(完整版)现在分词用法与练习

现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义

二、现在分词的句法功能名称形式意义例句一般式doing与其逻辑主语构成主动关系;与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生Theprofessorcamein,followingtheheadmaster.教授跟着校长进来了。现在分词的被动形式beingdone强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.现在正讨论的问题很重要。现在分词的完成式havingdone分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前Havingstudiedthemap,Iknowwhichwaytogo•仔细看完地图后，我知道该走哪条路了。现在分词的完成被动式havingbeendone分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系Havingbeenscoldedmanytimesbytheboss,hedecidedtoleave•被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。1．作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。Theswimmingboyismyelderbrother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。Telltheboysplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise•告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。2．作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来很有趣。Thenewswasdisappointing.这个消息令人失望。【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows．(=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)你的任务是擦窗户。3．作补足语(1)现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，lookat，listento，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar．我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。(2)上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。ShewasheardsinginganEnglishsongyesterday・昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。Acookwillbefiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。(3)with+宾语+v-ingWithsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.4・作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。(1)表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad・(=Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.)过马路时小心点。HavingturnedofftheTV,hebegantodohishomework•关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。(=AfterhehadturnedofftheTV．hebegantodohishomework．)(2)表示原因Beingsoexcited,shecouldn'tgotosleep．(=Becauseshewassoexcited,shecouldn'tgotosleep.)因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。Nothavingreceivedhisreply，shedecidedtomakeacalltohim．(=Becauseshehadn'treceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim.因为没有收到他的回信，她决定给他打个电话。⑶表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。①Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.(=Theteachercameintotheclassroomandheldabookinhishand.)老师手拿一本书走进教室。②Hecamerunningintotheroom.(=Hecameandranintotheroom)他跑进屋来。(4)表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus,thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开,常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主

语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。①Thecarwasheldupbythestorm，causingthedelay.(=Thecarwasheldupbythestormandcausedthedelay.)汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。②Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.(=Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,andlefttheprojectunfinished.)那位老科学突然去世，下未尽的事业。那位老科学突然去世，下未尽的事业。Heturnedoffthelamp,(thereby)seeingnothing.(=Heturnedoffthelamp,therebyhesawnothing.)他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincreaseinproduction.)大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。(5)表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard,you'llsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard，you'llsucceed.)努力工作，你就会成功。(6)表示让步，常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn'tstopworking.(=ThoughBillyfelttired,hedidn'tstopworking.尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工作。提示：如果现在分词作时间，条件或者让步状语时，前面可以直接加相应的连词，如when,while,unless,if,though。Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad．Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn'tstopworking三、分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前。Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesn'tdaretogotoschool．小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。四、独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking总的来说；judgingfrom/by根据判断；speakingof说到；talkingof谈到；franklyspeaking坦率地说；allowingfor考虑到。Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry．从他的脸色上看，他很生气。Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。Franklyspeaking，thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地说，这部车不值得买。五．基础练习题Hesatthereanovel.A.readB.readingC.readsD.hadreadDon'twakeupthechild.A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepingD.sleepyAproverbgoes:‘A___stonegathersnomoss'.A.rollB.rollingC.rolledD.rollsTheheavyrainkeptusfortwohours.A.waitB.waitedC.waitingD.towaitWefoundthebabyonthefloor.A.sleptB.sleepC.asleepD.sleepingJacksawawomannearthedog,sohewalkeduptoher.A.stoodB.standsC.tostandD.standingourshoesinourhands,wecrossedthestream.A.TocarryB.CarryingC.CarriedD.Carrymyhomework,Iwenthome.A.HavingfinishedB.FinishedC.BeingfinishedD.Finishthedoorunlocked,Iwentin.A.FindingB.FoundC.HadfoundD.Havefoundacarelessfellow,heforgetallaboutit.A.IsB.BeC.BeingD.WasYoumustbecarefulwhen___onthehighway.A.youdrivingB.aredrivingC.drivingD.youweredrivingEnginesaremachines___powerormotion.A.produceB.producingC.producedD.whichproducing13Weather,wewillhaveapicnictomorrow.A.permitB.permitsC.permittedD.permittingThevacationover,thestudentscamebacktoschool.isB.areC.wasD.being___thepainting,hegaveasighofrelief.A.FinishingB.HasfinishedC.BeingfinishedD.Havingfinished___thewaytotake,thetravellerwentonhisjourney.A.TellingB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.Havetold17.Don'tsittherenothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoingThewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocoverTom'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snousewithhim.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally“Youcan'tcatchme!”Janeshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranIcould'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonformanyyears,thetwobrotherscan'trecognizeeachother.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated24.Themanager,itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making25.Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torunHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passingHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.puttingAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedIcouldn'tfindmykeytothecarwhenhome.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.havingleftThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackC.lackingD.lackedinThegirlwaslastseennearthepark.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playD.missed;toplay.A.torepairbikesB.bikestoberepairedC.bikesbeingrepairedD.repairingbikesTheoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery■A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frighteningC.frightening;frighteningD.frightened;frightened—Didyoutellherthenews?—No,ofcoursenot.—Butfromwhatshesaid,shemusthaveknownaboutit.A.judgeB.judgedC.beingjudgedD.judgingfullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NotbeingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Nothavingmade六．真题再现WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."（99）A.readB.readsC.toreadD.readingRecentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.（11江苏31'）A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcomparedThetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.（2010浙江）A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighingThegovernmentplanstobringinnewlawsparentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.（09江西34）A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforcedAtthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosed（2007全国II）C.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandcloseThepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.（2000•北安春招・15）A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungAfteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother'svoicehim.（2007上海）A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocallTheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.（2000・上海・39）A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplayIwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.（2006辽宁）A.study;ofwhomC.studying;ofthemstudy;ofthemD.studying;ofwhomWhilewatchingtelevision,.（2005全国HI）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsweheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsWhendifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（2006浙江）A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared"Can'tyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.（93）A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointingThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.（94）A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedTheglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007・天津•6）A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havingletOilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005山东）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereachingMoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.（2005上海）A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentakenSuddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,intothewoods.（2004上海春招）A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.Seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearingThemanager,hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.（2003安徽春招）A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknownThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.（2002上海）A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinSitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyourfeet.（11北京）A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekeptTheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.（2010江苏）A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabledLotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,uppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.（2010福建）A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesentTheladywalkedaroundtheshops,aneyeoutforbargains.（2010江西）A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeepAttheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonandwhattodoabouthisfuture.（09湖南25）A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderD.living;wonderedWhenwevisitedmyfamilyhome,memorycameback.（09辽宁22）A.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.floodedInApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.（09福建）A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked29.theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.（08A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.BeingthrowninthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.（08安A.TowalkB.WalkingC.WalkedD.HavingwalkedWehadananxiouscoupleofweeksfortheresultsoftheexperiment.（08四川）A.waitB.tobeingwaitingC.waitedD.waitingBatsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,somealifespanofaround20years.A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohaveThestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.（2005•全国）A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedThemanager,itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makingDina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostrugglesuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（01A.sufferingB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.sufferedthathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.（08浙江）A.NotrealizedB.Nottore