Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessentialsomethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Don'tworry!Ifitisessentialtheywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksteachersinschoolshould

（

）.

4.Theauthorbelievestheteachersroleinchildren’slearningshouldbe

（

）.

5.Thetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Byimitatingwhatotherpeopledo.

B.Bymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.

C.Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.

D.Byaskingagreatmanyquestions.

问题2选项

A.notreallyimportantskills

B.moreimportantthanotherskills

C.basicallythesameaslearningotherskills

D.basicallydifferentfromlearningadultskills

问题3选项

A.allowchildrentolearnbyhimselforherself

B.pointoutchildren’smistakeswheneverthey'refound

C.correctchildren’smistakesassoonaspossible

D.givechildrenmorebookknowledge

问题4选项

A.theidentifierandcorrectoroftheirerrors

B.theirhelperandguide

C.thepersontogradetheirperformanceandgivefeedbacks

D.thepersontopassonsomethingessentialtothem

问题5选项

A.LetTeachersStopWork

B.LetUsMakeChildrenLearn

C.LetChildrenCorrectTheirOwnPapers

D.LetChildrenLearnbyThemselves

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundheinuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.（他每天都注意到他所使用的语言和他周围的使用的语言之间的差异。一点一点地，他做了必要的改变，使他的语言像其他人的一样）可知作者认为孩子可以通过模仿他人学习东西，因此选A。

第2题:事实细节题。由文章第一段中Inthesameway（以同样的方式）,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle可知选C。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.可知作者认为教师应该允许孩子自己学习，因此选A。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.（当孩子告诉我们他找不到正确答案的时候，我们的工作应该是帮助他）可推测教师的角色应该是学生的帮助者与指导者。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了学生应该自己学习，而不是被纠正与灌输式的学习，教师起帮助与指导的作用，因此选D。

10.单选题

（

）ofyoucouldbelostintheforestofbuildings.

问题1选项

A.Anyone

B.Anyboby

C.Anyone

D.One

【答案】C

【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你们中的任何一个人都有可能在森林前面的建筑那迷路。anyone和anybody不能与of连用，anyone可以和of连用，所以选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

IsadoraDuncanhasbeenoneofthemostenduringinfluenceson20thcenturyculture.Virtually,alone,sherestoreddancetoahighplaceamongtheart.Brakingwithconvention,shedevelopedfreeandnaturalmovementsinspiredbytheclassicalGreekarts,folkdances,socialdances,natureandnaturalforces.AswellasapproachtothenewAmericanathleticism,whichincludedskipping,running,jumping,leapingandtossing.Withfreeflowingcostumes,barefeetandloosehair,Duncanrestoreddancetoanewvitalityusingthesolarplexusandthetorsoasthegeneratingforeforallmovementstofollow.SheiscreditedwithinventingwhatlatecametobeknownasModernDance.

Bornin1878inSanFrancisco,Duncangrewupinachildhoodfilledwithimaginationandart.Hermotherintroducedher4childrentoclassicalmusic,Shakespeare,poetry,literature,andart.Isadora,theyoungest,spentmanyhoursplayinganddancingonthebeach,andeventaughtdanceclassestoyoungerchildrenasawaytoearnmoneytohelpherstrugglingfamily.InherteenageyearsshetravelledtoChicagoandNewYorkwithsomeofherfamilymembers,workingandperforminginvariousproductionsorvaudevilleshows,withlimitedsuccess.ItwasnotuntilshereachedLondonthatDuncanbegantofindacceptanceforherdancing.SheperformedinprivatesalonsforladiesofsocialStandingandtheirguests,inbothLondonandParis.Graduallyherpopularitygrew,andshebeganperformingongreatstagesthroughoutEurope.

Throughouthercareer,Duncanhadadrivingvisionfortheeducationofyoungchildren.ShebeganherfirstschoolinGermanyin1904selectingchildrenfromthepoorerclassesandprovidingcompletelyforalltheirphysicalandmaterialneedsfromherownpocket.Thefinancialdrainofherschools(alsoestablishedinRussiaandParis,atvarioustimes)forcedDuncantotourandperformsconsiderably,leavingherSisterElizabethinchargeoftheschools.Althoughbelievinginwhatshesawasthechainsofmarriage.Duncanhadtwochildren,whoweretragicallydrownedin1913.Thefollowingyearsweredifficult,andshestoppeddancingforatime,butthenreturnedtodanceandparticularlytodevelopingherpupils.Sheevenadoptedsixofthesechildren,the"Isafortables"astheywerebilledbythepresslaterwhentheybegantoperformwithher.Tragically,Duncan'sownlifewascutshortin1921inacaraccidentinFrance.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Duncan'sgreatcontributiontomodemdancewasthrough（

）.

2.TheauthorsuggeststhatDuncan’sfirstrealsuccessas-aperformeroccurred（

）.

3.Thephrase"drivingvision"inline18isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenstatinginlines15-16that"Thefinancialdrainofherschools(alsoestablishedinRussiaandParis,atvarioustimes),forcedDuncantotourandperformconsiderably...”?

5.Thecommonfeatureofthetwotragediesmentionedinthe3paragraphis（

）.

问题1选项

A.performing

B.education

C.defining

D.restoring

问题2选项

A.inChicagoandNewYork

B.inprivatesalons

C.whenshewentonthegreatstagesinEurope

D.inLondon

问题3选项

A.careerpreference

B.cleargoal

C.pooreyes

D.educationalinterest

问题4选项

A.sheneededtokeepworkingtoearnenoughtomakerepairstodrainsinherschools

B.sheneededtocontinueearningmoneyinordertokeepherschoolgoing

C.itcostheralotofmoneytotraveltoallofherschools,whichwereindifferentcountries

D.thecostsofmaintainingtheschoolsweretoogreat

问题5选项

A.theyinvolvedmembersofthesamefamily

B.theyweresimilartypesofaccidents

C.theyhappenedaboutthesametime

D.theybothinvolvedchildren

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干信息“contributiontomodemdance”定位至文章第一段，由Virtually,alone,sherestoreddancetoahighplaceamongtheart.Brakingwithconvention,shedevelopedfreeandnaturalmovementsinspiredbytheclassicalGreekarts,folkdances,socialdances,natureandnaturalforces.AswellasapproachtothenewAmericanathleticism,whichincludedskipping,running,jumping,leapingandtossing.Withfreeflowingcostumes,barefeetandloosehair,Duncanrestoreddancetoanewvitalityusingthesolarplexusandthetorsoasthegeneratingforeforallmovementstofollow.（实际上，她独自一人把舞蹈恢复到了艺术的顶峰。有别于传统，她受希腊古典艺术、民间舞蹈、社会舞蹈的启发，形成了自由和自然的运动，以及运用新的美国运动方式，包括蹦跳，跑步，跳远、跳高和投掷。随着自由流动的服装，赤脚和蓬松的头发，邓肯将舞蹈恢复了新的活力，利用腹腔神经和躯干作为所有动作的前奏）可知邓肯的主要成就是通过她创新而有特色的舞蹈获得的，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息“firstrealsuccess”定位至文章第二段中，由...withlimitedsuccess.ItwasnotuntilshereachedLondonthatDuncanbegantofindacceptanceforherdancing（……取得了有限的成功。直到她到达伦敦，邓肯才开始发现她的舞蹈被认可了）可知在邓肯到达伦敦时，才开始取得了真正的成功，因此选D。

3.词义题。A选项“职业偏好”；B选项“明确的目标”；C选项“视力不好”；D选项“教育兴趣”。根据题干信息“drivingvision”定位至文章第三段Throughouthercareer,Duncanhadadrivingvisionfortheeducationofyoungchildren.（在她的职业生涯中，邓肯对幼儿教育有……），下文ShebeganherfirstschoolinGermanyin1904selectingchildrenfromthepoorerclassesandprovidingcompletelyforalltheirphysicalandmaterialneedsfromherownpocket.（1904年，她在德国开办了她的第一所学校，从贫困阶层中挑选孩子，并从自己的口袋里完全满足他们的身体和物质需求）描写了她挑选以及培养学生，可知邓肯做这事有计划性，因此选B，更符合句意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干信息“ThefinancialdrainofherschoolsforcedDuncantotourandperformconsiderably...（学校的资金流失迫使邓肯巡回演出）”定位至文章第三段，由前句中的providingcompletelyforalltheirphysicalandmaterialneedsfromherownpocket（从自己的口袋里完全满足他们的身体和物质需求）可知邓肯独自一人负责所有学生的花费，即学校的资金由她提供，因此B选项“她需要继续挣钱才能使她的学校继续运转”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。文章第三段中的提到了两起悲剧，由第一起Duncanhadtwochildren,whoweretragicallydrownedin1913可知邓肯的两个孩子在1913年被不幸淹死了，由第二起Duncan'sownlifewascutshortin1921inacaraccidentinFrance可知1921年，邓肯本人在法国的一场交通事故中去世了），因此A选项“事故涉及同一家庭的成员”符合题意。

12.单选题

Theoryandsciencearenurturedinmaterialenvironments,andapplicationisapowerful（）tothought.Inthisrespecthewasagreatplanterofideas.

问题1选项

A.encouragement

B.spur

C.drive

D.drivingforce

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：adrivetosth，D选项drivingforce“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：drivingforceforsth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力……。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape—--andthewayyourbodyworks—--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

“It’sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,”saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain’sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchoolRenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”

Someonewho’s1.5meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon’tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.“Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,”saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain’sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath’ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.“Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.”

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-l6-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen’srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.

OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

2.ThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?

4.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause（）.

5.Theword“elite”inParagraph5means（）.

问题1选项

A.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

B.trainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

C.genesaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

D.psychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

问题2选项

A.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople’sbodyshapet

B.genesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople’sbodyshapet

C.identicaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsportst

D.identicaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsportst

问题3选项

A.Thephysicalstrength.t

B.Therighttrainingconditions.t

C.Thetalentforthesports.t

D.Theenduranceforpains.t

问题4选项

A.shehadthetalentforrowingt

B.herbodyshapewasrightforarowert

C.shehadtheperformancegenest

D.shewasaskillfulrowert

问题5选项

A.themostwealthyt

B.themostskilledt

C.themostindustrioust

D.themostintelligent

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中，可以推断出……”。本文讨论的是决定一个人能够成为优秀的运动员的原因，根据文章最后一句话Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”（现在，基因知识的爆炸意味着现在有了一项研究，不仅是关于合适的体格，还有“表现基因”）可推断，人类先天的基因条件对于塑造一个成功的运动员来说更为重要；故C项“基因对运动员的成功更重要”符合题意。A项“身体力量对运动员的成功更重要”和D项“心理状况对运动员的成功更为重要”文章没有提及；B项“训练条件对运动员的成功更为重要”只在第三段提到，不够全面。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“来自德国的同卵双胞胎的案例表明了……”。根据题干定位到文章第二段oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,d