中美母猪饲养管理和理念及其营养方案的比较课件

ComparisonofthesowmanagementconceptionandnutritionprograminUnitedStatesandChina

中美母猪饲养管理和理念及其营养方案的比较

Dr.Ganfeng(Ian)Yi易敢峰博士SeniorAssistantGeneralManager资深协理AnimalNutritionR&D动物营养研发DaChanNortheastAsiaCorp.Beijing,P.R.China全国母猪营养与饲养管理技术研讨会湖南长沙,2006年5月27日Part1Pigproductionphilosophy养猪生产的理念和哲学IntegrationofAnimal/FeedProduction饲料，动物生产性能，食品安全，环境和动物福利的和谐统一Factorsimpactanimal/feedproduction

影响动物/饲料生产的因素Profitability$$$利润=(Genetics遗传+Sex性别+Nutrition营养+Productionstage&purpose生产阶段与目的+Environment环境+Diseasecontrol疾病控制)×

Management管理水平

@marketing市场(策划，营销，品牌，规模和预测能力)

Stomach

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Cecum

ColonpH2.5-35-65-66-76-76-7

DiagramfromE.T.Moran,1982PigGITanatomy动物的生殖和生理(猪)Pigproductionsystems

猪养殖环境的差异Segregatedearlyweanedvs.conventionalcontinuous-flowpigs养猪模式与理念的差别HumphreyandKlasing,2004.WorldPoult.Sci.Vol60:90-100Stress,immune,anddiseasechallengeaffectnutrientrequirement应激，免疫，疾病与营养的关系

Epithelialturnoverinthesmallintestine小肠上皮细胞和免疫细胞的周转

CELLDIVISIONMATURATIONMATURECELLFUNCTION:

ENZYMESECRETIONNUTRIENTUPTAKECELLLOSSINTOINTESTINALLUMEN

MUCINSECRETIONCELLDEATHA,100XB,100XC,100XD,100XCytokineEffectsonOrganSystems细胞因子对器官的影响LymphocyteMacrophageHypothalmusACTHAdrenal

glandCorticosteroidLiverAcutephaseproteinsPituitaryIL1IL6TNFIL1IL6TNFFever-cortisol+DHEAIL6cytokinesPart2

Progressonsownutritionandfeedingmanagement母猪营养和饲养管理研究进展Averagepublishedparityatcullingfrom1960-2000is4.2(+/-0.9)andareportedcullingrateof47%(Stadleretal,2004)SowLongevity-summaryof19publishedstudies

(Stadleretal,2004)Lifetimereproductiveperformanceoffemalepigshavingdistinctreasonsforremoval(Luciaetal,2000)8000Sows0-9+ParitiesReproductiveandLocomotionproblemsprimaryreasonsforremovalofyoungsows(Luciaetal.,2000)TypicalpigperformanceinUSA(KSU,1997)Productivityofswine

MainE.U.SpaincountriesAvgIntegratorSows:Farrow./sow/year>2.32<2.20>2.3Piglets/sow/year>22<18>21Weaning,d 27 21 21Daysto20kg<60>6565Fattening20-100kg:Dailygain,g/d>760650750Feedconversion,g/g<2.60>2.802.65Mortality,%<2>63-5Feedinggestationsows(KSU,1997)AveragedailyfeedintakeTIDandNEsystemforpigs(Nobletetal.,1994)

可消化氨基酸体系和净能体系RecommendationofIdealAA:Lysfromdifferentsourcesforgestationsows(ondigestiblebasis,%)(Yi,2005)SourceNRCPettigrewNRCHazzledinePICKim&Wu,Kim&WuYi,2005

USIndustryYear/AA198819931998200320032005(d0-70)2005(d70-114)AverageCorn/SBMLysine100100100100100100100100100ArginineNANANANANA89989480-95Histidine34353233NANANA3330-40Isoleucine704859656059566055-65Leucine709895100NA88959190-100MethionineNA2628NA29NANA2827-36Met+Cys5463707071NANA6667-71PheNA5758NANANANA5755-65Phe+Tyr10510199100NANANA10195-105Threonine706780667679717371-76Tryptophan2114202219NANA1917-22Valine746568726765666867-72SourceARCNRCSpeerPettigrewNRCHazzledinePICKim&WuYi,2005

USIndustryYear/AA19811988199019931998200320032005AverageCorn/SBMLysine100100100100100100100100100100Arginine676763NA53NANA1257580-95Histidine394234354040NANA3830-40Isoleucine70656048566056786256-65Leucine1158011098114112NA17611590-100Methionine55NANA2626NA26NA3327-36Met+Cys55604563495549NA5455-62PheNANANA5755NANANA5655-65Phe+Tyr115117105101113114NANA11195-105Threonine70725867626659706659-71Tryptophan19201614181818NA1817-22Valine701007265857685908085-90RecommendationofIdealAA:Lysfromdifferentsourcesforlactationsows(ondigestiblebasis,%)Londonswineconference-Productionattheleadingedge6-7April2005AssociatedchangesinsowbodyweightandbackfatinCamborough22giltsatbreedingandfarrowingAnalyzedfrom2286records,week52,51,50,49,48,47Below14mm=79.00%Between14-16mm=17.20%Above16mm=3.80%BackfatdistributionatCedarcrestHoofProblems:Whyaretheysodifficulttotreat?

VetAgro()DoubleSoleInterdigitalDermatitisSandcrackDoubleSoleIsoflavone大豆黄酮刘根桃等（1999）用Isoflavone饲喂产前妊娠后期母猪23天后，母猪血清中胰岛素水平下降40.99％,IGF－Ⅰ水平上升73．40％，显著高于对照组，母猪产后第4天IGF－Ⅰ水平显著高于对照组。试验组产后泌乳量显著高于对照组。提高IGF-Ⅰ可能是导致母猪泌乳量显著提高的主要原因。越来越多的研究表明，IGF-Ⅰ在乳腺发育及泌乳中起重要作用。IGF-Ⅰ作用于乳腺组织后，使乳腺血流量增加，并刺激乳腺上皮细胞分化成分泌细胞，从而使乳汁分泌增加。大豆黄酮具有雌激素样作用，一旦进入体内，可能通过与内源性雌激素受体结合面而发挥生物效应，从而改变母神经内分泌状态。刘根桃试验中，泌乳量增加的同时，且初乳中GH、TSH和TGF-Ⅰ含量均显著高于对照组。母猪的分泌乳性有直接影响仔猪出生后的生长。母乳对于新生哺乳