定语从句教案

第第页定语从句教案

Ⅰ.定义

定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词,关系词的'作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as;关系副词：when,where,why。

eg.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.

Thepenwhichmyunclegavemeismissing.

Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.

Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenpeoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities.

Ⅱ.关系代词

1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who,that

eg.Heisaman()neverleavestoday’sworktilltomorrow.

Theboy()isstandingthereismycousin.

2.先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用whom,who,that,

eg.Hereistheman()you’vebeene*pectingtomeet.

Theman()youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.

3.先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which,that

eg.Thetrain()hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.

Childrenliketoreadbooks()havewonderfulpictures.

4.先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which,that,或省略

eg.Thebook()youborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.

Thepen()myunclegavemeismissing.

5.先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose

eg.Heistheprofessor()namewasJackson.

China,()populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingveryfast.

Ⅲ.关系副词

1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when

eg.Ican’trememberthedate()hewentabroad.

I’llneverforgettheday()Ijoinedthearmy.

2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where;其中留意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where

eg.Thisisthevillage()UncleWangoncelived.

Theyhavereachedthepoint()theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.

He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation()heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

3.先行词是reason，在定从中作缘由状语，关系代词用why

eg.Idon’tknowthereason()hewaslate.

Noneofusknowthereason()Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.

4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词+which”来代替。

eg.October1,1949wasthedaywhen(=)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

Thisisthefactorywhere(=)weworkedayearago.

Idon’tbelievethereasonwhy(=)hewaslateforschool.

Ⅳ.关系代词thatwhich的区分:

⒈只用that的状况

①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时。

eg.Thereisnothing()canpreventhimfromdoingit.

②先行词被any,only,few,no,very,little等修饰时。

eg.Thisistheverybook()I’mlookingfor.

③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

eg.Thefirstplace()theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.

Thisisthebestfilm()Ihaveeverseen.

④先行词既有人又有物时。

eg.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons()theyrememberedintheschool.

⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。

eg.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeigner()heknows.

⑥句中已有who或which,为了避开重复时。

eg.Whoistheman()isstandingbesideTom?

⒉不能用that的状况：

①引导非限制性定语从句;

eg.Hehadfailedinthemathse*am,()madehisfatherveryangry.

②介词+关系代词。

eg.Thisistheroomin()myfatherlivedlastyear.

Ⅴ.as引导定语从句时的用法(as相当于thatwhich)

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。

eg.Thisisthesamebook()Ilentyou.

Suchmachines()areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置敏捷，用来修饰整个句子。通常用以下句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIe*pect等。

eg.()Ie*pected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-terme*amination.

Taiwan,()weallknow,belongstoChina.

Ⅵ.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区分:

限制性定语从句:一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思非常明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清晰,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。

非限制性定语从句:通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清晰。通常译为并列的句子。

eg.Iwastheonlypersoninouroffice()wasinvited.(去掉定语从句，意思就不完整)

Tom’sfather,()isoversi*ty,stillworksharddayandnight.(整个句子可分成两句来翻译)

Ⅶ.分隔定语从句

即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。

此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要留意找准先行词。

eg.Thereisane*pressioninhiseyes()Ican’tunderstand.

Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice()wasinvitedtotheimportantball.

IsuggestyouchoosesomeoneIthink()isverykindandfriendly.

选择填空：

1.ItwasApril29,2022PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before

2.)Gutteroilisillegallyrecycledcookingoil,containschemicalsthatareharmfultothehumanbodyandcanevencausecancer.

A.itB.whichC.whereD.that

3.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.

A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that

5.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while

6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofusesitsomewhatdifferently.

A.whichB.whatC.themD.those

7.Abankistheplacetheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there

8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentsallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who

9TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.

A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which

10.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.

A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich

11.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.

A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where

12.Hewassopleasedwithallwehaddoneforhimhewroteusalettertopraiseforit.

A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that

13.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,isknowntoeverybody.

A.itB.asC.thatD.what

14.isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.

A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It

15.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,youwillreachapointinyourlifeyouneedtodecidewhattodo.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

16.Thenovelwascompletedin1978,theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchanges.

A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen

17.Booksbringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindshaveeverlived.

A.whichB.whoC.不填D.that

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