考研考博-英语-广东技术师范大学天河学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东技术师范大学天河学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.写作题

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?2.单选题

Theuniquehumanhabitoftakinginandemployinganimals—evencompetitorslikewolves—spurredonhumantool-makingandlanguage,whichhavebothdrivenhumanity’ssuccess,PatShipmansays,paleoanthropologistofPennStateUniversity.“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals,”Shipmansaid.

Forearlyhumans,takinginandcaringforanimalswouldseemlikeapoorstrategyforsurvival.“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.”Shipmansaid.Butit’snotsoweirdinthecontextsomethingelsehumansweredoingabout2.6millionyearsago:switchingfromamostlyvegetariandiettoonerichinmeat.Thishappenedbecausehumansinventedstonehuntingtoolsthatenabledthemtocompetewithothertoppredators.Quitearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.Soweinventedtheequipment,learnedhowtotrackandkill,andeventuallytookinanimalswhoalsoknewhowtohunt—likewolvesandothercanines.Others,likegoats,cowsandhorses,providedmilk,hairand,finally,hidesandmeat.

Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry,saidPeterRicherson,professoremeritus(名誉退休的)intheDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Oneofthesignsthatthishappenedisinpetroglyphs(史前岩画)andotherrockartleftbyancientpeoples.Atfirsttheywereabstract,geometricpatternsthatareimpossibletodecipher(破译).Thentheyconvergeononesubject:animals.

Therehavealsobeengeneticchangesinbothhumansandouranimals.Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits,likeacowthatgivesmoremilkorahenthatlaysmoreeggs.Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.Dogs,forinstance,mighthavebeenselectivelytakeninbyhumanswhosharedgenesformorecompassion.Thosehumansthenprosperedwiththedogs’helpinhuntingandsecuringtheirhomes.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutanimals?（）

32.WhydidShipmansaytakinginanimalisapoorstrategyforsurvival?（）

33.Whydidlanguageshavetodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges?（）

34.WhatdowelearnfromthestatementofPatShipmanandPeterRicherson?（）

35.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?（）

问题1选项

A.Animalshavedrivenhumanity’ssuccess.

B.Tool-makingandlanguageareuniquelyhumanhabits.

C.Employingwolvesisuniquelyhumanhabit.

D.Peoplelivewithanimalseverywhere.

问题2选项

A.Earlyhumanswerepoorinsurvivalresources.

B.Takinginanimalwasaveryweirdbehavior.

C.Earlyhumansdidn’tknowhowtotrackandkill.

D.Earlyhumansswitchedfromavegetariandiettomeat.

问题3选项

A.Earlyhumansshouldhavecommunicationintrackinggame.

B.Languagecanenablehumanstocompetewithothertoppredators.

C.Animalsshouldunderstandtheordersgivenbyhumans.

D.Languagecouldgivearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.

问题4选项

A.Caringforanimalsseemedcommonafterpeopleinventedtools.

B.Afterlanguagedevelopedearlyhumanslearnedhowtotrackandkill.

C.Managingandtrackinganimalsaretheoriginofmodernscience.

D.Languagedevelopedfromabstracttospecificbecauseofanimals.

问题5选项

A.Animalschangesaredevelopedbythemselves.

B.Humanbredanimalsforspecificgenes.

C.Evolutionaryinfluenceworksonbothhumansandanimals.

D.Genescouldmakethedogshelppeopleinhunting.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】31.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals（无论你走到世界上的哪个角落，无论那里的生态系统如何、文化如何，人类都和动物生活在一起）”可知在任何地方人类都和动物生活在一起。A选项“动物促进了人类的成功”，文中第一段提到促进人类成功的因素是制作工具和语言能力的发展，因此A选项是不正确的；B选项“制作工具和使用语言是人类独有的习惯”，文中提到驯养和利用动物是人类独有的习惯，该选项偷换了概念。C选项“利用狼是只有人类独有的习惯”，文中说到的“独特习惯”是指驯养和利用动物，该选项也属于偷换概念。D选项“在任何地方人类都和动物生活在一起”符合段意，因此D选项正确。

32.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段的第二句话“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.（从表面上看，你是在浪费资源。所以这是一种非常奇怪的行为。）”，从该句可以推理出收养和照顾动物在浪费生存资源，因为早期时代人类生活资源匮乏。A选项“早期人类缺乏生存资源”符合题意；B选项“收养动物是一种非常奇怪的行为”实际上就是题干的意思，但是题目问的是其原因，因此B选项不是正确答案；C选项“早期人类不知道如何追踪和打猎”和D选项“早期人类从素食转向肉食”都是下文提到的内容，与题干意思不大；因此A选项正确。

33.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段的第一句和第二句话“Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.（管理所有这些动物——或者仅仅是追踪它们——需要技术、知识和方式来保存和传递信息。因此，语言必须发展和进化来应对挑战。）”，从该句可以推理出在狩猎过程中和狩猎后，都需要语言交流来使得狩猎顺利进行。A选项“早期人类在追踪游戏中需要进行交流”符合题意；B选项“语言能使人类与其他顶级掠食者竞争”说法错误，人类是因为发明了石器狩猎工具，才使他们能够与其他顶级掠食者竞争；C选项“动物应该理解人类发出的命令”和D选项“语言可以给任何动物迅速而奇异的转变”文中都没有提到，因此A选项正确。

34.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到第三段的第三句话“Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry（追踪游戏甚至被认为是科学探究的起源）”，由此我们可知管理和追踪动物是现代科学的起源。A选项“在人类发明了工具之后，照顾动物似乎很常见”与第二段PatShipman表示早期人类驯养和照顾动物的行为“是一种很怪异的行为”相反，因此A选项错误；B选项“在语言发展之后，早期人类学会了如何追踪和猎杀”，

从第一段PatShipman的表述可知，是人类驯养和利用动物的独特习惯促进了人类语言能力的发展，B选项颠倒了因果关系，因此B选项错误。C选项“管理和追踪动物是现代科学的起源”符合题意；D选项“由于动物的存在，语言从抽象发展到具体”，文章倒数第二段的最后两句讲的是史前岩画和岩石艺术的发展是从抽象到具体的动物形象的发展，所以D选项不正确。因此C选项正确。

35.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到最后一段的第三句话“Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.（但这种进化的影响是双向的。）”，这句话说明人和动物的进化影响是相互的。A选项“动物的变化是自发产生的”，但最后一段说到“Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits（对于动物来说，它们发生变化是因为人类为了特定的特性驯养它们）”，因此A选项是不正确的；B选项“人类为了特定的基因饲养动物”，文中说到的是人类为了特定的特性饲养它们，因此B选项不正确；D选项“基因可以让狗帮助人类狩猎”文中没有提及；C选项“人和动物的进化影响是相互的”符合段意，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Manypainters,rocksingers,andstreetdancershavedistincthairstyle,____totheirgroup.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.essential

C.special

D.peculiar

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.particular特定的，特别的B.essential基本的，重要的

C.special特别的，特殊的，特有的D.peculiar特有的，特殊的

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】前文提到“许多画家、摇滚歌手和街头舞者都有独特（distinct）发型”，根据distinct推断，____totheirgroup应该指的是“独属于他们的团体”，并且空格后面有介词to，因此，D选项peculiar“（~tosomebody/something）特有的，特殊的”,符合题意，指它只属于某物、某人，或只与某物、某人或某个情况有关。

【干扰项排除】

A选项particular“特定的，特别的”，一般只用于名词前，做定语；

B选项essential“基本的，重要的”，不表示“特殊的，独有的”；

C选项special“特别的”，侧重于指比其他人或事物更好或更重要；或者侧重于指与正常情况不同。

【句意】许多画家、摇滚歌手和街头舞者都有他们团体特有的独特发型。

4.单选题

Theplanthasbeen（

）ofthemoneyitneedsformodernization.

问题1选项

A.deleted

B.extracted

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。delete“删除”；extract“提取；榨取”；deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；convince“说服；使确信，使信服”。句意：该工厂已经丧失其进行现代化所需的资金。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

I.(LegalHistory)

Theelementsofverticalpluralismweresupplementedwithstructuresofhorizontalpluralismthroughtheiradherencetotheideaofaiuscommune(普通法).TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.),themainsourceoffeudallaw,hadearlyonbecomeapartoftheCorpusiuriscivilis(民法);andwhileCanonlawmaximswereappliedalsointhecontextoftheRomaniuscommune,CanonlawincludedsubstantialelementsofRomanlaw.Here,thegeneralprinciplewas:ecclesiavivitlegRomana(教会的罗马法).Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.Normally,thedecisionsofthemerchants’courtswerebasedontheiuscommune,whichwasindeedregardedasthe“materlegismercatoriae”（商人法之母）.TheRomanruleswereonlymodifiedinaccordancewiththeneedsofcommerceonthebasis,forexample,oftheideaofanaequitasmercatoria(商人的正义).Altogether,thiswasacomplexsystemwithrulesbothconflictingwithandcomplementingeachother.Forinstance,therelationshipbetweenCanonlawandtheseculariuscivile(世俗民法)wasneverwithouttensions.Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.Foramedievaljurist,theDecretumGratiani(acollectionofCanonlawcompiledandwritteninthe12thcenturyasalegaltextbookbythejuristknownasGratian)andlatercollectionsofPapallegislationwereasimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(罗马法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.

51.TheLombardlibrifeudorumis___.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,thelexmercatoria___.

53.Whichofthefollowingstatementisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheimportantsourceoftheiuscommuneintheparagraph?

问题1选项

A.acompilationoffeudalcustoms

B.thenameofaLordinthe12thcentury

C.thelaworiginatinginLombardy

D.a12thcenturycollection

问题2选项

A.wasasetoftransnationalcommerciallaw

B.wasfullyindependentofRomeLaw

C.werelocalnormsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice

D.modifiedRomanlaw

问题3选项

A.Differentlegalsourcesformediuscommune.

B.IuscommuneintegratedCanonlawandRomeLaw.

C.IuscommuneisawordinpluralforminLatinlanguage.

D.MundaneRomanlawandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurcharetwoindependentsystems.

问题4选项

A.PrinciplesofNaturalLaw

B.RomanCorpusiuriscivilis

C.TheauthoritativeGlossestothecorporaiurisRomani

D.Lexmercatoria

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】51.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据原文TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.)（伦巴第librifeudorum（起源于伦巴第的一本十二世纪的封建习俗的藏书，作为统治领主和附庸关系的各种规则的陈述而被广泛接受。））可知选D选项“12世纪的收藏”；A选项“封建风俗的汇编”，B选项“12世纪一位勋爵的名字”以及C选项“法律起源于伦巴第”和原文不符合。因此D选项正确。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据原文Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.（同样，商人法并不是一个完全独立的跨国商业法律，而是由许多主要是当地的规范修改后的罗马法在重要的商业实践）可知选C选项“是修改罗马法商业实践事项的地方规范”；A选项“是一套跨国商法”，B选项“完全独立于罗马法”以及D选项“修正的罗马法”不符合原文，因此C选项正确。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文划线句子Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.（事实上，普通法的概念本身就是一个复数概念：普通法基于一系列不同的法律渊源，它整合了两个独立的法律体系，一方面是世俗的罗马法，另一方面是罗马教会的教规法），表达了普通法结合了罗马法和教规法，选B选项“普通法综合了教会法和罗马法”；A选项“不同的法律来源形成了普通法”并不是最佳选项；C选项“Iuscommune在拉丁语中是复数形式的单词”以及D选项“世俗罗马法和罗马教会的教会法是两个独立的体系”不符合原文表达的含义。因此B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文末尾asimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(罗马法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.（与罗马《公民法典》一样，都是普通法的重要来源。此外，这些文本还补充了皇帝的立法（至少在旧帝国的范围内），并对罗马法和后来被称为Canonici进行了权威性的注释，后来修订了自然法的原则）可知A选项“自然法原则”，B选项“罗马《公民法典》”以及C选项“权威的罗马法”在文章都有提及，D选项“商人法”不在此范围内。因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Ataboutthesametime,doctorsbegantounderstand______together.

问题1选项

A.whichwentdirtanddisease

B.whatwentdirtanddisease

C.thatdirtanddiseasewent

D.thatdiddirtanddiseasego

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项thatdirtanddiseasewent符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】当你试图弄清楚消费者信息技术的发展方向，以及它对社会的意义时，请记住一个重要的中心事实:人们只是想看更多的电视节目。

索尼在最近的消费电子展上推出了大量可以在电视机上播放互联网视频的产品，几乎所有其他消费电子产品公司都是如此。

自从处理器功率和带宽稳步增长的基本事实变得明显以来，预言家们就自信地预测到了这一天。

而事实恰恰相反。尽管有许多网络时代的替代品，但是我们美国人今天比以往任何时候都看更多无聊的老电视，这说明了一些问题。

没有人比伟大的纽约客散文家E，B怀特更好地评估了电视，他在1938年写到“我确信我们的成败将系于电视”。

8.单选题

Anastonishingfact

thatthemurdererofthegeneralmanagerwashisownbrother.

问题1选项

A.cameout

B.foundout

C.exposed

D.cametolight

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Comeout“出现；出版”；findout“找出”；expose“揭露，揭发”；cometolight“暴露，真相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

（）tofindstarsinpairs.

问题1选项

A.Itisverycommon

B.Beingverycommon

C.Verycommonis

D.Thatisverycommon

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式主语。it+be+形容词、名词或者过去分词+todosth.，在此句型内it作为形式主语指代todosth.的内容，避免出现句子头重脚轻的情况。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstodayasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteMouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport“Scienceneverhavealltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure,thisisadangerousgame:bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing:aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplant,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstoourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

1.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat.

2.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwanning（

）.

5.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

问题2选项

A.aprotector

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aguide

问题3选项

A.Endlessstudieskillaction

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth

C.Prudentplanninghinder

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making

问题4选项

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures

问题5选项

A.theysufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtowors

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到怀疑者认为“（抽烟有害健康）证据不足，科学也无法给出确定的解释，而那些反对吸烟的游说团体想破坏我们的生活方式而政府却置若罔闻”（Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?），因此选项C“人们有选择生活方式的自由”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段第四句提到“科学永远没有答案。但是科学确实为我们指导着未来的方向，重要的是我们的国家和世界各国在制定重要政策时，应该根据科学所能提供的有关当前行动会造成怎么样后果的最佳判断作为依据”（Scienceneverhavealltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions），因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者通过说‘分析导致麻痹案例’是想表达什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他们只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究而不是行动方案——这是典型的分析导致麻痹的案例”（Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”）。由此可推出是因为过多的研究导致麻痹，那么可以知道是更多的研究导致了无法制定计划，选项A“无尽的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第三句话提到“如果政府不制定相关立法，国会应该帮助它去开始推广保护措施”（IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures）。选项D“采取一些法律措施”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者把全球变暖与抽烟关联起来的原因是什么”。文章第一段提到怀疑者质疑科学家提出的吸烟导致人死亡的观点及接下来的后果；第二段提到通过“thereareupsettingparallelstoday”引出全球变暖的话题，由parallel一词可以看出作者认为二者是相似的；第三段提出人们像对待吸烟问题的态度来对待全球变暖问题的错误做法；第四、五两段表达了作者对政府的期望，希望他们不要重蹈覆辙。因此，选项B“从前者中吸取的教训可以用到后者上”符合题意。

11.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.affording

B.accountingfor

C.allowingfor

D.acknowledging

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;accountfor“对...负有责任，对...作出解释”，allowfor“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

13.单选题

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

问题1选项

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项normalized“标准化的，正常化的，常规化的”；B选项modernized“现代化的”；C选项mechanized“机械化的”；D选项standardized“标准化的，规范化的”。根据句意“这台洗衣机的所有部件都是标准化的，更换起来非常方便。”这里是说零件是合乎标准的，规范化的，所以选项D最恰当。

14.单选题

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

问题1选项

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fluctuate“波动，动摇”；B选项vibrate“振动；颤动；摇摆”；C选项plummet“坠落，掉下”；D选项mutate“突变”。填入动词过去式做谓语，其主语是theaircraft，由关键信息thedamagedengine“损坏的发动机”可知plummet“坠落，掉下”符合题意，句意为：因为发动机损坏，飞机起飞后5分钟就降落到地面上。故答案选C。

15.单选题

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

问题2选项

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

问题3选项

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

问题4选项

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

问题5选项

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

问题6选项

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

问题7选项

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1题