2018年12月英语四级考试真题

2018年12月英语四级真题选词填空PartA:选词填空【试题】Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26. occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27. withairpollution.Onlyconsideringlostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28. likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29. overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30. itasan“urgentcalltoaction.” “Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31. ,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslostlaborincome32. nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlowandmiddleincomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33. experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34. tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedailments.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel35. havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachesinthetensofthousands.【解析】[F]damage解析：“Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious occurringinthedevelopingworld”由最高级限定"themostserious可知此处为名词且内容应与前半旬性质相同，联系句义选项[F]damage符合。[B]associated解析：“Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts withairpollution此处选词需与介词with搭配，联系上下文，figures指代全球空气污染相关的花费数据，选项 [B]associated符合句义。[M]sources解析：“Indoorpollution,whichincludes likehomeheatingandcooking,…”由介词like可知homeheating与cooking为空格处选词的举例，联系indoorpollution与homeheating/cooking的关系，可知此处 [M]sources符合。[D]constant解析： ”…，hasremainedoverthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea由”;despite可知空格处选词与后文advances成转折逻辑，且后文outdoorpollution部分描述的是污染趋势 (havegrownrapidly)，联系动词remain的词义与常见搭配，选项[D]constant符合句义。[G]described解析：“ChrisMurrayitasan'urgentcalltoactons处应为谓；语动词，联系介词as的搭配及后文引用(an“urgentcalltoaction，可知此处应”)选[G]described。[E]control解析： ”…theairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle由havelittle可知空格处选词应为不可数名词且能与从句提前的介词over搭配，联系上下文还原从句 “havelittle overtheairwebreathe，可知选项”[E]control符合句意。[H]equals解析： ”…，whereinsomeplaceslostlaborincome_nearly1%ofGDP；联系上下文可知此句由“lostlabo门ncome与“'nearly1%ofGDP之间的关系描述空气污染带来的损失之严重，选项[H]equals符合。[K]regularly解析： “wherethey experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution空格处选词应为副词性，且此句依然在叙述发展中国家所面对的污染”;情况之严重，理解句义，选项[K]regularly符合。[I]exclusively解析：“Buttheproblemisnotlimited tothedevelopingworld联系上下文，可知此处转折句义指空气污染并不只是发展中国家的问题，选项[I]exclusively符合句义。[O]vehicles解析： ”…，wheredieselhavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachesinthetensofthousands联系前文可知句中”;thatnumbers指代过早死亡 (prematuredeath)的人数，而 where从句描述的是这一人数上万(reachestensofthousands)的背景 /原因，联系 diesel(柴油机)词义可知此处选项[O]vehicles符合。2018年12月英语四级长篇阅读真题答案解析SectionBFood-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgressSeveraltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph ’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy. “Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning? ”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning. ”ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”shreeantshkuss,ihaesmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit. “I’mnotthey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat. ”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit ’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（药物）.Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas ‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood, ”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,lteherofoodplaysintheirlives. ”InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables."It'sadifferentparadigjfc^)ofhowtotreatdisease,“saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcentedrsacnhoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient ’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”题目解析：本篇长篇阅读难度较低，基本上匹配段落与题干都可找到一致性的词语，做题时只需依照固定的思路和方法进行即可。文章无需仔细阅读，先从题干出发，选择名词作为关键词，接着以段落为单位在各个段落的收尾处进行关键词的对应。在寻找关键词的同时应注意两点，同义替换以及特殊单词 （中文释义、转折词 ）。做题时应先易后难提高效率。MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.答案：D解析：本题考查同义替换D】Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren. “InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.答案：B解析：本题考查原词定位B】ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.答案：G解析：本题考查同义替换 +概括总结【G】InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.答案：A解析：本题考查同义替换【A】Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph ’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy. “Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning? ”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning. ”Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.答案：I解析：本题考查同义替换Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient ’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient ’sfamily. “Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionis

oneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.答案：F解析：本题考查同义替换与概括总结。[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood, ”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives. ”Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.答案：C解析：本题考查同义替换。mnot[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit. “Imnotthey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.答案：J解析：本题考查同义替换。[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.答案：E解析：本题考查同义替换。[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit ’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（ 药物）.Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas ‘ShopwithyourDoc ’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.答案：G解析：本题考查同义替换。[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’ofshighratesobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.今天拿到的第一篇真题是手机和阅读，字数 146。整体难度没有变化，但词汇的难度，应该说，照以往稍有下降，主要是没有很生僻的单词，而且其中有许多词汇都是考过很多遍的，如快速发展、增长、影响、大量、稳步增长等等。唯一需要注意的词汇就是报刊，这是两个英语单词构成的并列结构。句式方面，也并没有特别难，只有最后一句是一个句号三个片段的句子，其它都是一个句号一个或两个片段，句间逻辑非常好处理。从单个句子的翻译来看，只要掌握了成份对应翻译法，就可以得到相当好的分数。相信今年考试的同学，都会取得非常不错的分数。第一篇真题及范文：由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。Duetothefastdevelopmentofcommunicationnetworks,thenumberofsmartphoneusersgrowsatanamazingrateinrecentyearsinChina.Thishaschangedmanypeople’swaysofreadingdramatically.Today,theyoftenreadnewsandarticlesontheirsmartphonesinsteadofbuyingtraditionalnewspapersandperiodicals.Thedevelopmentofmanymobileappsenablespeopletoreadnovelsandotherformsofliteraryworksontheirsmartphones.Therefore，thesaleofpaperbooksaresuffering.However,accordingtoasurvey,morethanhalfofadultsstillliketoreadpaperbooks,despitethesteadygrowthofthesmartphonereadingmarket.第二篇：手机支付过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金和信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。ThepastfewyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofmobilepaymentmarketinChina.Withtheappearanceofmobileinternet,shoppingoncellphoneshasbecomeatrend.Youngpeoplefrom18to30makeupthebiggestgroupofusersofthemobilepaymentmarket.Asitisveryeasytopaybycellphone,manyconsumersprefertousephonestopayforshopping,ratherthanusecashorcreditcards.Toencourageconsumption,manyshopsofferdiscountstothosewhousemobilepayment.Accordingtothepredictionofexperts,therearestillgreatpotentialofdevelopmentinChina'smobilepaymentmarketinthefuture.第三篇：越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人，包括老年人都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。Today,moreandmoreChinesecannotlivewithoutmobilephones，indeed.Manyofthem,includingtheelderly,keepintouchwithothersandbroadentheircircleoffriendswithmobileapps.Theyalsousetheircellphonesforonlineshoppingandsearchingforinformationascellphonesareeasytocarry.Inaddition,thecommunicationbymobileapplicationsischeaperthanthatbytraditionalphones.However,thisnewtrendmakespeopleover-reliantonmobilephonesforsocialinteraction.Infact,someyoungpeoplehavebecomesoaddictedthattheyignoredtheface-to-facecommunicationwiththeirfamilyandfriends.2018年12月英语四级考试写作答案解析 （大城市篇 ）试题：Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore