(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．mansionn．公馆；宅第2．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓3．philosophyn．哲学4．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孙5．heeln．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟6．Achilles’heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点7．kingdomn．王国；领域8．currencyn．通货；货币9．militaryadj.军事的；军用的10．landscapen．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景11．ancestorn．祖宗；祖先12．courtyardn．庭院；院子13．cattlen．牛14．scentn．气味；气息15．stewn．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.炖；煨16．sensoryadj.感觉的；感官的17．transitionn．过渡；转变；变迁18．Wales威尔士(英国)19．Scotland苏格兰(英国)20．NorthernIreland北爱尔兰(英国)21．Vikingn．维京人；北欧海盗22．Normanadj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的theNormans诺曼人23．Romanadj.古罗马的；罗马的n．古罗马人；罗马市民24．Irishadj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．Confuciusn．孔子2．individualadj.单独的；个别的n．个人3．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长4．nearbyadj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近5．conquervt.占领；征服；控制6．battlen．战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗7．portn．港口(城市)8．chargen．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电9．amountn．金额；数量10．galleryn．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊11．approachn．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近12．ensurevt.保证；确保；担保13．buttern．黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于14．honeyn．蜂蜜15．positionn．位置；姿态；职位16．snackn．点心；小吃17．countyn．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县18．feastn．盛宴；宴会；节日19．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚20．dotn．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布21．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮22．oceann．大海；海洋23．pubn．酒吧；酒馆24．winen．葡萄酒；果酒25．beern．(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．puzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．belongvi.应在(某处)；适应→belongingn．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物，财产3．defencen．防御；保卫→defendv．防御；保卫→defensiveadj.防御的；保护的4．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地5．surroundvt.围绕；包围→surroundingadj.周围的；附近的→surroundingsn．环境6．evidencen．证据；证明→evidentadj.明显的7．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到→achievevt.达到；实现8．locationn．地方；地点；位置→locatevt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9．fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.着迷的10．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．广播员；解说员11．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方12．eageradj.热切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地→eagernessn．热切；渴望13．poetn．诗人→poemn．诗歌→poetryn．诗歌(总称)14．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；致意15．customn．风俗；习俗；习惯→customern．顾客→customsn．海关16．strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的→strikevt.打击；攻击；打动n．罢工17．crowdn．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来2．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱3．belongto属于4．aswellas同(一样也)；和；还5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意6．add...to...把……添加到……中7．referto谈到；查阅；指的是8．takeover接收；接管9．leavebehind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留10．haveagreatinfluenceon对……有极大影响1．carpentern．木匠2．casualadj.随意的；不定期的3．cautiousadj.谨慎的；小心的4．ceremonyn．仪式；典礼5．certificaten．证明；证明书6．challengingadj.具有挑战性的7．changeableadj.易变的；变化无常的8．characteristicadj.典型的；特有的n．特征；特点1．TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引导的宾语从句)联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。2．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略结构)如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？3．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。4．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesth.done)他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。5．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引导的条件状语从句)如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。6．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。7．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(charge，belongto，eager，greet，join...to...，surround)WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，IwasnolongerpuzzledaboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIreland1.joinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.Thefourcountries2.belongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence，buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain，leavingtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencedthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIrelandwhereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwasafeastformyeyesasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichIwas3.surroundedwithbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwas4.greetedwiththerollingmountainsdottedwithsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhich5.chargedasmallamountofmoneyfortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswithacrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chiefachievements.Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI’m6.eagertogothereagain.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇surroundvt.包围；围绕(surroundingadj.周围的；附近的surroundingsn．环境)surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with被……包围(1)Thesurrounding(surround)fascinatinglandscapenearlytookmybreathaway.(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.chargevt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲n．收费；指控；主管•chargesb.with(doing)sth.＝accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人犯……罪chargesb.moneyforsth.因某事/物收某人钱chargeat向……发起冲锋，扑向•freeofcharge＝forfree免费inchargeof掌管(表状态)takechargeof掌管(表动作)inthechargeof被……掌管；由……负责(1)Wehaveenoughevidenceandconfidencetochargeyouwithabuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedusonlyasmallamountofmoneyforwineandbeer.(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作)LastweekwehadaheateddebateaboutwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge/forfree.(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写)Openingitsbloodymouth，thefiercehungrywolfsprangtoitsfeetsuddenly，chargedatmeandwasabouttoeatmeupinonegulp.(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeofathemeclassmeetingdesignedtointroducetraditionalChineseculturestoforeigners.amountn．金额；数量v．总计，共计；相当于，等于•theamountof...……的数量“大量/少量的”表达：alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)•amountto共计，总计；等于，相当于(1)Yesterdaylargeamountsofhoneyandbutterwere(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)Alargeamountofmoneywas(be)spentontheconstructionoftheschoollastyear.(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。Theamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear，whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)Inordertokeephealthy，aproperamountofregularexerciseisquitenecessary.(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)ThemoneyIearnedduringthesummerholidayamountedto300dollars，whichcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.approachn．接近；方法；途径vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近•anapproachto(doing)sth.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近attheapproachof在快到……的时候•beapproaching正在/将要接近with...approaching在……快到的时候approachsth./sb.接近某物/某人(1)WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching(approach)，webecamemoreandmoreexcited.(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)ThepersonIrespectmostismyheadteacherwhoalwaysoffersusdifferentapproachestohandlingourdifficulties.(3)随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之心理描写)(with的复合结构)WiththebusapproachingBrunswick，Vingoshookallover，feelinglikesittingonpinsandneedles.(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写)Janegottoherfeetshakily，approachedherhusbandandthrewherselfintohisarms，sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulders.eageradj.渴望的；热切的(eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地eagernessn．热切；渴望)•beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.渴望得到某物•witheagerness热切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩饰某人的渴望(1)Ilookedatthepoetstraightintheeyesandwantedtoknowthetruthwitheagerness(eager)．(2)Assoonaswecametothenewcity，wefoundourselveseagertohave(have)atasteoflocalsnacks.(3)Theyoungmanwaseagerforagoodpositioninthatcompanyafterhegraduated.(4)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，theboycouldn’thidehiseagerness.breakaway(fromsb./sth.)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱breakup打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂breakdown垮掉；分解；出故障breakinto破门而入breakin破门而入；打断；插话breakout(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发用break短语的适当形式填空(1)Mydogsuddenlybrokeawayfromme，chargedatthedoorandbegantobarkfiercely.(读后续写之动作链描写)(2)Fredhasgivenmenogoodreasonforbeingeagertobreakupourmarriage.(3)FinallyIbrokedown，sheddingtearswithmyfacecovered.(读后续写之心理描写)(4)WhenIgothome，Ifoundmyhousebrokenintoandsomemoneystolen.(5)Hewascharginghismobilephonewhenthefirebrokeout.belongto属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分[belongvi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来belongingn．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产]asenseofbelonging归属感注意：belongto没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。(1)Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，thepoetalmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.(2)Thepubbelonging(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。Itisbecauseofmygenerousandkind-heartedclassmatesthatIfeelasenseofbelonging.aswellas同(一样也)；和；还•aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与aswellas前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。•用作介词时，aswellas相当于besides，inadditionto，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。(1)Yourwifeaswellasyouis(be)friendlyandgenerous，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellaseating(eat)afive-coursemeal，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020·天津，书面表达)Ourheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvitedtodeliveraspeechatyesterday’scoming-of-ageceremony.Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：•with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来的动作)•with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)•with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)•with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.(1)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)→Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用with的复合结构改写)→Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，tearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用独立主格结构改写)(2)随着时间的推移，我能够分辨善恶了。Withtimegoingby，Icandistinguishbetweengoodandevil.(3)有如此多的工作要做，我焦虑不堪，难以入眠。Withsomuchworktodo，IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.(4)完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)Withallthepreparationsmade，hejumpedwithjoy，hiseyesglitteringwithexcitement.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ifany(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if(thereis/are)any...。ifnot如果不是这样的话ifso如果是这样的话ifever如果曾有的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果可能的话(1)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。Pleaseletmeknowhowmanypeoplearecoming，ifany，sothatIcanmakepreparations.(2)如果是这样的话，就没有什么可遗憾的了。Ifso，thereisnothingtoregret.(3)如果可能的话，请提前告诉我你所需要的东西。Ifpossible，pleasetellmewhatyouneedinadvance.(4)Ifitisnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.→Ifnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．chargeeq\x(A.掌管B.控告C.收费D.充电E.进攻)(1)Theyoungmanwaschargedwithabusingdrugs.B(2)Myfathertookchargeofthecompanyfiveyearsago.A(3)Haveyougotyourphonecharged？Itwaspoweredoffjustnow.D(4)Luckily，thewolfdidn’tchargeagainafterIusedwolfspray.E(5)Theoldmanchargedme10dollarsforabottleofhoney.C2．approachA.vt.&vi.靠近；临近B.vt.与……商量C.vt.处理D.n.方法；途径(1)Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.B(2)Shedecidedtoadoptadifferentapproachtotheproblem.D(3)Asthesummerbreakisapproaching，Iwillbefreeforalmostthreemonths.A(4)What’sthebestwaytoapproachthisproblem？C3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionofChiefEditor.职位(2)Afterreadingthebook，youmustputitwhereitbelongs.应在(某处)Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Aprovinceattemptedtobreakawayfromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2．Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelongtome，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3．Aswellastelling(tell)interestingstories，theauthorgavesometipstoprotectourprivacy.4．Surrounded(surround)byfamiliarcolleagues，hefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.5．Chargedwithcopyingotherpoets’poems，thepoetwasfined.6．Theonlyapproachtosolving(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7．Iameagertokeep(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8．Thesupermarketwascrowdedwithpeoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.9．Itisannounced(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10．Seeingthepoetmadethegirlexcited.Shestillrememberedtheguidelinesgiven(give)byhim.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练(参考词汇：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；传染的infectious；抗击battleagainst)话题写作——武汉抗击新冠疫情1．在2020年初，武汉的医生们对他们的发现感到震惊——很多人感染了一种传染性疾病。(what引导宾语从句)Atthebeginningof2020，doctorsinWuhanwereshockedatwhattheyfound—manypeoplewereaffectedwithaninfectiousdisease.2．当得知武汉需要援助时，许多医护人员热切地冒着生命危险前往武汉。(beeagertodo)WhenknowingWuhanwasinneedofhelp，manymedicalworkerswereeagertogotoWuhanattheriskoftheirlives.3．他们夜以继日地工作，采用了各种救助感染新冠的病人的方法。(approach；过去分词短语作后置定语)Theyworkeddayandnight，adoptingvariousapproachestosavingthepatientsinfectedwithCOVID-19.4．由于采取了许多有效措施，武汉重新开始了呼吸。(with的复合结构)Withmanyeffectivemeasurestaken，Wuhanbegantobreatheagain.5．医生和普通老百姓都尽自己的最大努力抗击疫情，所以中国恢复得如此之快也就不足为奇了。(aswella