大学英语语法之非谓语动词 Non-predicate Verbs课件

EnglishGrammarnon-predicateverbs1terms2features3differences

4application5practiceterms不定式:

infinitive动名词:

gerund分词:

participle现在分词

presentparticiple过去分词

pastparticiple不定式≈n.adj.adv.作V.外任何成分；动名词≈n.作S./O./At./P.分词≈adj.adv.作P./At./Ad./C.非V.特征①有语态和部分时态的变化；②有自己的O.和Ad.同O.和Ad.一起构成短语③有逻辑S.V.特征difference动名词—名词；习惯性动作不定式—将来；一次性动作现在分词:动作进行；表主动过去分词:动作完成；表被动application

infinitive

gerund

participletodo一般式nottodo否定式tobedoing进行式tohavedone完成式tohavebeendoing完成进行式tobedone被动一般式tohavebeendone被动完成式完成式：不定式v.在谓v.之前发生I’mgladtohaveseenyourmother.=I’mgladIhaveseenyourmother.Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.=Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.﹡完成进行式：谓v.发生前,不定式v.一直在进行Theyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.=Itissaidthattheyhavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.⊙研读和比较下列句子:﹡Theyexpectedtheirsontodowellintheexamination.﹡Theyexpectedtheirsontobedoingwellduringtheexamination.﹡Theyexpectedtheirsontohavedonewellintheexamination.usage1S.2P.3O.4At.5Ad.6C.﹡不定式作S.→“It+is/was+adj./n.+不定式Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoteasy.→It’snoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.﹡不定式作P.Herwishistobeateacher.Sheseemstobehappy.下列v.要求不定式作O.afford,agree,aim,appear,care,arrange,choose,decide,desire,demand,determine,help,hope,intend,pretend,learn,manage,mean,offer,seem,strive,tend,wish,plan,promise,refuse,…

﹡不定式作At.不定式通常作后置定语，而且vi.后要加prep.Thereisalotofworktodo.Heisthebestmantoconsult

with.﹡不定式作目状Igotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Istartedearlysoastogettherebeforedark.Istartedearlyinordernottobelate.﹡不定式作原状Weareproudtobemembersofthisteam.Wejumpedwithjoytohearofthegoodnews.﹡不定式作C.AobjectcomplementBsubjectcomplement＊

不定式作宾补Chinaexpectseveryonetodohisduty.Icouldmakethemunderstandme.要求不定式作宾补的v.

ask,tell,want,expect,persuade,allow,forbid,force,oblige,urge,advise,invite…(sb.todosth.)

要求省to不定式作宾补的v.make/have/let(sb.dosth.)＊

不定式作主补Weweremadetopaythemoney.Amanwasseentoenterthehouse.注：主被动语态转换S.asksb.todosth.→sb.beaskedtodosth.S.makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.S.sawamanenter

thehouse.→Amanwasseentoenter

thehouse.S.sawamanentering

thehouse.→Amanwasseenenteringthehouse.TestingStructure1否定式2(介词)+特问词+不定式3复合结构4独立结构5分离不定式＊否定式Youmustpromisenevertodothatagain.You’dbetternotbelatenexttime.＊(介词)+特问词+不定式Wheretostayhasnotbeendecidedyet.(S.)Shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.

(O.)Hehadnoideaofhowtodo.

(O.)＊Iaskhimwheretogetthisbook.＊Thequestioniswhichtochoose.

＊Hecouldn’tfindsufficientgroundsonwhichtobasehisargument.＊Iwantaroomwithbigwindows,throughwhichtoseethesea.O.C./P./At./Ad.＊复合结构：forsb.todosth.Itis+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.adj.为“性格特征或行为表现”用ofThebookistoodifficultforthestudentstoread.Thereisnoneedforhertocome.It’sdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.＊独立结构：作插入语，表示说话人的看法or态度.Tobefrank(withyou),Idon’tcaremuchforyourproject.Theyare,sotospeak,grownupboys.

(可以这么说)Heisnotabadman,tobesure.(固然)＊分离不定式(splitinfinitive)：

在to与v.原之间插入adv.

分裂不定式主要见于文学作品;一般只在不这样处理会引起含义模糊时才使用。能用于分裂不定式的副词不多，主要有以下几类：aadverbialoftimeIwasunabletolongkeepsilence.badverbialofdegreeHelikestohalfclosehiseyes,thinkingoverthequestion.cadverbialofmannerShepreparedtosilentlyaccompanyhim.﹡omissionof“to”1setphrase2setstructure3sentencewithspecialconj.orprep.4asP.

﹡setphrase(1)hadbetter/hadbest(not)do(2)wouldrather/hadratherwouldsooner/hadsoonerdosth.thandosth.would(just)assoondo...asdo(3)may/might(just)aswelldo…(还是…好;还不如…;不妨…)(4)cannotbutdo…

(不能不；不得不)(5)cannotchoosebut(只得)(6)cannothelpbut(不得不)

cannothelp+doing(7)canbut(=canonly)do

(只得，充其量不过)eg＊Iwouldjustassoonstayasgowithhim.＊Wemayaswellbeginatonce.＊Youmayaswelltellthetruth.＊Wemightjustaswellstayathome.Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.＊Icannotbutlaugh.＊Icannotchoosebutstay.＊Icannothelpbutgrieve.﹡

setstructure

感官或使役v.+O.+v.原(宾补)see/hear/watch/notice/observelistento/lookat/feel/perceive…make/have/bid/leave/letsb./sth.

doHemadeherdoso.Bidhimgohome.(叫他回家)Wewillhavetheboymailthisletter.Leavehimgo.(放他走)Lookatthathorsejump.Iheardthemtalkaboutthatfilm.Lettherebenomistakeaboutit.(这事可别出错)＊

有do省toconj.--than,asprep.–except,but,besides,save

Hedidnotdosomuchassayhewassorry.Ididnomorethanmakeabeginning.Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.Mydogdoeseverythingexceptspeak.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavedonenothingsavesendforyou.＊不定式作P.--

S.有do可(不)省toAllIdidwas(to)hithimonthehead.Theonlythingwecandois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.Theonlythingtodois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.WhatI’lldois(to)tellherthetruth.1Themotherdidn’tknowwho___forthebrokenglass.AblamedBtoblameCbeblamedDwouldblameB2Ifthebuildingproject___bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.AbeingcompletedBiscompletedCtobecompletedDcompleted

C3Youwillwanttwotreesabouttenfeetapart,from___tosuspendyourtent.AthereBthemCwhichDwhereC4I’dratherreadthanwatchTV,theprogramsseeming___allthetime.AtogetworseBgettingworseCtohavegotworseDtobegettingworseD5Mrs.Brownissupposed___forItalylastweek.AtohaveleftBtobeleavingCtoleaveDtohavebeenleftA6Mr.Johnsonpreferred___heavierworktodo.AtobegivenBtobegivingCtohavegivenDhavinggivenA7ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut___thepolice.AcalledinBcallinginCcallinDtocallinD8Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust____classes.AattendBattendedCtoattendDattendingA答案：BCCDAADAgerundform

usagetestingstructurepracticedoing一般式nodoing/notdoing否定式havingdone主动完成式

beingdone被动一般式

havingbeendone被动完成式

one’sdoing复合结构usage1S.2P.3O.4O.C.5At.①asS.Thereisnodenyingthis.It’snouse/nogood/uselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.②asP.Hishobbyiscollectingancientgoldcoins.③asO.Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.Sheisveryfondofdancing.Doyoufindstayinghereinteresting?→

S.+vt.+it+adj.+doing④asO.C.

HecalledthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.⑤

asAt.动名词--说明人或物的性能or用途现分作--表明动作进行&主谓关系sleepingpillsasleepingchildtestingstructure:①否定式nodoing/notdoing②复合结构:one’sdoing名词所有格或物主代词名词通格或代词宾格(非正式)It’snousebuyingbooksbutnotreadingthem.Hisgoingtherewon’thelpmuch.Johncomingherewillhelpmuch.Irememberhislockingthedoor.IheardofMissMarycomingback.接动名词作O.的v.

anticipate,involve,remember,forget,forgive,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,regret,avoid,consider,discuss,deny,encourage,finish,like,love,resist,delay,admit，risk,

resume,suggest,advise,allow,permit,dislike,favor,fancy,

endure,enjoy,escape,excuse,leaveoff,overlook,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,prevent,quit,prohibit,recommend,putoff,require,resent,recall,tolerate,appreciate,stop,…approachtodoing,bebusydoing,objecttodoing,feellikedoing,can’thelpdoing,preferdoingAtodoingB,…1Theyareconsidering___beforethepricesgoup.AofbuyingthehouseBwithbuyingthehouseCbuyingthehouseDtobuythehouseC2Buildingthatrailwaywasverydifficultandinvolved___tentunnels.AdigBdiggingCtohavedugDhavingdugB3Shewassoangrythatshefeltlike___somethingathim.AtothrowBthrowingCtohavethrownDhavingthrownB4It’snouse___menottoworry.AyoutellByourtellingCforyoutohavetoldDhavingtoldB5Themoneywillbeusedtokeepaspacevehicleonthemoonbusy___backtotheearthphotographsandotherinformationaboutthesurfaceofthemoon.AtosendBsendingCtobesentDbeingsentB6NoonehadtoldSmithabout___alecturethefollowingday.AtherebeingBtherebeCtherewouldbeDtherewasA7Thetraditionalapproach___withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.AtodealingBindealingCdealingDtodealA8Iremember___tohelpusifweevergotintotrouble.AonceofferingBhimonceofferingChimtoofferDtoofferhimB9Jackneverdreamsof___forhimtoattendthisinternationalconference.AbeingachanceBtherebeingachanceCtheretobeachanceDtherebeachanceB答案：CBBBBAABBparticipleform

usagetestingstructurepractice☆现分doing一般式

notdoing否定式

havingdone主动完成式

beingdone被动一般式

havingbeendone被动完成式☆

p.p.

v-ed(被动)一般式notv-ed否定式usage1P.2At.3Ad.4C.asP.Mypencilwasbroken.

(过分→主语状态)Herspeechwasquitestirring.

(现分→主语性质)asAt.Alostopportunityneverreturns.Thewomansittingatthedeskishissecretary.Thematerialusediscement.注:分词作At.→定从asAd.Istoodwatchingher,notknowingwhattodo.Hewasreliable,judgedbyordinarystandards.※分词作Ad.--其逻S.须与句S.一致①Seeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.②Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.☆

Ad.oftime

①Seeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.②Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.☆

Ad.ofcause①Beingill,hestayedathome.②Convincedoftheaccuracyofthedata,Istucktomyopinion.☆Ad.ofcondition①Workinghard,you’llsucceed.②United,westand;divided,wefall.☆Ad.ofconcession①Workingveryhard,hedidnotfeelalittletired.②Though

beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.

(连词though→加强语气)☆

Ad.ofresult①Aletterhasjustcome,relievingherfromanxiety.②Newmachineswereinstalled,thus/thereby

resultinginan

increaseinproduction.(thus/thereby→加强语气)

☆

Ad.ofmanner①

Travelingbycar,thestudentsvisitedmanyplaces.②ArmedwithMarxism-Leninism,thePartysolvedtheproblemsoneafteranother.☆

Ad.ofaccompaniment①Theteacher,followedbysomestudents,wentintotheclassroom.②Theystayedathomeallday,givingthehouseathoroughcleaning.◎asC.IamsorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.Shewasseengoingupstairs.Theworkwaslefthalfdone.

(谓v.多为使役和感官v.)testingstructure1participleasAd.2absolutestructure

⊙现分与过分作Ad.区别:Pleasefillinthisform,givingyourname,address,etc.Hestoodthere,surroundedbyhisthreedaughters.一般来说现在分词表示主动的意思;过去分词表示被动的意思.⊙分词作Ad.的时态1一般式:分v.与谓v.(几乎)同时发生Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.=Asshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.2完成式：分v.在谓v.之前Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.=Afterwehadcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.⊙

分词作Ad.的强调结构:

分词前加conj.(加强语气)Becarefulwhen

crossingthestreet.Though

beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.☆

分词作Ad.的特殊形式--独主结构

分词作Ad.,其逻S.须与句S.一致;否则，分词前必需有自己的S.即独主结构。1

独主结构：

n./pron.+participlen./pron.+adj.n./pron+adv.n./pron.+infinitiven./pron.+prep.phrase①Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.②

Good-byesaid,hewenthome.____good-bye,hewenthome.ASaidBSayingCHavingsaidDSayC①Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.②

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.③

Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.④Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.①

Schoolover,weallwenthome.②Hesatathisdesk,hisshoesoff.③

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.①Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.②Hismothertocometonight，heisbusypreparingthedinner.③Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.

①

Themusicteacherstoodatthedoor,violininhand.②Thenewteachercamein,asmileonherface.③

OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.独主特点：﹡独主的逻S.与句S.不同，它独立存在。﹡独主结构一般有逗号与主句分开。2with独主结构with+n./pron.+

①现分/过分

②adj.③prep.phr.

④n.⑤ad.

⑥infinitivephr.WithMr.Smithtakingthelead,theydecidedtosetupatent.Withherwelltakencareof,Ileftveryrelieved.Withthequestionbeingsettled,wewenthome.Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen．Themanraisedhisheadwitheyesfullofwonderandmystery．Hestoodtheretrembling,withhisfaceredwithcold．Sheusedtositreadingintheeveningwithherpetdogheronlycompanion．Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl．TheEmperorwalkedintheprocessionwithnothingon．Thenaughtyboystoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown．Heputonhissockswiththewrongsideout．

With10minutestogo,you’dbetterhurry．Withyoutoleadus,ourgroupissuretosucceed．Hesattherethinking,withhischinonhishand．Theoldmanstoodthere,withhisbackagainstthewall．Marywassittingnearthefire,withherbacktowardsthedoor．3独主相关问题：①prep.是in,其前后两个n.均不加任何限定成分;其它prep.与with独立结构不受此限制.Shesitthere,asmileonherface.Athiefburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(withaknifeinhishand.)②人体部位n.作逻S.vi用现分，vt.用过分。Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.2have非谓v.结构havesb.dosth.

叫某人做某事havesth.Done使某事被(他人)做havesb.done使某人被他人做某事havesb.doingsth.听任某人做某事I’llhavehimdoit.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.Yououghttohaveherexaminedbythedoctor.Iwon’thaveyousayingthat.1Allthetasks___aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonaholidayforaweek.AbeenfulfilledBhavingbeenfulfilledCwerefulfilledDhadbeenfulfilledB2___thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn’tgoonwiththeexperiment.ASinceBForCAsDWithD3Ileftthemeeting,thereobviously___nopointinstaying.AwereBtobeCbeingDhavingC4Thesesurveysindicatedthatmanycrimesgobythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictims___reportthem.AunrecordedBtoberecordedCunrecordingDtohavebeenunrecordedA5IfIcorrectsomeone,Iwilldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandself-restraintasifIweretheone___.AtocorrectBcorrectingChavingcorrectedDbeingcorrectedD6WhenIcaughthim___me,Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.AcheatBcheatingCtocheatDtobecheatingB答案：BDCADB1I’veheardhim___aboutyouoften.AspokeBspeaksCspeakDtospeakC2I’mhungry.Getmesomething____.AeatBtoeatCeatingDforeatingB3Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.AwheretochooseBwhichtochooseCtochoosewhatDtochoosewhichB4Theteachertoldthem____makesomuchnoise.Adon’tBnotCwillnotDnottoD5Isawhim___outoftheroom.AgoBhadgoneChasgoneDgoesA6I’mgoingtohavemyradio____.AfixedBtofixCfixDfixingA7Theworkerswantus___togetherwiththem.AworkBworkingCtoworkDworkedC8Theofficersnarrowlyescaped____inthehotbattle.AhavekilledBtokill CtobekilledDbeingkilledD9_____theletter,hewentouttopostit.AWritingBBeingwritingCHavingwrittenDWrittenC10Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair___againstyourface.AmovedBmovingCmovesDtomoveB11Don’tyouremember____?AseeingthemanbeforeBtoseethemanbeforeCsawthemanbeforeDtohaveseenthemanbeforeA12Peoplecouldn’thelp____thefoolishemperorintheprocession.AlaughatBtolaughatClaughingatDlaughingonC13What’sthelanguage___inGermany?AspeakingBspokenCbespokenDtospeakB14We’relookingforward____thephotoexhibition.AtovisitingBtovisitCtohavingvisitedDvisitingA15Ourheadmasteroftentoldus____thingsforgranted.AnottohaveBnottotakeCdidn’ttakeDnottomakeB16Thegirl___underthattreeismysister.AsittingBsitsCissittingDsatA17___someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.AFollowedBFollowedbyCBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollowedbyB18Doyouremember____meatapartylastyear?AmeetBtomeetCmeetingDmetC19Thissentenceneeds____.AanimprovementBimproveCimprovingDimprovedC20Whatareyougoingtodothismorning?I’mthinkingof___tovisitmyaunt.AgoBgoingChavinggoneDmygoingB21____anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.ANotknownBKnownnotCKnowingnotDNotknowingD22Haveyoudecidedwhen____?Yes,tomorrowmorning.AtoleaveBtobeleaveCwillyouleaveDareyouleavingA23Ireallyenjoy____thatkindofjob.AdoBdoingCtodoDtobedoingB24Thereisaholeinyourbag.IknowIamgoingtohaveit__.AmendBmendingCmendedDtobemendedC25Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.AlyingBlieClayDlayingA26Tellhim____thewindow.AtoshutnotBnottoshutCtonotshutDnotshutB27Onlyoneofthesebooksis____.AworthtoreadBworthbeingreadCworthofreadingDworthreadingD28Hehadhisleg____inthematchyesterday.AtobreakBbrokenCbreakDbreakingB29Ican’timagine___thatwiththem.AdoBtodoCbeingdoneDdoingD30Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.AinvitedBtoinviteCbeinginvitedDinvitingA31Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed____.AcatchingBtobecaughtCbeingcaughtDtocaughtC32Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade___byhislittlesister.Acry;tocryBcrying;cryingCcry;cryDtocry;cryA33Theywouldnotallowhim____acrosstheenemyline.AtoriskgoingBriskingtogoCforrisktogoDriskgoingA34Shedidn’tremember____himbefore.AhavingmetBhavemetCtomeetDtohavingmetA35Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.AgrowBgrewCwasgrowingDtogrowA36Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree?AlayBlainClayingDlyingD37Goon____theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.AtodoBdoingCwithDtobedoingA38Therewasterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.AfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowedB39Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.Itisworth____asecondtime.AtoreadBtobereadCreadingDbeingreadC40Shepretended____mewhenIpassby.AnottoseeBnotseeingCtonotseeDhavingnotseenA41Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?I’dliketohavethispackage____,madam.AbeweighedBtobeweighedCtoweighDweighedD42____yourcoatatonce.Wemusthurry.AWearBWearingCPutonDPuttingonC43Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.AinvitedBtoinviteCbeinginvitedDhadbeeninvitedA44____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.AGivenBTogiveCGivingDHavinggivenA45Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.AtohaverestedBrestingCtorestDrestC46LastsummerItookacourseon___.AhowtomakedressesBhowdressesbemadeChowtobemadedressesDhowdressestobemadeA47Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.AbeingtiedBhavingtiedCtobetiedDtiedD48Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparingB49IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.AsailBtosailCsailingDtohavesailedC50Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot____.AturningitoffBturnitoffCtoturnitoffDhavingturneditoffC51Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.AtowashBwashingCwashDtobewashingA52LittleJimsh