(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学术语（英-汉对照）表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库abbreviation缩写词，略语aptitudetest素质测试Cablative夺格，离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论actor动作者aspect体category范畴addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词addresser发话人associative联想center中心词adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统发音blankverse无韵诗command指令antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词antonymy反义（关系）boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接性动力appropriacy适宜性broadtranscription宽式音标communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘comparativedegree比较级competence能力complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性compound复合词复合句comprehension理解computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意义concord一致(关系)concordance共现关系concretenoun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjunction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制constructvalidity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义contentanalysis内容分析contentvalidity内容效度contentword实义词contextdependent语境依赖的contextofsituation情景语境context语境contextualanalyses语境分析contextualmeaning语境意义contrastiveanalysis对比分析controltheory控制理论controlledlanguage有控制的语言convention常规规约conventionalmeaning常规意义规约意义conventionality常规性规约性conversationalimplicature会话含义conversationalmaxim会话准则converseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则coordinateconstruction并列结构coordination并列coreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpusdata语料库语料corpus(plcorpora)语料素材corpuslinguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数(名词)counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句对联creativity创造性原创性Creole克里澳尔语混和语cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Danilanguage达尼语dataretrieval,DR资料检索database数据库dative(case)与格dativemovement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deepstructure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata无用的语料deixis指称delicacy精密阶denotation外延指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix衍生词汇derivationalmorphology派生形态学descriptiveadequacy描写充分性descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature结构特征determiner限定词developinggrammar发展语法deviant变体deviation偏离变异devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号变音符diagnostictest诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学digitizedsound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音双元音directobject直接宾语directspeech,DS直接言语directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇话语discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析discourseinterpretation语篇理解discrete分离的离散的discrete-pointgrammar离散语法discretepointtest分立性测试disjunction分离关系displacement移位dissimilation异化（作用）distinctivefeature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分do-insertionruledo添加规则domain范围领域dorsal舌背音舌中音dorsum舌背（音）doublecomparative双重比较drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualisticview二分观点duality二重性EearlyModernEnglish早期现代英语economy经济性简洁性ejective爆发音electronicmail电子邮件ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis省略（法）ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子结构embeddedelement嵌入成分emic位学的emotive感情的empirical经验主义的empiricaldata经验主义的语料empiricalvalidity经验效度empiricism经验主义emptycategory,EC空范畴enablingskills使成技能化encoding编码endrhyme末端韵endocentricconstruction内向结构entailment蕴涵entrycondition入列条件epenthesis插音增音equipollentopposition均等对立equivalence相等equivalencereliability相等信度erroranalysis错误分析EST科技英语ethnicityidentity民族认同ethnographyofcommunication交际民族学etic非位的素的eventprocess事件过程example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的机器翻译exchangeerror交换错误exchangesequence交际序列exchangestructure交际结构exhaustive穷尽的彻底的existent存在物existential存在句existentialprocess存在过程existentialquantifier存在数量词exocentric外向的exocentricconstruction外向结构experiential经验的experientialfunction经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学explanatoryadequacy解释充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法expressionminimization表达最底程度expressive表达的extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展标准理论extensive引申的扩展的extent-conditionformat程度条件格式externalevaluation外部评估externalqualifier外部修饰语extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误来源eyemovement眼部移动Ffacevalidity卷面效度facilitation便利促进Fasoldfeasibility可行性feature特征feedback反馈felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条件feminine阴性fiction小说figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征性语言figuresofspeech修辞手段修辞格finiteelement有定成分finite有定的有限的finitestategrammar有限状态语法first-personnarrator第一人称叙述者Firthianphonology弗斯音系学flap闪音flexibility灵活性变通性floppydisk软盘focus焦点中心folketymology俗词源学民间词源foregroundedfeatures突出特征foregrounding突出前景话foreignlanguageteaching外语教学form形式formaldifference形式差异formalization形式化formation形成formative构形成分构词成分freeform自由形式freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言语freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思想freemorpheme自由语素freerootmorpheme自由词根语素freevariant自由变体freeverse自由韵文French法语frequencyeffect频率效应fricative（摩）擦音friction摩擦front舌面前舌前的fullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,FAHQT全自动高质量翻译functionword功能词function功能functionalgrammar功能语法functionallinguistics功能语言学functionalsentenceperspective,FSP功能句子观functionsoflanguage语言功能fusion溶合fuzzy模糊的Ggenderdifference性别差异generallinguistics普通语言学generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法generativesemantics生成语言学genitive属格所有格genre体裁语类German德语given(information)已给信息globaltask整体任务glottal喉音glottalstop喉塞音goal目标governmenttheory支配理论government支配grammaticalanalysis语法分析grammaticalfunction;;grammaticalstructure语法结构gradableantonymy分等级的反义关系gradualopposition渐次对立grammaticalcategory语法范畴grammaticalconcept语法概念grammaticaldescription语法描写grammaticalform语法形式grammaticalmarker语法标记grammaticalmeaning语法意义grammaticalorganization语法组成grammaticalpattern语法类型grammaticalprocess语法过程grammaticalrule语法规则grammaticalsentencepattern,GSP语法句形grammaticalstructure语法结构grammaticalsubject语法主语grammaticalsystem语法系统grammaticalword语法词graphiticform文字形式GriceanmaximGrice准则group词组guttural腭音Hhalf-rhyme半韵hardpalate硬腭head中心词中心成分headedconstruction中心结构heptameter七音步诗行hierarchicalstructure等级结构hierarchicalsystem等级系统hierarchy等级体系high高(元音)historicallinguistics历史语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段homonym同音/形异议词HopiHopi语horizontalrelation链状关系Hornscale霍恩阶humancognitivesystem人类认知系统humanlanguage人类语言humanspeech人类言语humantranslation人译hypercorrection矫枉过正hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系hypothesis假设hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎Iiamb抑扬格iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗行ICanalysis直接成分分析法ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational(function)概念功能identifying认同的idiom成语习语idiomatically-governed习语支配的ill-formedsentences不合适的句子illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行为illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作用imaginative(function)想象功能immediacyassumption即时假定immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法imperativerule祈使规则imperative祈使语气命令的implicate意含implication蕴涵含义implicationconnective蕴涵连接implicature含义言外之意impliedmeaning蕴涵意义implosive内破裂音内爆音inanimate无生命的inclusivenessrelation内包意义indefinite不定的，无定的indicative陈述式陈述语气indirectobject间接宾语indirctspeech,IS间接言语indirectthought,IT间接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语inference推论推理inferencedrawing推论inferentialcommunication推论交际infinitive不定式infix中缀inflection屈折(变化)inflectionalaffix屈折词缀inflectionalmorphology屈折形态学inflectiveendings屈折结尾informationretrieval信息检索informationstructure信息结构informative(function)信息功innateness先天性innatenesshypothesis(语法)天赋假设input输入inputhypothesis语言输入说instrumental(function)工具功integrativetest综合性测试intensifier强调成分intensive强调的增强的interactional(function)交互功能能interdental齿间音interface界面interference干扰interjection感叹词interlanguage中介语interlingua国际语interlingualapproach语际法interlocutor会话者internalevaluation内部评估internalstructure内部结构internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA国际音标internet互联网interpersonal人际的interpersonalfunction人际功能能interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句intonation语调intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系intransitive不及物的intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内源invariableword不变词invention新创词语inversion倒置，倒装IPAchart国际音标图IPSsymbol国际音标符号irony讽刺反话isolatedopposition孤立对立Italian意大利语JJapanese日语jargon黑话行语Jesperson,OttoJohnson&JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernelsentence核心句keyword关键词knowledge知识knowninformation已知信息KrashenKruszewski,MikolajKuno,SusumoLlabel标示标记labial唇音labiodental唇齿音language语言languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语言习得机制languageattitude语言态度languagechoice语言选择languagecomprehension语言理解languagedata语言素材languagelearning语言学习languagemaintenance语言维护languageprocessing语言处理languagestructure语言结构languagesystem语言系统languageteaching语言教学languageuniversal语言普遍性languageuse语言使用langue语言(系统)larynx喉头lateral边音旁流音Latin拉丁语Latingrammar拉丁语法laxvowel松元音length长度音长letter字母level层，级，平面Levinson,Stephenlexeme词位词素lexicalambiguity词汇歧义lexicalchange词汇变化lexicallevel词汇层lexicalmeaning词汇意义lexicalmorphology词汇形态学lexicalstudies词汇研究lexicalword词汇词lexicogrammar词汇语法lexicon词汇词典lexis词liaison连音连续limerick打油诗line诗行linearphonology线性音系学linearstructure线形结构linguisticuniversity语言普遍性linguisticbehaviour语言行为linguisticbehaviourpotential语言行为潜势linguisticcompetence语言能力linguisticcontext语言语境上下文linguisticdata语言素材linguisticdescription语言描写linguisticdeterminism语言决定论linguisticfacts语言事实linguisticrelativity语言相对性linguisticsexism语言性别歧视linguisticstructure语言结构linguistictheory语言理论linguisticunit语言单位linguisticuniversal语言普遍性linguisticvariation语言变异linguistics语言学liprounding圆唇化literallanguage本义语言literarystylistics文学文体学loantranslation翻译借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loanword借词localareanetworks,LAN局域网locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言语行为logicalcomponent逻辑成分logicalconnective逻辑连词logicalformcomponent逻辑式成分logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表达logicalformula逻辑公式logicalfunction逻辑功能logicalsemantics逻辑语义学logicalstructure逻辑结构logicalsubject逻辑主语logophoricity词照应LondonSchool伦敦学派longvowed长元音lossofsound语音脱落loudness响度Mmachinetranslation机器翻译macrolinguistics宏观语言学macroproposition宏观命题macrostructure宏观结构mainclause主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machinesymbiosis人机共生mannermaxim方式准则mannerofarticulation发音方式marked标记的masculine阳性matalinguistic元语言学的material(process)物质过程mathematicalprinciples数学原理maxim准则maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅音原则meaningpotential意义潜势meaningshift转移.,->v.meaning意义mental（processs）思维过程心理过程mentalism心灵主义message信息metafunction元功能metalinguistic元语言的metaphor隐喻metathesis换位（作用）metonymy换喻转喻metre韵律metricalpatterning韵律格式microcomputer微机microprocessor微处理器mid中（元音）mind思维minimalattachmenttheory最少接触理论minimalpair最小对立体minimalistprogramminimumfreeform最小自由形式mirrormaxim镜像准则mistake错误modalsubject语气主语modalverb情态动词modality情态modernFrench现代法语modification修饰modifier修饰语monomorphemic单语素的monophonemic单音位的monophthong单元音monosyllabic单音节的Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法mood语气morph形素词素形式morpheme语素词素形素morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错误morphemicshape词素形状morphemicstructure词素结构morphemictranscription词素标音morphologicalchange形态变化morphologicalrule形态规则morphology形态学morpho-phonemiccomponent形态音位成分morphophonemics形态音位学morphophonology形态音系学morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法变化mothertongue母语本族语motivation动因动机move（移动）MT机器翻译MTquality机译质量multilateralopposition多边对立multi-levelphonology多层次音系学multilingualism多语制多语现象Nnarratee被叙述者narrator叙述者narrator'srepresentationofspeechacts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表达narrator'srepresentationofspeech,NRS言语的叙述者表达narrator'srepresentationofthoughtacts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表达narrator'srepresentationofthought,NRT思维的叙述者表达narrowtranscription窄式音标narrowing狭窄化nasal鼻音nasalcavity鼻腔nasalsound鼻音nasalstop鼻塞音nasaltract鼻道nasality鼻音性nasalization鼻音化Nash,Walternativespeaker操本族语者naturallanguage自然语言naturalisticdata自然语料near-adultgrammar近成人语法negation否定否定结构negative否定的negativeinterference负面干扰negativemarker否定标记negativetransfer负转移neogrammarian新语法学家network网络networkcomputer网络计算机neutralizableopposition可中立对newinformation新信息newstylistics新文体学node节nominalgroup名词词组nominalization名词化nominative主格non-authenticinput非真实语料的输入non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分析non-conventionality非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linearphonology非线性音系学non-linguisticentity非语言实体non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音non-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语篇non-reflexivepronoun非反身代词nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶段nonverbalcues非言语提示norm规范notationsystem标写系统notion意念notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能教学大纲nounphrase名词短语noun名词numbersystem数字系统number数字Oobject宾语object-deletion宾语省略objectivecase宾格objectivity客观性obligatory强制性observationaladequacy观察充分性abstruction阻塞OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre八音步诗行OldEnglish古英语one-placepredicate一位谓语on-linetranslation在线翻译onomatopoeia拟声词onset节首辅音openclass开放类词poetic(function)诗学功能opensyllable开音节perlocutionaryact话后行为poetry诗歌operationalsystem操作系统perseverativecoarticulation重复性polymorphemic(word)多语素operative可操作性协同发音词operator操作词person人称polysyllabic多音节（词）oppositenessrelation对立关系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系统分析opposition对立pharyngeal咽头音喉音Portugese葡萄牙语optimalrelevance最适宜关联pharynx喉头positivetransfer正移转option选择phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感possessive所有的属有的optional可选择的性谈话possiblegrammar可能语言的语oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音声单位postalveolar后齿龈音ordinalnumeral序数词phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙originoflanguage语言起源phoneticalphabet音标菲尔德语言学orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent语音形式postdeterminer后限定词ostensivecommunication直示交部分post-structuralistview后结构主义观际phoneticsimilarity语音相似性点八、、output产出phoneticsymbol语音符号pragmaticinference语用推论overgeneralization过分法则化phonetictranscription标音pragmaticroles语用角色P（法）pragmatics语用学palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics语音学PragueSchool布拉格学palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization(硬)腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定词paradigm聚合体分predicatecalculus谓语演算paradigmaticrelation聚合关phonologicallevel音系层predicatelogic谓语逻辑系phonologicalprocess音位过程predicate谓语paraphrase释义意译phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator谓语（动）词parole言语达predictivevalidity预测效度partofspeech词类phonologicalrule音位规则pre-editing预先编辑译前加工participant参与者phonologicalstructure音位结构prefix前缀particle小品词语助词phonologicalsystem音位系统pre-modifiedinput预修正的输particulargrammar特定语的语phonologicalvariant音位变体入法phonology音系学premodifier前修饰语partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短语动词preposition介词passivetransformation被动转phrase短语prepositionalcalculus介词演算换phrasestructure短语结构prepositionallogic介词逻辑passive(voice)被动语态phrasestructuregrammar短语结构prepositionalopposition介词对patterndrilltechnique句型操练语法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结prepositionalphrase介词短pattern模式构规则语patterning制定模式pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外prescriptive规定式pause停顿语presupposition前提预设peak（节）峰Pitch音高声调高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知时距placeofarticulation发音部位音perfectionism完善主义play剧本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成体plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest语言运用测试plosive爆破音爆发音原则performance语言运plural复数principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主义则performative(verb)行事性动plurality复数形式principleofquantity数量原则privativeopposition表非对立表缺对立process过程productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性proficiencytest水平测试pro-form代词形式替代形式programminglanguage编程语言progressive进行体progressiveassimilation顺同化projectionrule投射规则pronominal代词pronoun代词pronunciation发音pronunciationdictionary发音词典pronunciation发音proportionalopposition部分对proposition命题prosestyle散文风格prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticapproach心理-社会语言学方法psychologicalreality心理现实psychologicalsubject心理主语psychologyoflanguage语言心理学psychometric-structuralistapproach心理测定-结构主义法pulmonicsound肺闭塞音Putonghua普通话QQ-basedimplicature基于质量的含义Q-principle质量原则quality质量qualitymaxim质量准则quantifier数量词quantitativeanalysis定量分析quantitativeparadigm数量变化表quantitymaxim数量准则quatrain四行诗Rrange范围rank级rationalism理性主义rawdata原始素材R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵义■、+-fyreader读者readingcomprehension阅读理解realisation体现recall回忆receivedpronunciation,RP标准发音receiver受话者信息接受者recencyeffect近期效应recognition识别recursion可溯recursive可溯的还原的recursiveness递归性reference所指参照referentialmeaning所指意义referentialtheory所指理论referential所指的reflectedmeaning反映意义reflexive(form)反身形式regionaldialect地域方言register语域regressiveassimilation逆同化regulatory(function)控制性语言功relationmaxim关系准则relationalopposite关系对立relationalprocess关系过程relativeclause关系分句关系从句relativepronoun关系代词relativeuninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevancetheory关联理论reliability信度repetition重复representationalsystem表达系统representational表达实体residue剩余成分restrictedlanguage限制性语言retrievalprocess检索过程retrievalsystem检索系统retroflexsound卷舌音reverserhyme反陨revisedextendedstandardtheory,REST修正扩展标准理论rewritingrules重写规则rheme述位rhetoricalskill修辞技能rhyme韵韵角压韵rhythm韵律节奏Romanalphabetletter罗马字母root词根rootmorpheme词根语素roundvowel圆元音R-principle关联原则rulesystem规则系统rule-basedapproaches基于规则的方法rulesoflanguage语言规则Ssamenessrelation相同关系Sanskrit梵文Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure索绪尔scaleofdelicacy精密阶schema图式scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式的语言secondlanguageacquisition第二语言习得secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元音secondarystress次重音segment音段selectionrestriction选择限制selectionalrules选择规则self-reflexive自反身semanticassociationnetwork语义关联网络semanticchange语义变化semanticcomponent语义部分semanticfeature特征semanticinterpretation语义解释semanticinterpretativerules语义解释规则semanticprocess语义过程semanticrepresentation语义表达semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义句型semantictriangle语义三角semantics语义学semi-consonant半辅音semioticsystem符号系统semiotics符号学semi-vowel半元音senserelation意义关系sense意义sentence句子sentencefragments句子成分sentencemeaning句义sentencememory句子记忆sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子结构sententialcalculus句子演算setting场景sibilant咝擦音sign符号signified所指受指signifier能指施指simile明喻simultaneity同时性singular单数situationalcontext情景语境situationallevel情景层situationalsyllabus情景教学大纲situationalvariation情景变异slot空缺socialrole社会角色socialsemiotic社会符号学socio-culturalrole社会文化角色sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics社会语言学sociologicalapproach社会学方法softpalate软腭solidarity团结sonnet十四行诗sonorant响音sonorityscale响音阶sound语音soundimage语音图像soundpattern语音模式soundsegment音段soundsystem语音系统soundwave音波speaker'smeaning说话者意义speech言语speechacttheory言语行为理论speechcommunity言语社团speechcomprehension言语理解speechevent言语事件speechfunction言语功能speechmode言语方式speechorgan言语器官speechperception言语感知speechpresentation言语表达speechproduction;言语产生speechresearch言语研究speechrole言语角色speechsound语音speechsynthesis言语合成spelling拼写,拼法splitinfinitives分裂的不定式spokencorpus口语语料库spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻译spondee扬扬格spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象spread展元音S-structure表层结构stability稳定性stabilityreliability稳定性效度StandardEnglish标准英语standardtheory标准理论standardization标准化statisticalanalysis统计分析status地位stem词干stimulus刺激stimulus-response刺激反应stop闭塞音storedknowledge储存知识strategicknowledge学习策略知识stratification层streamofconsciousness意识流stresspattern重音模式stress重音structuralanalysis结构分析structural(structuralist)grammar结构语法structuralsyllabus结构教学大纲structuraltest结构测试structuralism结构主义structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言学structuralistview结构主义观点style文体风格stylisticanalysis文体分析stylistics文体学subcategorize次范畴subject主语subject-deletion主语省略subjectivetest主观性测试subjectivity主观性subjunctivemood虚拟语气subordinateconstruction从属结构subordination从属substitutability替代性substitution替换suffix后缀superlativedegree最高级superordinate上坐标词suprasegmentalfeature超语段特征surfaceform表层形式surfacerepresentation表层表达surfacestructure表层结构syllabicstructure音节结构syllabification音节划节syllable音节syllabusdesign教学大纲设计syllabus教学大纲syllogism三段论法symbol符号synchronic(linguistics)共时(语言学)synonym同义词synonymous同义的synonymy同义现象syntacticcomponent句法部分syntacticfeatures句法特征syntacticfunction句法功能syntacticmarker句法标记syntacticprocess句法过程syntacticres