考研考博-英语-山东外事职业大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东外事职业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉，但它们的视力却很敏锐。

考查形容词辨析。vigorous精力充沛的;exact准确的，精确的；acute严重的，敏锐的；vivid生动的，鲜明的。根据前半句句意“尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉”可知这里在对比鸟的嗅觉跟视觉，故C项符合句意。

2.单选题

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

问题1选项

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项harmonious“和谐的”；B选项energetic“精力充沛的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项harsh“严厉的”。句意：在购买这套公寓之前，这对夫妇想要确保他们有能和谐相处的邻居。划线部分compatible是和谐相处的意思。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse.Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeablackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie.Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.ItwouldbehardtofindanybodywhohadnotplayedgamessuchasBlindMan’sBuff.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.

Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross.Theyfirstofalltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthem,thenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparisonwithwhatisknownofoldtimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theyendeavortodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.

Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritualorservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtostationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas"forluck,"butactuallyashoeisanoldfertilitysymbolandhasaplaceintheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.

1.Whichofthefollowingaccordingtothewriter,canbemostusefultopeoplewhostudyfolklore?

2.Howdopeopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitions?

3.Whichofthefollowingartpeoplewhostudyfolkloremostunlikelytodo?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhypeoplestudyfolklore?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?

问题1选项

A.Anoldfarmerwhosefamilyhasbeenlivinginthecountryforgenerations

B.Aprofessorofmedicineatauniversity.

C.Acarpenterwhohasbeeninthetradeforyears.

D.Alittlegirlwhohasjuststartedtogotoschool.

问题2选项

A.Bypuffingtheminalargestore-house

B.Bywritingthemdowninbooks

C.Bywordofmouth

D.Byplayinggames

问题3选项

A.Collectingrecordsofoldbeliefsandpractices.

B.Comparingthepresentcustomswiththoseofoldtimes.

C.Findingoutthepurposecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve.

D.Criticizingtheoldbeliefsandsuperstitions.

问题4选项

A.Becauseitisascience.

B.Becausetheywanttobetterunderstandpresentcustoms.

C.Becausetheywanttofurtherdeveloptheoldbeliefsandcustoms.

D.Becausetheywanttoshowhowold-fashionedandsillytheoldbeliefsandpracticesare.

问题5选项

A.Thecustomswhichappearunpracticalareworthlesstopeoplewhostudyfolklore.

B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.

C.Presentcustomshavenothingtodowiththoseofoldtimes.

D.TheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestineareverysimilar.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。第一段指出:Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents(每个人都是民间传说的储藏室，尽管不是每个人都意识到这一点。事实上，受过最少书本教育的人往往最坚定地相信世代相传的旧思想和迷信，而这些都是世世代代以口头的方式流传下来的、正是这些人，忠实地传承着那些从祖辈那儿流传下来的风俗)。由此推测，A项“世代生活在农村的老农”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词oldideasandsuperstitions定位至第一段第三句:oldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations(这些旧思想和迷信说法都是世世代代以口头的方式流传下来的)。因此C项“以口头方式流传”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross(那些研究民俗学的人没有谁会傻乎乎地、幼稚地或者守旧地去批判那些无意中发现的古老的信仰和习俗)。因此，D项“批判古老的信仰与迷信”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。第一段指出了人们研究民俗学的原因:Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse(民俗学是人类学的一个分支，它涉及研究地方习俗、传说以及传统，因为这些东西像其他任何东西一样具有研究的科学价值)。故选A项“因为它也是一门科学”。

第5题:细节事实题。A:似乎不切实际的风俗对于研究民俗学毫无价值。B:某些风俗的原因在历史的长河中会发生改变。C:现有的风俗与旧时风俗没有任何关系。D:中国和巴勒斯坦的婚礼习俗非常相似。最后一段第四句指出:inthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom(随着时间的推移，风俗习惯被赋予了新内涵)。因此B项正确。其余三项均与原文不符。

4.单选题

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

问题1选项

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.acquisitive渴求获取财物的，贪婪的B.penurious贫穷的，穷困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰当的D.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的句意“不能摆脱自私和机会主义的指责”可知，该公司的行为并不是像其宣称的“纯粹的利他主义”。因此，该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句子意思。

【句意】虽然该公司将其在这座被摧毁的城市的行为描述为纯粹的利他主义，但它无法摆脱自私和机会主义的指责。

5.单选题

Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.

问题1选项

A.werelying

B.werelaid

C.havinglaid

D.havinglain

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.werelying在撒谎，正处于B.werelaid被覆盖，被放置

C.havinglaid覆盖，放置D.havinglain躺下，处于

【考查点】语态和动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子前半句意思“英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天”，可知，someareas（一些地区）是被大雪覆盖了，故用被动语态；而表示“覆盖”要用lay，所以werelaid正确。故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都表述主动语态，排除。

【句意】英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天，一些地区被埋在6英尺大雪下近两个月。

6.单选题

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

问题1选项

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。prediction意为“预测，预报”；prophecy意为“语言”；prospect意为“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意为“试映，预演”。

句意：你最近的项目几乎没有成功的希望。

7.单选题

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

问题1选项

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“与……相一致”；turnedout“结果是”。句意：如果大鱼正好逢上极端高潮，可能会导致严重的洪水。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

问题1选项

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。detect察觉，发现；exploit利用，开发；feature以...为特色；survive幸存，生还。句意：在上海科技中心举办的展览以大熊猫和东北虎等濒危动物为特色，并且描述了保护它们所做的工作。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

问题1选项

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项treatment“治疗，疗法，处理，对待”；B选项board“董事会，木板，甲板，膳食”；C选项applause“欢呼，喝彩，鼓掌欢迎，掌声”；D选项comment“评论，意见，批评，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：这部影片受到了观众冷落。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

问题1选项

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A将来完成时，表示将来某一时间开始，并将继续完成的动作；B一般将来时，将来可能发生的事情；C过去将来完成时，表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成；D过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。前面是由bythetime引导的时间状语从句，且是现在完成时，根据时间状语从句主将从现的原则，所以答案选A。

11.单选题

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

问题1选项

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词辨析。A选项revenge“报复；替……报仇”；B选项reserve“储备；自然保护区；预备队；储备金”；C选项reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D选项remedial“治疗的；补救的；矫正的”。句意：据说他是被敌对帮派射杀，为上周的枪击案复仇。由关键词“shooting枪击”可推知“报复”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither____theoriginalownersorelsebesoldatauction.

问题1选项

A.committo

B.taketo

C.rompto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“committo”，意为“交付，把……投入，对……作出承诺”，B选项“taketo”，意为“带到，养成（做……）的习惯”，C选项“rompto”，意为“轻松”，D选项revertto，意为“回复，归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产要么归原有者所有，要么被拍卖。因此，D选项符合句意。

13.填空题

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions.句意：《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。

68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。

69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear,此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。

70.

考查句子结构和语态。根据hasbeenlargely…by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。

14.单选题

Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub（）openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.remain

C.remained

D.wouldremain

【答案】B

【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。

15.单选题

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

问题1选项

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。A项namely“也就是，即是”，B项orrather“更精确地说，倒不如说”，C项and“和”，D项particularly“异乎寻常地，特别是”。由success（成功）和triumph（胜利）可知，这两个意思相近，success强调结果，triumph强调过程和动作，所以空格处填入B项更符合句子语境。句意：对于设计者来说，这座建筑是一个巨大的成功，或者更确切地说是一个胜利。因此，该题选择B项。

16.单选题

Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

问题1选项

A.rapidly,therefore

B.ongoingeffortstocut

C.remainsopen

D.toquestion.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

17.单选题

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasgone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.

Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,______.

3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave______.

4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat______.

5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

问题2选项

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

问题3选项

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

问题4选项

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

问题5选项

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.（一位智者曾经说过，邪恶获胜的唯一必要条件就是好人什么都不做。），通过阅读全文进一步理解其深层含义，可以推断出这句话暗示着：如果好人对邪恶坐视不管，那它就会盛行猖獗。因此B选项“如果好人不采取行动，邪恶肯定会占上风”正确。A选项“面对邪恶，好人没有必要去做什么”，C选项“美德战胜邪恶是很自然的事”，D选项“善良的人远离邪恶是可取的”均不符合原文内容，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.（我们迫切需要更多的人相信，犯罪的人应该负责。），说明作者指出美国需要更多人认为罪犯实施犯罪行为的责任应归咎于他自身。因此C选项“犯罪者本人应承担相应的责任”正确。A选项“社会要负责任”，B选项“现代文明应对此负责”，D选项“应该提高生活水平”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到第六段第一句Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim（幸运的是，仍然有一些社区——通常是小城镇——在那里，学校维持纪律，家长们坚持标准），接下来第七段第一句说到Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.（然而，尤其是在大城市和市郊，这些内在的约束正在越来越多地放松。），说明大城市的人比小城镇的人自律性更差。因此A选项“自律性较差”正确。B选项“更好的纪律意识”，C选项“更多的相互尊重”，D选项“政府的效率较低”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三段Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.（这种崩溃的主要原因是人们态度的根本转变。30年前，如果犯罪发生了，社会被认为是受害者。现在有一个令人震惊的逆转，罪犯会被认为是受害者：他贫困的成长环境，学校没有教他读书，没有给他道德指导的教堂，没有给他提供稳定家庭的父母。），说明从前人们谴责的是罪犯，而现在则相反，人们认为罪犯是他不良成长环境的受害者，可知人们在宽恕罪犯。因此A选项“大城市的人们倾向于为罪犯开脱罪责”正确。B选项“小镇里的人仍然坚持旧的纪律和标准”，由原文可知，作者认为小城镇坚持旧的纪律和价值标准是好的，所以B错误。C选项“当今社会对处于困境的人缺乏同情心”，由原文可知，作者认为人们在宽恕罪犯正是由于公众对罪犯给予了过多的同情，所以C错误。D选项“处境不利的人都在从事犯罪活动”，由原文可知，作者提到很多处在困境中的人并没有犯罪，说明人并不是遇到逆境都会犯罪，犯罪是缺乏责任感的表现，所以D错误。

5.主旨大意题。文章围绕accountability“问责”展开论述，并借当今社会人们为罪犯找借口推脱责任的例子指出人们应当对个人行为负责。因此D选项“更多的人应该接受问责的价值”最能体现文章主旨。A选项“在学校和家庭中应保持更严格的纪律性”，B选项“应该树立更多的好榜样供人们学习”，C选项“应该对人们的行为施加更多的限制”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

18.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

问题4选项

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

问题5选项

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻译为：这个群岛于1898年被美国吞并，从那时起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他种族群体的遭遇更为悲惨。可以判断只有A项“夏威夷的种族群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意为：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他种族的境况更糟糕。C选项正确，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由A，B，C选项可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻译为：由夏威夷的第一位本土官员JohnWaihee成立的主权咨询委员会对土著居民的事件起到了推动作用，该委员会建议夏威夷土著居民应该自主决定是否需要重新成立一个夏威夷主权国家。判断A，B，C选项正确，排除；D选项在文章内没有相关信息介绍，故选D。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻译为：这是夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）支持的态度，OHA作为一个国家机关成立于1978年，代表着当地人民的利益，如今在面对土著居民主权运动上保持着温和的态度。故选B。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻译为：他们还希望能够要回66万公顷的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美国政府承认其所有权而不仅仅是更多的租金。因此B选项“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合题意。

19.单选题

TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项putdown“记下，写下，镇压”；B选项putacross“圆满完成；使被接受；解释清楚”；C选项putaway“收起来，放好，储存，打消”；D选项putout“熄灭；伸出；使不高兴/愤怒/不安”。句意：这位主席很显然被Jim的话给激怒了，瞪了他几秒钟。因此D选项正确。

20.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

21.翻译题

这些书都没有解释这一现象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

22.单选题

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

问题1选项

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。integrated综合的，完整的；precarious不稳定的，危险的；solid结实的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循环系统的关键一环，这些不稳定的小分子是我们生存的基础。根据句意可知B项符合题意。

23.翻译题

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpow