考研考博-英语-惠州城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-惠州城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Weneedachairman（）.

问题1选项

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们需要一个每个人都对他有信心的主席。

语法题。考查定语从句。空格前面部分结构已经完整，而且结合选项可知，空格部分是定语从句。由“haveconfidenceinsomebody”表示“对某人有信心”可知，先行词在定语从句中充当宾语，即whom指代chairman，并且将介词in提前。故选B。

2.单选题

Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，它散布恐怖情绪，损害声誉，把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容词应与句中calm相对应，所以本题A选项符合句意。

3.单选题

aroundtheglobemorequicklyandeasily,hasresultedintheremovalofstatecontrolsontradeandinvestments,thedisappearanceoftariffbarriersandthespreadofnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologies.Insocietiesaroundtheworld,theeffectsofglobalizationhaveinfluencedsocialdevelopment.Notonlyaretheinfluencesofglobalizationapparentinmarkets,theirforcesarefeltintheprocessesorworkingtowardsequalitybetweenmenandwomen.RedaBebarsofEgypt,stressingthattheadvancementofwomenwouldnotbeachievedbypassinglegislation,saidthatsocialdevelopmentonthenationalscalemustbestrengthenedandaclimateconducivetodevelopmentmustbecreatedifthegoalssetinBeijing(atthe1995FourthWorldConferenceonWomen)aretoberealized.

Theproblemsstemfromthefactthatwomenareverydifferentlypositionedinrelationtothemarketsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Incertainplaces,wherewomenaresociallyexcludedfromleavingtheirhomes,thechallengeistofindwaysforwomentoparticipate.Inotherplaces,thechallengeistocreatemarketswhicharemorefriendlytowomen’sparticipation.IlhamIbrahimMohamedAhmedofSudancondemnedthedebtburdencarriedbydevelopingcountries,economicsanctions,arbitrarymeasuresanddenialofaccesstonewtechnologicaldevelopmentsasobstaclestothegrowthofwomen’srights.WomenremainverymuchintheminorityamongInternetusersandstillfacehugeimbalancesintheownership,controlandregulationofnewinformationtechnologies.

“Thegainsofglobalizationhavenotbeenequitablydistributedandthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountriesiswidening”，saidZhangLeiofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Thegainsofglobalizationthusfarhaveforthemostpartbeenconcentratedinthehandsofbetter-offwomenwithhigherlevelsofeducationandwithgreaterownershipofresourcesandaccesstocapital.

“WorkinChinaandVietnamshowsthatglobalizationhasbroughtnewopportunitiestoyoungwomenwithfamiliaritywithEnglishinnewservicesectorjobs,buthasmadeavastnumberofover-35-year-oldsredundant,becausetheyareeitherindecliningindustriesorhaveoutdatedskills”，SwastiMitteroftheUN’sWomenWatchOnlineWorkingGrouponWomen’sEconomicInequalitysaid.

1.Accordingtotheessay,whatrolehasEnglishplayedduringtheprocessofglobalization?

2.Whatneedstooccurinorderforthegoalsofthefourthwomen’sconferencetoberealized?

3.Wherehavetheprofitsofglobalizationgone?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“...buthasmadeavastnumberofover35-year-oldsredundant...”inthelastparagraphmean?

5.WhatreasondoesthepassagesuggestforthefactthatwomenremaintheminorityofInternetusers?

问题1选项

A.Ithascreatedneweducationopportunities.

B.Ithasspeeduptheprocessofglobalization.

C.Ithasopenednewopportunitiesforyoungwomen.

D.Ithasincreasedthenumberofskilledwomen.

问题2选项

A.EnforceLegislationscallingfortheadvancementofwomen.

B.Needtocreateaclimatethatencouragessocialdevelopmentonanationalscale.

C.CreatenewtechnologicalopportunitiesforwomeninChina.

D.AbolisheconomicbarriersbetweenChinaandtheWest.

问题3选项

A.Inrichcountrieswithstricttariffbarriers.

B.InChinaandVietnam.

C.Inthehandsofsmartwomen.

D.Inthehandsofrichermembersofthesociety.

问题4选项

A.Globalizationhascausedmanyover35-year-oldwomentolosetheirjobs.

B.Over35yearoldwomenarestuckinindustriesthatarenolongerthriving.

C.Thereisagreatneedforover35-year-oldwomenduetotheprocessofglobalization.

D.Therewasababyboom35yearsagoandtherearemany35yearoldwomenworking.

问题5选项

A.TheydonotspeakEnglishwellenough.

B.Theydonotknowhowtousecomputersaswellasmendo.

C.Menremainthemajorityofpeoplewhocontroltheinternetindustry.

D.Itdoesnotapply,becausethisproblemdoesnotexistinChina.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章最后一段WorkinChinaandVietnamshowsthatglobalizationhasbroughtnewopportunitiestoyoungwomenwithfamiliaritywithEnglishinnewservicesectorjobs提到中国和越南的工作表明全球化为那些英语熟练的年轻女性提供了就业机会，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第一段RedaBebars说道“要想实现1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会的目标，必须加强全国范围的社会发展并且还必须创造一个有利于发展的社会环境。”（socialdevelopmentonthenationalscalemustbestrengthenedandaclimateconducivetodevelopmentmustbecreatedifthegoalssetinBeijing(atthe1995FourthWorldConferenceonWomen)aretoberealized），选项B与之描述一致，符合题意。

3.文章第三段Thegainsofglobalizationhavenotbeenequitablydistributedandthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountriesiswidening”以及第四段的内容“Thegainsofglobalizationthusfarhaveforthemostpartbeenconcentratedinthehandsofbetter-offwomenwithhigherlevelsofeducationandwithgreaterownershipofresourcesandaccesstocapital.”可知选项D“全球化的收益掌握在了社会上那些更加富裕的人的手里”符合题意。

4.文章提到全球化为会英语的年轻女性提供了更多的就业机会，但是与之不同的是，35岁以上的女性却失去了工作机会，选项A“全球化使得许多35岁以上的妇女失去了工作”。选项A符合题意。

5.文章第二段最后一句话WomenremainverymuchintheminorityamongInternetusersandstillfacehugeimbalancesintheownership,controlandregulationofnewinformationtechnologies提到女性在互联网用户中只是少数并且依然在新信息技术的掌握、控制和管理方面面临着绝大的不公正。选项C的描述与之相近，符合题意。

4.单选题

____classicmusic,whichfollowsformalEuropeantradition,jazzisaspontaneousandfreeform.

问题1选项

A.Incontrastto

B.Inconnectionwith

C.Incomparison

D.Inregardto

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Incontrastto与……不同B.Inconnectionwith与……相连

C.Incomparison相比之下D.Inregardto关于

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接与短语辨析

【解题思路】原文提到“古典音乐，遵循正式的欧洲传统”，而“爵士乐是一种自发的、自由的形式”，这两种情况相反，A选项Incontrastto“与……不同”最符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

B选项Inconnectionwith“与……相连”，不符合原文语义衔接；

C选项Incomparison“相比之下”，侧重于将两者进行比较，而Incontrastto侧重于两者之间的不同，后者更符合原文语义；

D选项Inregardto“关于”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】与遵循正式欧洲传统的古典音乐不同，爵士乐是一种自发的、自由的形式。

5.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地,不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词,选项D符合语境。

6.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我们得收回你的签证)，说明女士是一名移民官。

7.单选题

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

问题1选项

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重温，仔细检查；cameup发生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向讲清楚。句意：语言障碍使沟通很困难，但我的一部分想法最终还是被（）了。因此D选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Ahundreddollarswillbe（

）tobuyahomecomputer.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.effective

D.proficient

【答案】B

【解析】句意:100美元足以买一台家用电脑。选项中只有B选项符合句意。

9.多选题

该试题是用于测试的试题，请勿组卷到其他试卷当中，测试题干内容

问题1选项

A.12

B.23

C.34

D.45

问题2选项

A.54

B.43

C.32

D.21

【答案】第1题:B、C、D

第2题:A、B

【解析】第1题:

第2题:试题解析测试

10.不定项选择题

Theweightofplasticwastecloggingtheworld’soceansthreatenstoexceedallfishby2050iftheworld’sseeminglyinsatiableappetiteforthematerialcontinuesatthecurrentexplosiverate,warnedanewreportpresentedonTuesday.

Infact,accordingtothestudybytheEllenMeaArthurFoundationalongwiththeWorldEconomicForum,“plasticsproductionhassurgedoverthepast50years,from15milliontonnesin1964to311milliontonnesin2014,andisexpectedtodoubleagainoverthenext20years.”

Thestudy—TheNewPlasticsEconomy:RethinkingTheFutureofPlastics—introducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF’sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerlandisthefirstofitskindtocomprehensivelyassessglobalplasticpackagingflows.Thereportmakesaneconomiccaseforwhatitcallsthe“NewPlasticsEconomy”,describedas“anewapproachbasedoncreatingeffectiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics;drasticallyreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularoceans;anddecouplingplasticsfromfossilfeedstocks”.

Amongthefindings,whicharebasedoninterviewswithover180expertsandonanalysisofover200reports,thestudyestimatesthatroughly8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear—“whichisequivalenttodumpingthecontentsofonegarbagetruckintooceaneveryminute”,Thisamountisexpectedtodoubleby2030.

“Inabusiness-as-usualscenario,theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025,andby2050,moreplasticsthanfish(byweight)”thereportcontinues.

What’smore,thereportestimatesthatonly14percentofplasticpackagingiscollectedforrecyclingandevenlessforplasticsingeneral.Aftersorting,only5percentisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuse,whichisfarbelowglobalrecyclingratesforpaper(58percent)andironandsteel(70-90percent).

Further,thereportexaminesthecarbonimpactofplasticsproduction,giventhatover90percentarederivedfrom“virginfossilfeedstocks”.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumptionand“Ifthecurrentstronggrowthofplasticsusagecontinuesasexpected,theplasticssectorwillaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionand15%oftheglobalannualcarbonbudgetby2050.”

Thereportarguesthatsingle-useplastics,andplasticpackagingspecifically,representsanetlossfortheeconomy,asitslimitedvalueisoutweighedbythesenegativeimpacts.Itstates:

Afterashortfirst-usecycle,95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalue,orUSD80-120billionannually,islosttotheeconomy.Astaggering32%ofplasticpackagingescapescollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccostsbyreducingurbaninfrastructure.Thecostofsuchafter-useexternalitiesforplasticpackaging,plusthecostassociatedwithgreenhousegasemissionsfromitsproduction,isexceedingtheplasticpackagingindustry’sprofitpool.

“Linearmodelsofproductionandconsumptionareincreasinglychallengedbythecontextwithinwhichtheyoperate,andthisisparticularlytrueforhigh-volume,low-valuematerialssuchasplasticpackaging,”saidEllenMacArthur,anaccomplishedBritishyachtswomanturnedfoundationchair.

Theresearchersconcludethatinordertogetclosertothegoalofa“circulareconomy”—where“consumptionhappensonlyineffectivebio-cycles;elsewhereusereplacesconsumption”—boththepublicandprivatesectormustworktowardsthegoalofcreatingplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.

1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutNewPlasticsEconomyaccordingtothepassage?

2.AllEXCEPT（）canbefoundfromthefindingsofTheNewPlasticsEconomy.

3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.Howtogetclosertothegoalofcirculareconomyaccordingtotheresearchers?

问题1选项

A.Itisanapproachbasedoncreatingevasiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics.

B.Itisanapproachreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularlands.

C.Itisanapproachdecouplingplasticsfromironfeedstocks.

D.ItcomesfromastudyintroducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF'sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerland.

问题2选项

A.Itisestimatedthatabout8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear.

B.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumption.

C.Plasticsproductionwillbe311milliontonnesandaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionby2050.

D.Theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025inabusiness-as-usualscenario.

问题3选项

A.Only14percentoftheplasticpackagingisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuseaftersorting.

B.Theglobalrecyclingratesforpaperare58%.

C.32%ofplasticpackaginggetsawayfromcollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccosts.

D.95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalueislosttotheeconomyafterashortfirst-usecycle.

问题4选项

A.Tomakealinearmodelofproductionandconsumptionofhigh-volume,low-valueplasticpackaging.

B.Tomakethepublicandprivatesectorworktogethertocreateplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.

C.Tomakeusereplaceconsumptionwhenrequired.

D.Tomakeconsumptionhappeninsustainablebio-cycles.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutNewPlasticsEconomyaccordingtothepassage?1.根据文章，关于《新塑料经济》，下列哪个选项是正确的？

A.Itisanapproachbasedoncreatingevasiveafter-usepathwaysforplastics.A.这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后路径的方法。

B.Itisanapproachreducingleakageofplasticsintonaturalsystems,inparticularlands.B.这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法。

C.Itisanapproachdecouplingplasticsfromironfeedstocks.C.这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法。

D.ItcomesfromastudyintroducedattheopeningdayoftheWEF’sannualsummitinDavos,Switzerland.D.它来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“这项名为《新塑料经济：重新思考塑料的未来》的研究报告是在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的，这是首个全面评估全球塑料包装流动的此类研究”，理解可知，《新塑料经济》来自于在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年度峰会开幕日推出的一项研究，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“这是一种基于为塑料创造回避使用后路径的方法”、B选项“这是一种减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是土地的方法”和C选项“这是一种从铁原料中分离塑料的方法”定位至第三段第二句“该报告为其所谓的《新塑料经济》提出了经济理由，称其为‘一种基于为塑料创造有效的使用后路径的新方法；大幅减少塑料泄漏到自然系统，特别是海洋；以及将塑料与化石原料分离’。”可知，都与原文不符，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.AllEXCEPT______canbefoundfromthefindingsofTheNewPlasticsEconomy.2.除了______，其他都可以在《新塑料经济》的调查结果中找到。

A.Itisestimatedthatabout8milliontonnesofplasticsleakintotheoceaneachyear.A.据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中。

B.Plasticsproductionrepresentsroughly6percentofglobaloilconsumption.B.塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%。

C.Plasticsproductionwillbe311milliontonnesandaccountfor20%oftotaloilconsumptionby2050.C.到2050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%。

D.Theoceanisexpectedtocontain/tonneofplasticforevery3tonnesoffishby2025inabusiness-as-usualscenario.D.在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第七段最后一句“……到2050年，塑料行业将占石油消费总量的20%，占全球年度碳预算的15%”可知，C选项“到2050年，塑料产量将达到3.11亿吨，占石油总消费量的20%”中的“3.11亿吨”并没有提到；而在第二段最后一句有提到“塑料产量在过去50年里激增，从1964年的1500万吨增至2014年的3.11亿吨，预计未来20年还将翻番”，可知，3.11亿吨是2014年的塑料产量，C项属于张冠李戴，不符合原文但符合题意。该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“据估计，每年约有800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中”定位至第四段第一句“……大约每年800万吨塑料泄漏到海洋中……”，可知A项正确，属于反向干扰；

B选项“塑料生产约占全球石油消耗的6%”定位至第六段第二句“塑料生产约占全球石油消费的6%……”，可知B项正确，属于反向干扰；

D选项“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料”定位至第五段第一句“在一切照旧的情况下，到2025年，海洋中每3吨鱼将含有1吨塑料……”，可知D项正确，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?3.根据文章，下列哪个选项是错误的？

A.Only14percentoftheplasticpackagingisultimatelyretainedforsubsequentuseaftersorting.A.经过分类后，只有14%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用。

B.Theglobalrecyclingratesforpaperare58%.B.全球纸张回收率为58%。

C.32%ofplasticpackaginggetsawayfromcollectionsystems,generatingsignificanteconomiccosts.C.32%的塑料包装从回收系统中流失，产生了巨大的经济成本。

D.95%ofplasticpackagingmaterialvalueislosttotheeconomyafterashortfirst-usecycle.D.在短暂的首次使用周期后，塑料包装材料的价值在经济上损失了95%。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第六段第二句“在分类后，只有5%最终被保留用于后续使用，这远远低于纸张（58%）和钢铁（70%-90%）的全球回收率”，可知，经过分类后，只有5%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用，而A项“经过分类后，只有14%的塑料包装最终保留下来供后续使用”与原文不符。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“全球纸张回收率为58%”根据解题思路可知，该项正确，属于反向干扰；

C选项“32%的塑料包装从回收系统中流失，产生了巨大的经济成本”定位倒数第三段第二句“令人震惊的是，32%的塑料包装逃过了回收系统，减少了城市基础设施，产生了巨大的经济成本”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D选项“在短暂的首次使用周期后，塑料包装材料的价值在经济上损失了95%”定位倒数第三段第一句“在短暂的首次使用周期后，95%的塑料包装材料价值，即每年800亿-1200亿美元，被浪费在经济上”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Howtogetclosertothegoalofcirculareconomyaccordingtotheresearchers?4.如何更接近循环经济的目标？

A.Tomakealinearmodelofproductionandconsumptionofhigh-volume,low-valueplasticpackaging.A.建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型。

B.Tomakethepublicandprivatesectorworktogethertocreateplasticsthatcanbebothrecycledandcomposted.B.让公共和私营部门共同努力，生产既可回收又可堆肥的塑料。

C.Tomakeusereplaceconsumptionwhenrequired.C.在需要时以使用代替消耗。

D.Tomakeconsumptionhappeninsustainablebio-cycles.D.使消费在可持续的生物循环中发生。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词circulareconomy定位至最后一段“为了更接近循环经济的目标，即消费只发生在有效的生物循环中（consumptionhappensonlyineffectivebio-cycles），或其他使用代替消费的地方（elsewhereusereplacesconsumption）；公共和私营部门都必须努力实现制造既可回收又可堆肥的塑料的目标”，可知，要更接近循环经济的目标，就要要求公众和个人要齐心协力共同生产出既能循环利用又能降解的塑料制品，B项“让公共和私营部门共同努力，生产既可回收又可堆肥的塑料”符合原文。该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型”定位倒数第二段“线性生产和消费模式正日益受到它们所处环境的挑战，对于塑料包装等大批量、低价值材料来说尤其如此”，从中可知，建立一个大容量、低价值的塑料包装的生产和消费的线性模型日益受到挑战，所以不是一个更接近循环经济的目标的好办法，该项属于反向干扰；

C选项“在需要时以使用代替消耗”根据解题思路可知，C选项中的“whenrequired”并不符合原文的elsewhere，属于曲解原文；

D选项“使消费在可持续的生物循环中发生”根据解题思路可知，D选项中的“sustainable”并不符合原文的effective，属于曲解原文。

11.单选题

Itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.inviolate

C.indisposed

D.invariable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；inviolate“无污点的；未亵渎的”；indisposed“不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable“不改变的；常数的”。句意：通常情况下都会认为当老师和学生共事时，心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的内容。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Thedoctorhasdifficulty______thisinfection.

问题1选项

A.fortreading

B.totreat

C.intreating

D.beingtreating

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：医生在治疗这个感染病上遇到困难。做某事遇到困难用sb.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.，所以C选项intreating符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Icanvouchforhis（

）,Ihavealwaysfoundhimveracious.

问题1选项

A.reputation

B.steadiness

C.truth

D.honesty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reputation“名声；名誉”；B选项steadiness“稳定；稳健”；C选项truth“真理；事实”；D选项honesty“诚实；正直”。句意：我可以为他的······担保，我总觉得他很诚实。本题需要找的是与veracious“诚实的；真正的”含义相近的名词，才会有“我可为他担保”，因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday'sglobaleconomy—toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade.Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there'sarealdangerthatAdamSmith'sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofusworseoff,inonewayoranother.

1.Itcanbeinferredthat"protection"(Line1,Para.1)means（）

2.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause（）

3.By"thetableshaveturned"(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat（）

4.TheWesterneconomistsusedtoliketheideaof"creativedestruction"becauseit（）

5.Theauthoruses"IMF"asanexampletoillustratethepointthat（）

问题1选项

A.improvingeconomicefficiency

B.endingthefree-tradepractice

C.loweringmoralstandard

D.raisingtradetariffs

问题2选项

A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies

B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries

C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples

D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith

问题3选项

A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered

B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade

C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive

D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent

问题4选项

A.setalong-termratherthanshort-termgoal

B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment

C.entailedapositiveratherthannegativementality

D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomics

问题5选项

A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical

B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice

C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates

D.Europeancountries'interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。第一段的首句提到，protection不再是一种禁忌，这将开启一个新时代，以及下文提到的几十年来，西方领导人一直认为，降低贸易壁垒和关税是一件自然的好事。他们认为，这样做将导致更大的经济效率和生产力，从而改善人类福利。根据文章可推测，下文提到的都是与protection意义相反的内容。所以这里的保护指的是提高贸易关税。选项D正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句"...sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization"他们将从自由化中获得最大的利益。选项A符合原文。

第3题:细节推断题。根据第二段的内容，发达国家知道他们的经济是最具竞争力的，然而这一形势发生了转变，也就是说发达国家的经济竞争力有所下降。选项C正确。

第4题:事实细节题。根据第三段的"theyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere."他们（发达国家）总是假设毁灭会发生。以及第三段的最后一句“Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.”但在西方的理论和实践中，显然存在着一种消极的趋势。所以西方经济学家过去喜欢引用这句话的原因是因为它意味着发展中的经济将会被毁灭，选项D符合原文。

第5题:信息推断题。根据关键词“IMF”定位到第四段，根据第四段的最后一句“Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.”但当西方官员主导这些全球机构时，他们往往把自己的利益置于所有人的利益之上。所以作者以IMF为例是为了说明全球机构不是由真正的全球化倡导者领导的，选项C正确。

15.单选题

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto______themysteriousmurder.

问题1选项

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项comethrough“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项lookinto“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项makeover“转让；移交；修改”；D选项seeto“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir（

）andtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.

问题1选项

A.solidarity

B.priority

C.superiority

D.hospitality

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项solidarity“团结”；B选项priority“优先”；C选项superiority“优越，优越性”；D选项hospitality“热情”，句子的主语是“givingagift赠送礼物”，about介词，意思是“关于”，根据空格前后是一个of短语的所有格结构，这里判断空格部分单词意思为“热情，好客”，句意为：赠送礼物能表达你对别人盛情款待的感激之情和你对别人的重视。和选项D意思接近。

17.单选题

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?