mba联考英语真题包括

mba联考英语真题包含答案mba联考英语真题包含答案21/21mba联考英语真题包含答案2019年管理类专业硕士学位联考英语真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark,orDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.Ialsofoundweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchangesinweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.Ialsousemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI15’andmdroppingconstantlyweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgratersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtohosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.1.2.A.cares.7.offromwithto1.12.ofontoforon9.20.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild

’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren

’tbornknowinghowtosay

“I’msorry

”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishVaish,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinaryfeelings—thatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness(thinkmania)canbedestructive.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,and12.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions(likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’magicallytbecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialourbecauseofempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp

.A.regulateachild

’sbasicemotionsB.improveachild

’sintellectualabilityC.intensifyachild

’sfeelingspositiveD.fosterachild

’sdevelopmentmoral22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe

.A.deceptive

B.addictive

C.burdensome

D.inexcusableVaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.anemotioncanplayopposingrolesemotionsaresociallyconstructiveemotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthemotionsarecontext-independent24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficienciescanbringaboutemotionalsatisfactioncanresultfromeithersympathyorguiltmaybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts25.Theword

transgressions“”

(line4para5)isclosestinmeaningto

.A.wrongdoings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

D.teachingsText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap--butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate’proposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiasplan’envisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorthatimplies.A.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatB.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingC.extremeweatherconditionsmayariseD.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”towemayneed.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacitystrikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsacceleratethegrowthofyoungtreespreservethediversityofspeciesinthemCalifornia’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorstoA.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesB.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsC.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsD.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia’splanaccordingtoparagraph5Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020TohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirstToperfecttheemissions-permitauctionsToobtainenoughfinancialsupport30.Theauthor

’sattitudetoCalifornia

’splancanbestasbedescribed.A.ambiguous

B.tolerant

C.cautious

D.supportiveText3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworkerstostaylongerinthe.andchangejobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn’tchange,Americanbusinesses,communitiesandconsumersbewillthelosers.Perhapshalfof.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.Today’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettled,ratherthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:Native.workerswon’tbereturningfarmto.theMechanizationisnottheanswereither—notyetatleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplainthattheyaren’tgivenalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Ina2012surveyby,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.In1998-2000,percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedtopercent.Ineffect,the.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.31.WhatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsDiscriminationagainstforeignworkersinthe.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.Flawsin.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Declineofjobopportunitiesin.agriculture.32.Onetroublewith.agriculturalworkforceis.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrantsthehighmobilityofcropworkersthelackofexperiencedlaborerstheagingofimmigrantfarmworkersWhatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein.farmingA.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.B.Togetnative.workersbacktofarming.C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits.slowgrantingprocedureslimitondurationofstaytightenedrequirementsofannualadmissionsWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistextA..AgricultureinDeclineB.ImportFoodorLaborC.AmericaSavedbyMexicoD.Manpowervs.AutomationText4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It’seasytobeatplastic.They’repartofabunchofcelebritiesstaringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplasticcrisis.ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave“doneourbit”wieverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions—akindof“morallicensing”thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we’reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas“consumerswe”mustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”holeourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.It’simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn’teveryone’spriority-orevenmostpeople’Wes.shouldn’texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings.ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill“eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn’tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It’sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It’sjustaboutintputtingthingsperspective.Wedon’thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto.demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsurgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsinvitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisthecausesoftheplasticscrisis37.concernedthat“morallicensingmay”A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaccomplishmentD.suppressourdesireforsuccess

Theauthoris.38.Bypointingoutouridentity“citizens

”,theauthorthatindicates.ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfareourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovinghavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe.A.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atopdownprocess40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts

.A.canbetooaggressiveB.canbetooinconsistentC.arefarfromsufficientfarfromrationalPartBDirections：Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET（.10points）Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids

’

opinionswhensearchinghomeforaInchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain

’skidshavesingleabackyarddemand:.McClain’slittleonearen’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,andinmanycasesyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000.adults.Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsaboutthefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids’opinionshavemay.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelpthemfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.“Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,”saidhe.GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome—buttheiropinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,ifpossible.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingwithouttheirhomeactually—gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNewYork.Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhomewillmakethemfeellikethey’rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’atconsiderationforchildren,saidTraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.“Speakingwithchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butIwouldn’tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.said.”HampsonTheotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif.“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It’snotshelter,it’salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,Norrissaid,Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwith.“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmaybetosay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachilds’opinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswanttoembracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.thatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.HooperBailey43.TraceyHampson44.AaronNorris

thatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.C.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbebasedonlyonchildrenopinions’s.D.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecisions.E.notesthataspectslikechildren’socialfriendsandactivitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.F.believesthathomebuyingdecisionsshouldbebasedGurneronchi