(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemman．进退两难的境地；困境3．moraldilemma道德困境4．entrustvt.委托；交付5．physiciann．医师；(尤指)内科医生6．residentphysician住院医师7．kindergartenn．学前班；幼儿园8．insurancen．保险；保险业9．importn．进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进10．exportn．出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播11．polen．(行星的)极；地极12．lapn．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈13．cafén．咖啡馆；小餐馆14．pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的15．disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具16．maplen．枫树；槭树17．cartn．手推车；运货马车18．mightn．力量；威力19．fablen．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.记重点单词1．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的4．tuitionn．(小组)教学；讲课5．feen．专业服务费；报酬6．unionn．协会；联合会；工会7．hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用8．colleaguen．同事；同僚9．clinicn．诊所；门诊部10．farawayadj.遥远的11．decaden．十年；十年期12．elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处13．publishvt.发表(作品)；出版14．staffn．员工；全体职员15．principlen．道德原则；法则；原则16．passiveadj.被动的；顺从的17．whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传18．midnightn．子夜；午夜19．bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤20．lipn．嘴唇21．chairmann．主席；主持人；董事长22．chainn．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条23．waitressn．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者24．spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出25．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走26．tearn．眼泪27．despairn．绝望vi.绝望；感到无望28．courtn．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭29．incomen．收入；收益30．perprep.每；每一31．thereforeadv.因此；所以Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustrationn．插图；图解；图示→illustratorn．插图画家2．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryv．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶3．majorityn．大部分；大多数→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修课程4．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn．抱怨；投诉5．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复6．scholarshipn．奖学金→scholarn．学者7．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决8．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；任命；委任→appointedadj.约定的；指定的9．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选10．tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendencyn．趋势；趋向11．retirevt.&vi.退休；退职；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的12．savingn．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→savevt.救；节省；储蓄13．scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaryadj.令人恐惧的14．sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高15．energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energyn．精力；活力；能量16．replacevt.接替；取代；更换→replacementn．更换；更替；替换的人/物17．accidentn．事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地18．operationn．手术；企业；经营→operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operatorn．操作员；话务员；经营者19．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手→assistancen．帮助；援助20．memoryn．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)evt.记住；记忆21．harmn．&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的22．flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn．灵活性23．tensionn．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tenseadj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关2．tuitionfees学费3．tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事4．firstaid急救5．passaway去世6．inmemoryof作为对……的纪念7．tripover被……绊倒8．intears流着泪；含着泪9．indespair处于绝望中10．agreatdeal(of)大量1．compulsoryadj.义务的；强制的2．condemnvt.谴责；使注定3．conflictvt.冲突；斗争4．consciousadj.神志清醒的；有意识的5．consequencen．结果；后果6．conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的7．considerateadj.体贴的；考虑周到的8．consistentadj.一贯的；一致的1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……2．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(the＋序数词＋名词＋todo)她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。3．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.(havingdone作状语)虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。4．DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.(not...until)林医生直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天才退休。5．Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(complain，scare，whisper，reject，precious，despair，replace)LiHua，anenergeticmedicalstudent，waswalkingbyakindergartenwhenanaccidenthappened.Apregnantwomantrippedoverandfainted.Seeingthis，herfirstresponsewastoconductfirstaid，butapasser-by1.whisperedtoher“Thinktwice.”Shewasinamoraldilemma.Afterashorthesitation，shechosetosendthewomantoaclinic.Aphysicianwhohadjustretiredcametoassisther.However，plainedaboutthisforfearofablackmail(讹诈)．LiHuabecame3.scared.Shehadnoincome，savingsorinsurance.Whatifthewomanaskedherforagreatdealofmoney?Maybeshecouldearntuitionfeesorworkasawaitressinanearbycaf．Herscholarshipmightalsohelp.Achainofterriblethoughtsflashingthroughhermind，shewasalmostin4.despair，andthereforecouldnotsleepuntilmidnight.Herfather’swordscarriedherthroughthehardtime.“Patientstendtoentrustadoctorwithlifeandadoctorwillsaveapatientwithallthemight.Whatis5.morepreciousthanlife?Howcanyou6.rejectyourdutyandignoreyourprinciples？”Thefollowingday，shefoundthepregnantwoman’shusbandwaitinginherclassroom.HethankedLiHuaagainandagainintears.Atlast，hertension7.wasreplacedwithpride.Afterwards，LiHuawashiredbyahospitalandacceptedbyhercolleaguesquickly.Soon，shewasabletoperformoperationsinawonderfulway.Adecadelater，shewasappointedtobechairwomanofthehospitalunion.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇respondvt.回答；回复vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应(responsen．回答，答复；反应)•respondto对……做出回应或反应；答复•inresponseto对……的答复；对……做出反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答(1)Shemadenoresponse(respond)totheprinciple，whichmademeboilwithanger.(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。Inresponsetoyourletterofcomplaint，Imadethefollowingpromises.(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.appointvt.任命；委派(appointmentn．约会；约定，预约；委任appointedadj.约定的；指定的)•appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事•make/haveanappointment(withsb.)(与某人)约会/预约(1)Ihavesomethingurgenttohandleandtherefore，Ihavetocanceltheappointment(appoint)withyou，andIwillappointmybrothertomeet(meet)youattheairport.(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learningthatyouhavebeenappointedas/tobechairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Isincerelycongratulateyou.(3)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)Ihavetoapologizetoyoufornotbeingabletoaccompanyyoutothebookshopattheappointedtime.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓(scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的)•bescaredtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死•scareodoingsth.恐吓某人做某事(1)Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.(2)Someparentstrytoscaretheirill-behavedchildrenintobehaving(behave)well.(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江，读后续写)WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath.(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.assistvt.帮助；协助；援助(assistancen．帮助；协助assistantn．助手；助理)•assistsb.todo/indoingsth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.with/insth.在某方面帮助某人•come/gotoone’sassistance来/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下(1)Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteachingassistant(assist)．(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)Inresponsetoyourlastletter，ImakesurethatIwillassistyouwith/inyouroralEnglish.Firstly，Iwillassistyoutocorrect/incorrectingyourpronunciation.(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem，thetwinsmadeit，theirfacesbrimmingwithhappysmiles.harmn．&v．伤害；损害；危害(harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的)•dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.做某事无害处。•beharmfulto对……有害(1)Thephysiciansaysthatthemedicineisharmfultochildrenbutharmless(harm)toadults.(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙)Beingaddictedtoonlinegamesisharmfulto/doesharmtoourphysicalandmentalhealth.Therefore，thereisnoharm(in)gettingridofit.agreat/gooddealof许多的；大量的•agreat/gooddealof许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用agreatmany(of)。•agreat/gooddeal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。•agreatdeal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。(1)Thethiefranagreatdealfaster(fast)thanthepolicemanbutatlasthedidn’tescapebeingcaught.(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。Hespentagreat/gooddealoftimewiththepoorfamilies，andhelearnedagreat/gooddealfromtheexperience.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了……本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比这更……的了。(1)还有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事吗？(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Isthereanythingthatismoremeaningfulthanassistingothers?(2)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB­GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。•此句中的不定式tobehired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前面有theonly，thelast，theright等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。•在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。(1)Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact(contact)youfailed.(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)JohnwasthefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.HewasconvincedthathehadtheabilitytohelpBernardoutofthedifficulty.(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamtheonlystudentinmyclasstogoabroadforfurtherstudy.ThereisnodoubtthatIamthebestpersontoberesponsibleforthejob.(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。Ican’taffordtomisssuchapreciouschancetostrengtheneachother’sunderstanding.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．sharpA.adj.急剧的B.adj.敏锐的C.adj.锋利的D.adv.整点地E.adj.急转的F.adj.清晰的(1)Shestudiedtheyoungmanwithhersharpbrighteyes.B(2)Recentlytherehasbeenasharpdeclineininterestingardeningthroughoutthetown.A(3)Iwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.E(4)Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8∶00sharpthenextmorning.D(5)Allthefootprintsarequitesharpandclear.F(6)Shehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.C2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Hetendstheflowerbedsthathehasplantedinthedriveway.料理；照顾(2)Theoperationofthismachineseemstobesimplebutinfactitisn’t.操作(3)Ithinkthemoralofthestoryistoletpeoplemindtheirownbehaviors.寓意(4)Wewillplaybasketballforhalfanhourinabasketballcourt.球场Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.2．Themajority(major)ofstudentsshowgreatrespectfortheirteachers.3．Hiscolleaguesassistedhimtodecorate(decorate)thehouseforhiswedding.4．Weappointedhertorepresent(represent)ustosendourcongratulationsattheweddingceremony.5．Theboyssetofffirecrackerstoscarethemonkeysintorunningaway.6．Whenthebossarrived，thejoyfulatmospherewasreplacedby/withaseriousone.7.Afterall，itisimmoraltotakeadvantageofothers’weaknesstodoharmtothem.8．Tohissurprise，hefoundagreatdealofmoneyintheenvelope.9．Somefestivalsareheldinmemoryoftheancestors.10．Ihaveneverexperiencedamoreexciting(exciting)momentthannow.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练感谢信——感激被任命为学生会主席1．感谢您任命我为学生会主席。(appoint)Thankyouforappointingme(tobe/as)chairmanoftheStudentUnion.2．我将是第一个帮助那些有困难的同学解决他们困境的人。(the＋序数词＋名词＋todo；assistsb.todo)Iwillbethefirstonetoassistthoseintroubletosolvetheirdilemmas.of)Iwillrespondtoothers’questionspatientlyandsparenoeffortto