定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择----by树德中学兰银清一）定语从句的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就是定语从句Wecan’tignorethedifficultiesthat/whichlieahead.AllthatIwantisyourhappiness.Whatisthenameofthemanwhojustcamein.Ilikethosewhosmilealot.Therearealotofstudentsherewhoseparentsworkoutside.ThisistheschoolwhereIusedwork.定语从句的先行词：被定语从句饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词引导定语从句的关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose，as引导定语从句的关系副词：when,where,why，as二）如何选用关系代词？判成分如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who,whom（作宾语），that,which.确定先行词1）先行词如果指人选用who,whom（作宾语）或者that，在实际运用中多使用who;先行词如果指物选用that或者which，在实际运用中多使用that先行词（n/pron）+who/whom/thatDoyouknowthepeoplelivenextdoor?ThisisthemanImetonthetrainlastweek.Itisabookwillinterestchildrenofallages.Ihavefoundthecarkeysyouwerelookingfor.注意：（1）、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词可以省略Thisistheman（who/that/whom）Imetonthetrainlastweek.（2）限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.Wenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.2）Whose引导的定语从句当定语从句需要所有格（也可以理解为定语），则需要用whose。只要定语从句需要所有格,先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。先行词（n/pron）+whose6.Westoppedtohelpsomepeoplecarbrokedown.7.Iliveinthehousedoorisred.Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordmeaningisnotclear.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.（高考）注意：whose指物时，whose+n=thenofwhich/ofwhichthenYoudon’tneedtolookupeverywordmeaningisnotclear.二Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordthemeaningofisnotclear.Weareintroducinganewsystem,aimistocutcosts.=Weareintroducinganewsystemoftheaimistocutcosts.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.14.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(高考)15.Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.如何选用关系副词判成分：如果定语从句不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词确定先行词：先行词指地点用where;指时间用when;指原因(reason)，用why.在定语从句中，when/where/why=适合介词+whichIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.TwillneverforgetthedayIfirstmetyou.ThisistheschoolwhereIonceworked.二ThisistheschoolIonceworked.Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?二Doyouknowthereasonwhichshedoesn’tlikeme?4.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.Iliveinasmallcity,populationaremostlymigrants.(本人自编题)注意：1,先行词是时间、地点或者原因，但是定语从句需要主语或者宾语，则把先行词看成是指物，要使用关系代词that/which试比较：ThisistheschoolIusedtowork.ThisistheschoolIusedtoworkin.ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,isanationalkeyschool,iswhereIusedtowork.ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool.,ThisistheschoolIvisitedlastweek.,Iwillneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether.,Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherinthesummer.,Thereasonhegavemesoundsgood.,ThereasonhedislikesmeisthatItellexactlywhatIthinkofhim..By16：30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.,Iwouldrathergotovisitthefactorynextweek,Iwon’tbebusy.(本人自编题)Finally,hereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.Thatevening,Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.2.定语从句一般紧跟先行词，但是有时也可能被其它成分隔开。(一定要找准先行词哦！)HeistheonlyteacherinmyofficehasbeentoLondon.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.小试身手：Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.(高考)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.(高考)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(全国卷)Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanareainteractwithoneanother.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina，heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.三.注意区别限定性和非限定定语从句限定性定语从句：对先行词起着修饰限定作用非限定定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用注意非限定定语从句不能用thatHemarriedawomanhemetonatrain.Hemarriedaveryniceyoungengineer,hemetonatrain.Didyoulikethewinewedranklastnight?Ipouredhimaglassofwine,hedrankatonce.TheballfelltoCollins,shothitthepost.ChengduNo.9HighSchool,Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool..Thesummerof1969,manfirstsetfootonthemoon,willneverbeforgotten.Theseappletrees,Iplantedthreeyearsago,haven’tborneanyfruit.(本人自编题)Asachild,Jackstudiedinvillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.关系代词或者副词的选用的进一步讲解1.which与as的选择.意义上的区别as往往翻译为"正如”；which往往翻译为"这一点”。Mr.Lucommittedsuicide,madethewholenationsad.Hepassedalltheexaminations,wehadexpected.Heisanengineer,hisbrotherisn’t.As往往有一些相对固定的形式aswehadexpected,asweallknow,asisknowntousall,asis/wasreported,asisoftenthecase,asitturnedout,aswecanrememberetc.Hewaslateforworkthismorning,asisoftenthecase.位置上的区别which引导的定语从句，常常位于主句之后，作为插入语位于句中，但是一般不能位于句首；as引导的定语从句位置灵活。可以位于主句之后位，作为插入语位于句中，位于句首。ShemarriedJohn,surprisedusall.WheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(09)Asweknow,lighttravelsinastraightline.Light,asweknow,travelsinastraightline.Lighttravelsinastraightline,asweknow.小试身手：.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(06卷).Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(07卷).Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(07卷)isreportedinthenewspaper,hestudiedinJapanforthreeyears.itturnedout,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.(12)TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，turnedouttobeawisedecision.Heisanengineer,hisbrotherisn’t.such+n+asvssuch+n+thatthesame+nasvsthesame+n=thatsuch+n+asvssuch+n+that“such+n+as”引导的是定语从句，常常翻译为“如……的”，as在定语从句中要充当成分；“such+n+that”引导的是结果状语从句，翻译为“如此….以至……”，结果状语从句是一个完整的句子，that在句中不充当成分。Suchstudents(asyoumentionedjustnow)shouldbepraised.(定语从句)Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.(状语从句)他是如此好的学生，以致我们都喜欢他。Heissuchagoodstudent(aswealllike.)(定语从句)他是我们大家都喜欢的好学生。so+adj.+a/an+n+as引导的定语从句和so+adj.+a/an+n+that引导的状语的区别同上Heissogoodastudent(aswealllike.)Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.thesame・、thatvsthesame^asA:如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，thesame・・・thatthesame^as完全一样；如果定语从句需要状语，则只能用thesame^..as他今天穿的夹克和昨天的一样。Heiswearingthesamejacketas/thatheworeyesterday.Jack和Mike是同一天离开的。JackleftthesamedayasMikeleft.B:thesame•••as也可以接短语我有和你一样的字典Ihavethesamedictionaryasyours.定语从句中夹Iknow,Ithink,Iwish,Ifeel,hesaid,hethought…的情况WearegoingtomeetsomeoneIknow(that)youwilllike.ThisisthewomanAnnsaidwouldshowusthechurch.Itisthebodyofamanthepolicethinkwasmurdered.Itisahousewefeel(that)wemightwanttobuy.Thisisthehousewebelieve(that)Mr.Liwasmurdered.介词+which/whomtodo结构相当于一个省略的定语从句Wemovedtothecountrysothatthechildrenwouldhaveagardenintoplay.Inmyopinion,Mr.Blackisanicemanwithtogeton.that与which的选择下面限定性定语从句用that,不用which先行词含all,both,any(thing),some(thing),every(thing),no(thing),none,few,little,much,thevery+n,theonly+n・・・.用that而不用whichAllthatIwantisyourhappiness.IhopethelittlethatIhavedonehasbeenuseful.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.先行词含序数词，最高级时，用that而不用whichThisisoneofthemostdeliciousmealsIhaveeverhad.先行词既指人又指物，用that,不用which或者whoTheyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthingstheycanremember.限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatWenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.下面情况用which,不用that在非限定定语中用which,不用thatIn1908