考研考博-英语-四川文理学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川文理学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

____beinguseful,glassisalsoornamental.

问题1选项

A.Besides

B.Aside

C.Though

D.Because

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Besides除了……之外B.Aside（用于名词之后）除……以外

C.Though尽管D.Because因为

【答案】A

【考查点】句间逻辑与近义词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“____有用的，玻璃也（also）具有装饰性。”由“也（also）”可知，本句提到了玻璃的两个特性：有用性和装饰性，前后两个分句之间是并列关系；另外，空格处所填词位于句首，A选项Besides“除了……之外”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项Aside“除……以外”，语义虽然符合，但是使用位置不符；该词用于名词之后，（例如：Moneyworriesaside,thingsaregoingwell.除了资金令人发愁外，事情进展顺利。）；

C选项Though“尽管”，表转折，不符合原句语义逻辑；

D选项Because“因为”，表原因，不符合原句语义逻辑。

【句意】除了实用之外，玻璃也具有装饰性。

2.单选题

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”，aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.“This”inParagraphTworefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatwhilespeakingR.D.Laing（）.

5.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

问题1选项

A.insecurity

B.senseoffailure

C.publicspeaking

D.pressure

问题2选项

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

问题3选项

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

问题4选项

A.wasbothtoocasualandauthentic

B.wasactinglikeaperformer

C.waskeepingagoodbalance

D.wasawareofhisaudience

问题5选项

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：文章第二段的“this”指的是___________。第一段说到演讲使很多人望而却步。首先是因为害羞，其次是害怕在众人面前露面而且担心不能吸引听众。女人尤其讨厌演讲，因为女孩子从小就感受到各种公开露面的压力。然后定位到文章第二段Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.（很多人都有较强的不安全感，这项活动似乎可以引发人们的不安全感。），根据上下文可知，指示代词this指代本篇主题：公开演讲。所以本题的正确选项是C“公开演讲”。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项不是作者的观点________。第四段第三句话Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.像真正的演员那样表演，就像是在念别人的台词而不是你自己的台词一样，往往是行不通的。对应A选项“表演得像演员一样会破坏演讲中的信息”的内容。第五段第一句话Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.（同样地，许多美国学者的完美地不可思议的演讲都极不自然。你可能会在听完演讲后买他们的书，但是很快，你会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉，就像吃完快餐食品后的感觉一样。听完许多完美地不可思议的演讲后往往会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉。），说明太完美的内容让演讲不自然，和B选项“为了给人留下好印象，完美的剧本是必要的”表达的意思不符合，所以本题应该选择B选项。第六段的第二句话Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.（但是稿子很少能起作用，它只是大多数演讲者的拐杖而已。）和C选项“自然的表演意味着少依赖准备好的剧本”内容对应，综合以上，可以推断出即使是精心准备的演讲也不一定能够博得听众的好感，所以D选项“在真实的表演和自然的表演之间应该有一个平衡。”也是正确的。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：关于个性，哪一项是作者的观点？通过第四段第一句话Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.（事实上，性格并不能最准确地预测出一个人能否成功。），可推断出A选项“性格是成功演讲的关键”错误。通过第三段第一句话Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.（性格外向的人在这种折磨下比性格内向的人感受到的恐惧要小些，但这并不意味着他们一定会比性格内向的人做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能成功得使自己脱颖而出。）可推断出B选项“外向的人是更好的公众演说家”错误，和C选项“内向的人要想成为优秀的演讲者必须更加努力学习”错误。根据题干关键词personality定位到第四段：Infact，personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell．Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife，thekeyseemstobetoactyourself．（人的性格并非做好演讲的最好标准，关键在于其他因素。）。综上所述，本题D选项“人格之外的因素保证了更好的表现”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干：当提起R.D.Laing时，作者暗示________。通过题干关键词“R.D.Laing”定位到第八段Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.（当他即兴发言的时候表现地好像个十足的怪人。尽管他那天谈论的是有关疯狂的话题，而且他的文章写的是精神病，他看起来就像是在表演而不是在进行解释。），因此R.D.Laing在演讲时更多的是在表演，是在作秀，故B选项“表现得像个表演者”为正确答案。其他三项在文中均未提及，排除。

5.推理判断题。题干：在最后一段，作者建议_________。定位到文章最后一段，Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.（演讲时的最佳心理状态是无意识的自我意识，从而获得表现自然的幻觉。），所以本题的正确答案是D选项“你可以想象自己是自然的”，A选项“你会忘记你的紧张”，文章并没有暗示演讲时会忘记你的紧张，所以A选项排除，B选项“你感觉自然，说话自然”，最后一段表达的意思是，心里状态要自然，并没有提及说话需不需要自然，所以B选项排除，C选项“你可能会感到紧张，但要表现得自然”文章表达的是要克服紧张的心里情绪，所以C选项也不正确，综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.单选题

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate:usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,buttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.Indeed,whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,forinstance,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatedit.

ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.

IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotsomarked.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,however,itiscorrecttokeepthesame,knifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

Drinkingcustomsattablealsovaryindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmeatsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeveragesuchascoffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.

Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapotonthefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.

Fingerswereusedtocutfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Foodwaseatenoffwoodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesatbelowthesalt.InthereignofHenryVII(1509〜1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscachedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.

1.Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthepassage?

2.TheBritishpeople（）.

3.Howtouseaknifewhileeatingis（）.

4."Sittingabovethesalt"isthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Fromthepassage,weknowthattablemanners（）.

6.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatthewealthierandwell-educatedpeopleintheeast（）.

7.Inparagraph3,line1theword"they"refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.SomeslightdifferencebetweentablemannersdonotexisttheWest.

B.ForkswerebedinEnglandbeforethe17thcentury.

C.Tablemannersandcustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry

D.SittingonacushionbeforeatableiscommonintheEast.

问题2选项

A.considerbelchingloudlyanimpolitetablemanner

B.appreciatethetablemannersinmanyotherpartsoftheworld

C.usedforksmorethanthousandyearsago

D.takefoodfromthetable

问题3选项

A.astandardofgoodtablemanners

B.neverusedinNorthAmerica

C.differentamongWesterncountries

D.notaprobleminBritain

问题4选项

A.sittingonasaltcellar

B.sittingabovethesaltcellarwithlegsapart

C.beingthemostdistinguishedguest

D.saltusedtobeseatsinBritain

问题5选项

A.changeverylittlethroughtheages

B.changewithtime.

C.areactuallythesameamongthecountries

D.areextremelyimportant

问题6选项

A.paymoreattentiontotablemanners

B.strictlysticktotheirtraditionaltablemanners

C.adoptWesterntablemanners

D.havetheirowntablemanners

问题7选项

A.differences

B.tablemanners

C.variouscountries

D.Westernpeople

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲的是各国之间不同的餐桌礼仪和风俗习惯,选项C最能概括全文。

2.根据第一段最后两句可知,在其他一些国家被认为是好的餐桌礼仪却是英国人竭力避免的,比如,在阿拉伯人们在宴会上用手指拿起食物,并大声打嗝,以示感谢。由此可知,英国人认为大声打嗝是一种不礼貌的餐桌礼仪,选项A符合原文。

3.根据第三段的内容可知,不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪。接下来作者分别列举了北美,英国以及欧洲其他国家使用刀叉的不同习俗,所以选项C正确。

4.根据原文noblemen和ordinarypeople相对应,sittingabovethesalt和satbelowthesalt相对应,说明地位高的人和地位低的人被区别对待。sittingabovethesalt指坐上席,所有选项C正确。

5.根据第五段第一句“Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.”餐桌礼仪随着时间的推移而改变。选项B符合原文。

6.根据第二段第一句“ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.”可知,选项C符合原文。

7.根据原文句意：在西方,不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪,虽然没有那么明显。这里的“they”指代的是“differences”,说明差异不明显,所以选项A正确。

4.单选题

Aswepassedoverthedarkbridgeherwanfacefelllazilyagainstmycoat’sshoulder.

问题1选项

A.charming

B.cheerful

C.pale

D.uneasy

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.charming令人着迷的，迷人的B.cheerful快乐的，高兴的

C.pale灰白的，苍白的D.uneasy担心的，忧虑的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】wan的意思为“苍白无力的，无血色的”，这里形容她脸色苍白，pale与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】当我们走过漆黑的桥时，她苍白的脸懒洋洋地贴在我的外套上。

5.单选题

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空格处所填单词指代前面句子的内容，即我两边邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，也就是指这件事，故排除BC两项。再由空格前的逗号可知，次从句为非限制性定从，故用which引导。句意：我两边的邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，这让我的房子比实际上更显得破旧。答案D

6.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（）。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。

8.单选题

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。Transfer转让,转移;release释放;convey传达,运输;deliver递送,释放。句意:链式反应的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。

9.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文学的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

ThePartyalwaysinculcatesthedutyofloyaltyontheyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.precludesfrom

B.imbueswith

C.furnisheswith

D.resortsto

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.precludesfrom阻止，妨碍B.imbueswith灌输强烈的情感或意见

C.furnisheswith供给，提供，给……装饰D.resortsto依靠，求助于，诉诸

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息TheParty（党）和thedutyofloyalty（忠诚的义务）可推测，划线单词inculcate的意思是“灌输，教导”。因此，B选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】党总是谆谆教导青年人忠诚的义务。

11.单选题

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。interruption"中断,干扰";gap"缺口,差距,间隔";split"劈裂,裂缝;paring"削皮"。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗?选项B正确。

12.单选题

Experimentsusinganimalshaveplayedacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofmodemmedicaltreatments,andtheywillcontinuetobenecessaryasresearchersseekto______existingailmentsandrespondtotheemergenceofnewdisease.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.replicate

C.dwindle

D.exploit

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，B项replicate“复制，折叠”，C项dwindle“减少，变小”，D项exploit“开发，开拓，剥削”。空格处填入动词，其宾语是existingailments“现有的疾病”，结合后面的句子respondtotheemergenceofnewdisease“应对新疾病的出现”可知，alleviate符合语境。句意：动物实验在现代医学治疗的发展中发挥了至关重要的作用，在研究人员寻求减轻现有疾病和应对新疾病出现时，这些实验将继续是必要的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

问题1选项

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

问题2选项

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

问题3选项

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

问题4选项

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

问题5选项

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Everypresidentmust（）thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.

问题1选项

A.recite

B.swear

C.declare

D.claim

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配，因此选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

问题1选项

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词辨析。四个选项都是表示转折，其中although与though只能引导让步状语从句。没有despiteof这种表达，所以只有选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Heeyedmesilentlyforalongpause,asthoughweighingwhetherIcouldbetrustedtohisconfidence;thenspokeman-to-manthatworkingfortheCurtisCompanyplaced（）responsibilityonayoungman.

问题1选项

A.enormous

B.erroneous

C.eloquent

D.exterior

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项enormous“庞大的；巨大的”；B选项erroneous“错误的；不正确的”；C选项eloquent“雄辩的；有说服力的”；D选项exterior“外部的；外面的”。句意：他默默地看了我许久，似乎在权衡我是否值得他信任，然后坦率地说，在柯蒂斯公司工作给了年轻人……责任。根据后面的名词responsibility“责任”一般与表示大或者重的形容词搭配使用，故A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Computerequipmentcanbecome

veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.

问题1选项

A.primitive

B.expired

C.ragged

D.obsolete

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。primitive“原始的”；expired“过期的，失效的”；ragged“粗糙的”；obsolete“淘汰的；废弃的；过时的”。句意：由于新技术的迅速出现，计算机设备可能很快就会过时。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.

问题1选项

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.apparently

D.approximately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项precisely表示“精确地，恰恰”；B选项appropriately表示“恰当地，合适地”；C选项apparently表示“显然地，表面上”；D选项approximately表示“大约，近似地”。根据句中关键信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我们没有办法测量准确距离。所以后文中的距离只能是大约值，因此本题正确答案为D项。【句意】我们没有办法测量走过的准确距离，但我们认为大约是5英里。

19.单选题

Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’（

）.

问题1选项

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知，这里指男孩未经父母的允许，consent指同意，赞成，答应；选项C符合句意。

20.单选题

Tourismhasalsobeengreatly______therapiddevelopmentofsomedevelopingnations.

问题1选项

A.lainin

B.consistedin

C.responsiblefor

D.accountedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项layin“储备，储存”；B选项consistin“在于，由……组成”；C选项responsiblefor“为……负责，是造成……的原因”；D选项accountfor“说明（原因、理由等）”，一般用于主动语态。句意：旅游业一直也是一些发展中国家的快速发展的主要原因。

21.单选题

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodformemory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—whatisreferredtoasan“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanyd