考研英语1真题及解析

考研英语1真题答案及分析考研英语1真题答案及分析考研英语1真题答案及分析2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday。To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11。Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher。Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20。1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]success优选文库9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment。Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yarindictmentof“fastfashion〞.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,---2-优选文库andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertiseandthatto–renewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals。Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.-produced“Massclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,〞Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste。TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2021hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’beknockedoff。Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’tafford。nottoPriestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill。[B]insensitivitytofashion。[C]obsessionwithhighfashion。[D]lackofimagination。22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste。[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld。[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements。---3-优选文库[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently。23.Theword“indictment〞(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation。[B]enthusiasm。[C]indifference。[D]tolerance。24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists。[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability。[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments。[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing。25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle。[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth。[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry。[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret。Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural〞adsatthosemostlikelytobuy。Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2021America'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google's---4-优选文库Chromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests。OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault。Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural〞adshelpadvertisersto:easecompetitionamongthemselveslowertheiroperationalcostsavoidcomplaintsfromconsumersprovidebetteronlineservices“Theindustry〞(Line6,Para.3)refersto:[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconductors[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]internetbrowserdevelopersBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers---5-[D]goesagainsthumannaturewhichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTDNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumersAdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouraladsTheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]skepticismText3Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.YoumightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardtoButsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see"100,000AD:LivinginthedeepfutureHomosapiensintheIUCN's"RedList"ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence。Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecogniseanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecameraright

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〞).Lookup---6-优选文库backandaskingwhathumanity'simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime。Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture。Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves。Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin。Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby[A]ourdesireforaresoffulfillment[B]ourfaithinscienceandteched[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks[D]ourbdiefinequalopportunity32.TheIUCN“RodList〞suggestthathumanbeingson[A]asustainedspecies[B]theword’sdeminantpower[C]athreattotheenvironment[D]amisplacedrace33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies。[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem。---7-优选文库[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise。[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive。34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto[A]exploreourplanet’sabundantresources。[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld。[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast。[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory。Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind。[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity。Text4Text4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates。InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization〞deralandthatlawsfeprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones。JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield〞andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers。---8-优选文库However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatus’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues。TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs。The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionassertionoffederalexecutivepower〞.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith。Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim。36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers。[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates。[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw。[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies。OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information。[B]States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw。[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement。[D]Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs[A]violatedtheConstitution。---9-优选文库[B]underminedthestates’interests。[C]supportedthefederalstatute。[D]stoodinfavorofthestates。TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates。[B]isdependentonthestates’support。[C]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes。[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws。Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress。[B]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministrstion。[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress。[D]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues。PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2021,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth。(41)______Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity。---10-优选文库(42)____Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction。Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact。Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchanged〞or“climatechange〞haveincreasedrapidlysince2004,(43)____Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful。Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)____thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomic。climateThetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2021,anewprogramtobeenactedin2021,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite。(45)____Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems。Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs。However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2021,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords。theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties。---11-优选文库thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones。[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy。Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment。Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to25%；inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%。SectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression。Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,〞toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironmentTh.(48)gardensofthehomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurban---12-优选文库environmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch。Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand。Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromissointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic。InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofwordgardenthoughina“liberated〞sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife－assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms。SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail,Use"LiMing"instead。Donotwritetheaddress。(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingbrieflyexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)---13-优选文库【答案】A---14-优选文库【分析】第一句提到“整体而言，当人们自己做决准时，其实不善于考虑背景信息。〞第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势〞，that惹起定语从句，这类优势令人们拥有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界要素影响的不带成见的决定。B选项submit“听从，提交〞，不可以与ability连用，C选项transmit“传输，发射〞，也不可以与ability搭配，D选项deliver“传达〞，相同不可以与ability搭配。A,C,D不论从搭配上仍是意思上都不适合。A选项grant自己拥有给予，授与的意思。故答案选A。2.【答案】D【分析】external外面要素和上文的backgroundinformation同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界要素影响。A选项minor次要的，B选项objective客观的，C选项crucial残忍的，D选项external外面的，故答案选D。3.【答案】C【分析】第三题本句but惹起句意转折。“可是XX推测不考虑全局会致使决议者被平时接触的信息影响而带有成见。〞第一注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而全局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。A选项issue问题，B选项vision想象力，美景都不适合，故答案选C。【答案】A【分析】通读后边的句子，提到了法官与被告，这显然是生活中间的一个详细的实例，故答案选A。而B选项onaverage“均匀，往常〞，出现的话，四周常常应当要出现数字。C选项inprinciple“大概上，原那么上〞，后边需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项aboveall“第一〞是用来列举条目，将A,B,D排除。5.【答案】B【分析】从句意上来看“比如，他们提出理论，以为法官不敢在罪状眼前表现得太脆弱，假如当日已经宣判五六名被告履行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入牢狱。A选项fondof喜爱，B选项fearof惧怕，C选项capableof有能力，D选项thoughtlessof考虑不周，故答案选B。【答案】B【分析】依据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯法行为方面惧怕表现出太脆弱，在。。。方面，对于。。。的表达应当用介词on，故答案为B。7.【答案】A【分析】Aif表条件。B选项until表时间，常常跟not连用，直接清除。C选项though表退步，D选项unless相当于if...not。通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。8.【答案】D---15-精文【分析】第一注意到idea前面有定冠this，很明指代上文提出的点。并且跟上文以法官例一，下文“他把注意力向大学取程〞也是上文点的例，目的是上文的点行，而不A“促〞，B“〞或C“分享〞，故答案D。【答案】D【分析】Adecision“决定〞，Bquality“量，品〞，Cstatus“地位〞，Dsuccess“成功〞。申者的____不取决于同一天随机到的其余几名申者。接着下文到面官面MBA[微]申者的果results，所以第9也有果的意思，与下文合是抵达正面的果，所以答案是即“申者的成功〞。其余入原文重叠答案，与原不切合【答案】A【分析】空格后边有一个副randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么Bstudied“研究的〞，Cfound“找到的〞Didentified“定的〞就与randomly是相矛盾的，所有清除。【答案】D【分析】本解关在于but，通suspect能够看出Dr.Simonsohn与前文意思相反，所以otherwise正好切合意。12.【答案】C【分析】别的明缺一个去分作interviews的定，再看by后边的officers，只有conducted(行)，切合境，故正确答案。13.【答案】B【分析】本末端onetofive(从一到五)，前面又有一个onascale(⋯的范)，A分派，D摆列上不通，再合后边的factor(要素)，比一下，只有B(区分等)，整合起来，即区分红一到五个等，通情达理Cmatch看似与to搭配，但也不切合文意，故正确答案B。14.【答案】D【分析】本需系整句，take⋯intoconsideration(考，波及)，从形式上来没有，再从意上来看，“个等考了几种要素⋯〞，是上文的一步解，也没有。【答案】B【分析】是承接上文到的得分，后半句到的是(平学校等)考得分，再合中conjunction一(接)，能够推测then(拥有承接之意)，所以正确答案，而A和D同一意和用法(取代)，与conjunction相矛盾，C不通，故也。【答案】C---16-精文【分析】本出在一个非限制性定从句上，先行astandardizedexam,后半句是800分，考和分数之首marked，B通拥有必定的干性，但注意主是考，所以正确C。A没关。17.【答案】A【分析】本句属于比，比的是几个面者的分数，C、D是空上的上下，而里缺的上的先后，故清除C和D，B是“以后〞，不切合言先后，故正确答案A。【答案】C【分析】解本需往下看，to⋯theeffectsofsuchadecrease,由此能够判断接下来那个聘者的分数是出了降落，故直正确C。【答案】B【分析】句不定式作主，“(面考官可能)更低的分数〞所来的影响，能够推测，是除去或是抵消种不利果，聘者需要在GMAT[微博]中多拿30分，A“抵达〞，C“保持〞D“漠〞明不符，故A“除去〞正确答案。20.【答案】C【分析】度大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“30分是比⋯所多的〞建把四个分代入空格，A有前程的，B可能的，C必的，D有帮助的，比以后，只有C最合，也就是“30分是比本来考所必需求的多出来的，即此外多拿本不需要的30分才能均衡前面的更低的分数〞，故C正确。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.【答案】B(insensitivitytofashion)【分析】事。依据干，第一定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“⋯scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’t。affect〞意思her是：“⋯⋯批她没有魅力的助理，因助理崇高她的生活影响不大〞。可知criticize是scolds的同替，B中的“insensitivitytofashion是“imagining〞thathighfashiondoesn’taffect。〞her的同替。所以B正确答案。A在文中并未说起，属于惹是生非。C和D是文章第一句的误解。22.【答案】D(shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently)---17-精文【分析】事。依据干，第一定位到第二段。由倒数第二句“theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable,⋯⋯,andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks。〞意思是“些商(商)促进有尚意的消者将服饰当作是用完就能够弃的，⋯⋯，并且每周更新他的衣橱。〞D“shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently〞的意思是“更为繁地服饰〞，正好是“renewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks〞的同替。A，B，C均属于惹是生非。23.【答案】A(accusation)【分析】。干中需要猜的出在第二段的第一句“⋯⋯thefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’-yearsthreeindictmentof‘fastfashion。再合’〞可知，“indictment〞是ElizabethCline“快尚〞的一种度。所以，解答此的关在于系上下文境，找到ElizabethCline“快尚〞的度。由第二段最后一句“Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。〞，意思是“Cline，通以特低的价钱售潮流物件，些品牌损坏了潮流周期，了个久以来于季周期的〞。由“hijack〞和“shaking〞可知，Cline“快尚〞是持否定度的，所以A“accusation( )〞是正确。24.【答案】D(pricingisvitaltoenvironmental-friendlypurchasing)【分析】推理判断。依据干，可定位到最后一段。解关在于“Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto，意思是〞“每个人都很虚荣，很常。但消者付不起太多西的候，他才会以更为可持的方式去物。〞句的关是“afford和〞“shopmoresustainably，〞于D中的“pricing和“〞environmental-friendlypurchasing〞。A于本段的误解。B的是“忽境的可持展〞，与文中“severalfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment一些⋯〞(尚服企业已做出努力减少力和境)意思相悖。C文中未说起。25.【答案】C(criticismofthefast-fashionindustry)【分析】要旨粗心。此考全文要旨粗心的正确。从整个文章脉来看，文章的第一段用案例引入，第二段到文章的主“快尚〞，并指出它损坏了尚周期，了尚。第三四段指出“快尚〞种革的缺点，比方：自然源造成力、使用大批有害的化学物、浪象。最后两段提到“快尚〞的不良影响，能够采纳的解决法。由此可知，C全文，正确答案。A,B,D都不是文章所述的中心主。Text226.【答案】C(lowertheiroperationalcosts)【分析】事。依据干，第一定位到首段。段的粗心是广告的一半都浪掉了，可是通“behavioralads〞能够追踪者的搜寻和价，使得广告更有性，进而降低算本钱，也就是“thisfractioncanbemuchreduced〞。A、B和C文中并未说起，属于惹是生非。---18-精文27.【答案】D(internetbrowserdevelopers)【分析】句意。theindustry在篇中是指代前面的出内容，而前面出的MicrosoftInternetExplorer，Apple’sSafair和Google’sChrome都是D中中的“Internetbrowserdevelopers。〞B和C文中并未说起，属于惹是生非。A并不是本段中的核心。28.【答案】A(willnotbenefitconsumers)【分析】推理判断。解关在于“⋯consumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences，也就〞是，当器开者不可以采集消者网上物向，消其实不可以从中得益。B、C和D文中并未说起，属于惹是生非。29.【答案】B(DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose)【分析】推理判断。依据干，能够定位到第六段。解关在于理解本段的行文，即“unabletotellwhether⋯orwhether,somemayignore。也⋯〞就是“因为不可以辨有些主体是真切反行广告，也不可以辨它支持微的做法，有些人甚至忽DNT，先前的做法。〞可此可，B切合意。A、C和D内容在本段中均没有说起。30.【答案】C(skepticism)【分析】点度。依据干，能够定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，BrendonLynch的博客中道：“我消者有更大的自主(或掌控)〞。解关在于最后一句“Coulditbereallythatsimple?，〞从中可明看出作者的疑度。A是“理解〞，B是“成〞，D是“容〞的意思。Text331.【答案】[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology【分析】事。依据出的序性原，可回订婚位到文章第一段。段落共两句。第一句体交代了去人将来的想体是极，正面的(werelargelypositive)。本的正确答案就含在第二句中。第二个句子上接着第一句，交代了极想的原由在于“科学和技术治愈人的全部疾病〞，由此可确立本的正确答案B。A、D都在因果倒置，“livesoffulfillment〞以及“opportunityforall都〞是科学、技来的果，并不是原由。C属于惹是生非，本段并没有说起任何与“potentialrisks相〞关内容，故清除。32.【答案】[A]asustainedspecies【分析】干的是“危物种名(RedList)〞意味着人怎么了?我依据“IUCN〞和“RedList〞很简单定位到第三段。首段的是几十年前到现在人将来所持的度，第二段出折，说明当古人于将来的危机意加重。第三段再次折，表示第二段中人所持度是的，即“人将来不会有太大的生计危机〞，并且在此段首句说明点后，用各样信息去和支持一点。“RedList〞很然也是用来明个点的，并且指出人个物种是widel