考研考博-英语-六安职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六安职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

问题1选项

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.确定C选项notto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

问题1选项

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项halos“光晕，光环，色圈”；B选项embers“余烬，余火”；C选项ashes“骨灰，灰烬”；D选项fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：当火焰熄灭，（）闪光，是时候收工了。fireisout和embers“余烬，余火”相对应，符合语境。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thecampershavetomakedowiththeoldequipment.

问题1选项

A.dowithout

B.replace

C.managewith

D.repair

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。makedowith意为“设法应付”；dowithout意为“没有……也行，将就”；replace意为“替换，代替”；managewith意为“设法对付，用……设法对付”；repair意为“恢复，修理”。

句意：露营者不得不凑合着使用这些旧装备。

4.单选题

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

问题1选项

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超过”；beside“在……旁边”；up“在…上方”。句意：我实在无法理解，这份本来很出色的报纸怎么会允许这篇文章被发表出来。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范围。答案B

5.单选题

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：althoughhemaybedull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dullashemaybe；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

6.单选题

WalterAnderson___theHoratioAlgerSocietythesameyearIdid.

问题1选项

A.joinstheranksof

B.jointherankof

C.joinedtherankof

D.joinedtheranksof

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.joinstheranksof成为……的一员B.jointherankof加入……的阶层

C.joinedtherankof加入了……的阶层D.joinedtheranksof成为了……的一员

【考察点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranksof，表示加入了……（团体或组织的成员）。句中thesameyearIdid是一个时间状语，Idid做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。

【句意】沃尔特•安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖•阿尔杰协会。

7.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically综合地，A选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

问题1选项

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾结;displace转移,取代。句意：自由意志使我们能尽情释放自己的激情;自由引领我们走向更高的道路，去开启生命的奥秘。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（

）oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation“观察，监视”；investigation“调查”；inspection“视察，检查”；examination“考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

问题2选项

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

问题3选项

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

问题4选项

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题5选项

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段，一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源，我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。），接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣，一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远；由此可知，造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义，如果穿着风格大相径庭，那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段，因此，D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确；A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到；B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”，这个不是造成这种现象的结果；C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象，该项不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致），这是该段的中心句，接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点，所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意；A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子；B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”，该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子，所以该项不正确；D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒，穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干，该项也不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在职场中，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样……对服饰的选择方面，女性的选择远远多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的职业装应该是模式化，变化少，所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述；B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确；D项“千篇一律”为干扰项，虽然男性的服装变化少，但不代表没变化。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，女性可以如何处理她们的职业装？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质），后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作；由此可以判断，女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循，B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意；A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对；C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确；D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息，接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例，因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨；B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely（）

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause（）.

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis（）.

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance（）.

问题1选项

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

问题2选项

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

问题3选项

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

问题4选项

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

问题5选项

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章以教育问题和世界各国的教育差距引出话题，论述了基础教育的重要性，并将基础教育与其他教育阶段进行对比。文章列举说明了基础教育的重要性，强调落后国家应该对基础教育予以重视。因此，本题选择A项更为合适。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’，however,remainsinCanada.可知，在工业化国家，半个世纪前基本扫除了文盲；他们只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。说明即使是在加拿大这样的发达国家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D项“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正确答案。

3.细节事实题。根据原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知，由于传统和偏见等原因，女孩子不能享受教育资源，继续学业。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

4.细节事实题。根据原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知，世界银行的另一项研究表明，投入小学教育的每一美元，其生产率比投入中学教育的每一美元高出50%，是大学高等教育的两倍。所以对初等教育的投资更有利于扫除文盲。因此，D项表述符合原文内容。故正确答案为D项。

5.细节事实题。根据原文倒数第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知，津巴布韦的小学数量翻了一番，而孟加拉国已经开设了2500多所乡村小学。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韦和亚洲的孟加拉国都加大了对于基础教育的投资力度。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

12.单选题

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

问题1选项

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。relegate“降级”；banish“放逐，驱逐”；deport“驱逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令强迫离开某国或某地”。句意：这些非法移民被抓了，并且被当地政府驱逐出境。此句指的是驱逐出境，故C项正确。

13.翻译题

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(断奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。

2.但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。

3.因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。

4.但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。

5.“这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”

14.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

15.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis

1.______

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof

2.______

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof

3.______

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis

4.______

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery

5.______

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered

6.______

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies

7.______

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants

8.______

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe

9.______

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding

10.______

outagaintothesuburbs.

【答案】1.∧newone→a

2.filling→filled

3.though→/

4.This→What

5.was→were

6.dissimilar→similar

7.lies→lie

8.that→which

9.it→them

10.late→later

【解析】1.考查不定冠词使用。根据句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.（一些城市已经失去了原来的目标，而且还没有找到新的目标）可知，new前面缺少不定冠词a表示泛指某物。

2.考查非谓语动词。根据句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知，非谓语动词fill和who之间属于逻辑动宾关系，所以fill需要用过去分词来表示被动意义。

3.考查比较状语从句。根据句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.（在孟买或巴西利亚的边缘，也有一些落后的城镇，就如在17世纪的伦敦或19世纪早期的巴黎边缘一样）可知，seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis（17世纪的伦敦或19世纪早期的巴黎边缘）这里属于现在的情况与过去的情况进行对比，故不应该用justasthough（就像）引导虚拟语气，所以要删除“though”来表示一种比较。

4.考查句子结构。根据句子Thisisnewisthescale可知，句子中有两个系动词，所以需要把this替换成一个可以充当主语并且引导句子的关系代词来使句子结构合理，所以讲this改为what。

5.考查主谓一致。根据关键词contrasts（反差）可知，这是复数，后置定语中的be动词应该也用复数形式，所以was要改为were。

6.考查句意。根据关键词thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions（贫困人口仍有数百万）可知墨西哥城现在的情况与过去是类似的，所以应该把dissimilar（不同的）改成similar（相似的）。

7.考查单复数一致。根据句子butbehinditliestwomyths（但在这背后有两个神话）可知，这里是完全倒装，真正的主语是twomyths，所以lie应该用复数形式；故将lies改为lie。

8.考查非限制性定语从句。根据关键词that前面的逗号可知，这里是一个非限制性定语从句，that不可以引导非限制性定语从句，所以应该把that改为which。

9.考查代词。根据关键词immigrants（移民）可知，这里应该用第三人称的复数形式them表示，所以应该将it改为them。

10.考查副词。根据句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.（城市神话是应许之地，吸引了来自贫困农村的移民，让他们涌入城市中心；而乡村神话是伊甸园，几代人之后，又让他们涌向郊区）可知，afewgenerations(几代人）、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”与floodingoutagaintothesuburbs（再次涌出郊区）这里对应，指代“几代人之后涌出郊区”，所以应该将late（晚，迟）改为later（后来，随后）。

16.单选题

Ifyouhaveanyquestionorwanttofurtheryourreading,youcanturntothe（）forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject.

问题1选项

A.bibliography

B.biography

C.catalog

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bibliography“参考书目；文献目录”；B选项biography“传记；档案”；C选项catalog“目录；登记”；D选项category“种类；分类”。句意：如果你有任何问题，或想深化阅读，可以翻阅……获得书中的材料的来源和相同主题的参考书。根据提示词turnto“翻到”，和后面的forthesourcesinthisbookandthereferencebooksonthesamesubject“获得书中的材料的来源和相同主题的参考书”。通常文章会将所有引用过的文献记录在文献目录里。因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.

问题1选项

A.formally

B.publicly

C.spontaneously

D.willfully

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析题。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公众名义”；spontaneously“自发地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固执地”。根句意‘我们很难区分有颂袖气质是人（

）做出的事情还是那些为了做样子而故意策划出事情。’可知空格处所填词要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect为了做样子而故意策划”对应，所以C选项“自发地”正确。

18.单选题

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

问题1选项

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干invalidate“使无效，使作废”。A项“摧毁，破坏”，B项“抨击，痛骂”，C项“授权”，D项“加强，增强”。因此选A。句意：几乎没有或什么也没有得到的亲戚声称，死者在签署文件时精神不正常，遗嘱无效。

19.单选题

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

问题1选项

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invariably“总是，不变地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“无污点的”。前半句提到“由于老师与学生共事”，因此“心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的”，选项B符合题意。

20.翻译题

TheSupremeCourtisthehighestcourtoftheUnitedStates,andtheonlyonespecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.AdecisionoftheSupremeCourtcannotbeappealedtoanyothercourt.TheSupremeCourthasoriginaljurisdictioninonlytwokindsofcases:thoseinvolvingforeigndignitariesandthoseinwhichastateisaparty.AllothercasesreachtheCourtonappealfromlowercourts.AsignificantamountoftheworkoftheSupremeCourtconsistsofdeterminingwhetherlegislationorexecutiveactsconformtotheConstitution.ThispowerofjudicialreviewisdoctrineinferredbytheCourtfromitsreadingoftheConstitution,andforcefullystatedinthelandmarkMarburyvs.Madisoncaseof1803.Thedoctrinehasalsobeenextendedtocovertheactivitiesofstateandlocalgovernments.

【答案】参考译文：