《有机化学》课后习题答案

医用有机化学课后习题答案（2009）/r/n第1章绪论/r/n习题/r/n7/r/n指出下列结构中各碳原子的杂化轨道类型/r/n解： /r/n3/r/n/r/nsp/r/n3/r/n

/r/nsp/r/n3/r/n3/r/n

/r/nsp/r/n2 /r/nsp/r/n2/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n/r/nsp /r/nsp/r/n

/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n

/r/nCHCH=CH/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nOCH/r/n3 /r/n3 2/r/nsp/r/n3 /r/nsp /r/nsp/r/n

/r/nsp/r/n2 /r/nsp/r/n2 /r/nsp/r/n2/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nCHCH/r/n/r/n≡/r/n/r/nCH /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCH=CH-OH/r/n3 2 3/r/n第/r/n2/r/n章链烃/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n用/r/nIUPAC/r/n法命名下列化合物或取代基。/r/n解/r/n3/r/n二乙基戊烷/r/n /r/n6/r/n三甲/r/n-5/r/n丙基辛烷/r/n二甲/r/n己烯 /r/n甲/r/n乙/r/n己烯/r/n甲/r/n丙/r/n己烯 /r/n丙烯基/r/n（/r/n8/r/n）/r/n2/r/n，/r/n2/r/n，/r/n6-/r/n三甲基/r/n-5-/r/n乙基癸烷/r/n（/r/n9/r/n）/r/n3-/r/n甲基丁炔/r/n化合物/r/n三甲基己烷分子中的碳原子，各属于哪一类型（伯、仲、叔、季）/r/n解：/r/n1°/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n2°/r/nCH /r/n2°/r/n

/r/n1°/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n1°/r/n3 /r/n2 /r/nCH CH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n3/r/n1° /r/n1°/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n3° /r/n2°/r/n命名下列多烯烃，指出分子中/r/n解：/r/n丁二烯/r/n戊二烯/r/n亚甲基环戊烯/r/n辛三烯/r/n环己二烯/r/n辛二烯/r/n）/r/n按稳定性增加的顺序排列下列物质，指出最稳定者分子中所含的共轭体系/r/n解/r/na/r/n /r/na/r/n12/r/n）无/r/n有/r/nH/r/nCH/r/nH/r/n3/r/nC=C/r/n

/r/nCH /r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/n3/r/nC/r/n=/r/nC /r/n2 5/r/n3/r/nH /r/nC/r/n/r/nH /r/nH /r/nH/r/n有/r/n

/r/n2 5/r/nCl /r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/nC/r/n=/r/nC /r/n4/r/n /r/n9/r/n

/r/nBr /r/nH/r/nC/r/n=/r/nC/r/n

/r/nBr /r/nH/r/n

/r/nCl /r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/n4 9/r/nBr /r/nC/r/n=/r/nC/r/n

/r/nBr /r/nCH/r/nC/r/n=/r/nC/r/n /r/n3/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）有/r/n

/r/nH /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nH /r/nCl/r/nCH/r/nCH/r/nCH/r/n2 5 /r/n2 5/r/nC/r/n=C /r/nC/r/n/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n/r/n3/r/nCHCH/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/n

/r/n2 5 /r/n3/r/nCH/r/nC/r/n=/r/nC/r/nCH/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/n2 5/r/n经高锰酸钾氧化后得到下列产物，试写出原烯烃的结构式。/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n—/r/nCHCH/r/n

/r/nC CH/r/n= /r/n2/r/n /r/n3 2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n/r/nC CHCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n

/r/nCHCH/r/n

/r/nCHCHCH/r/n3 2 2 /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n3 2 /r/n= /r/n2 3/r/n）/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH=CHBr/r/n17/r/n/r/n试给出经臭氧氧化，还原水解后生成下列产物的烯烃的构成式。/r/n3/r/n解/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/n2/r/n /r/n）/r/nC/r/nH/r/nC/r/n2 /r/nC/r/n /r/nCHCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC C CH/r/n3 /r/n21/r/n/r/n用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物/r/n庚炔 /r/n己二烯 庚烷/r/n丙烷 丙炔 丙/r/n解/r/n）/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n丙烷/r/n（一）/r/n丙炔/r/n丙烯/r/nBr/r/n2/r/n丙烷/r/n（一）/r/n丙炔/r/n丙烯/r/nBr/r/n2/r/n(CCl/r/n4/r/n) /r/n褪色/r/n褪色/r/n[Ag(NH)]NO/r/n白/r/n↓/r/n（一）/r/n24/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHC/r/n≡/r/nCH/r/n/r/n2 2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHCBr/r/n2/r/nCHBr/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nBr Br/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nBr C CH /r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHC /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2 /r/nC CH CH/r/n2 /r/nNi/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHCH/r/n

/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nBr/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHC CH+/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n解/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/nCHC/r/nC/r/n3/r/n /r/nC/r/nC/r/nCH(Br)CH(Br)C/r/nC/r/n3/r/nE. /r/n第/r/n3/r/n/r/n章 环/r/n/r/n烃/r/n习题/r/n1 /r/n命名下列化合物：/r/n解：/r/n/r/n甲/r/n环丁基己烷 /r/n二乙基环丁烷/r/n甲/r/n乙基环戊烷 /r/n二甲基二/r/n辛烷/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）/r/n1/r/n，/r/n6-/r/n二甲基螺/r/n[3.4]/r/n辛烷/r/n解：/r/n写出下列芳香烃的名称：/r/n解：/r/n甲苯 /r/n对异丙基甲/r/n苯/r/n甲/r/n异丙基/r/n)/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n2/r/n，/r/n4-/r/n二硝基甲苯/r/n根据/r/n规则判断下列化合物是否具有芳香性：/r/nH/r/nckel/r/nπ/r/n+/r/n）有/r/nn=/r/n）/r/n）有/r/nn=/r/n）/r/n）无；/r/n）有/r/nn=/r/n）有/r/nn=/r/n）无；/r/n解：/r/n解：/r/n解：/r/n）/r/n硝基苯/r/n4/r/n章对映异构/r/n习题/r/n2/r/n/r/n用/r/nR/S/r/n/r/n构型标记法标出下列各化合物的绝对构型/r/n解：/r/n溴戊烯 /r/n溴丁烷/r/n-2/r/n羟基丙酸/r/n /r/n-2/r/n羟/r/n-3/r/n氯丁酸/r/n4/r/n请判断下列各对化合物中哪种是有手性的。/r/n）第一个是非手性分子，第二个手性分子（/r/n1/r/n个手性碳原子）/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）第一个是手性分子，第二个非手性分子（内消旋体）/r/n6/r/n写出下列化合物的/r/nFischer/r/n投影式/r/n:/r/n解：/r/n(1)/r/nH/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCl/r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/n2 5/r/n

/r/n(2)/r/nHO/r/nCl/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nHH/r/nCH/r/n2 5/r/nCH=CHH/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n2/r/nH/r/n2/r/n

/r/nCOOH/r/nNH/r/n2/r/nCHOH/r/n2/r/n8/r/n/r/n解：/r/n(1/r/n(2)/r/n(3)/r/n）错误；/r/n(5)/r/n错误/r/n9/r/n/r/n解：/r/nA /r/nCH=CH/r/n2/r/nB /r/nCOOH/r/nC/r/nH/r/nC/r/n2 5/r/nH/r/nBr/r/nH/r/nBr/r/nH Br/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/nC/r/n2 5 /r/n2 5 /r/n2 5/r/n5/r/n章卤代烃/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n/r/nl/r/n反应与/r/n2/r/n反应各有哪些特点？/r/n解：/r/nS1/r/n机理的特点可总结为：①反应是分步进行的；②单分子反应，一级反应；③有碳正离/r/nN/r/n子中间体，可能发生分子重排；④产物部分外消旋化。/r/nS2/r/n反应的特点可总结如下：①反应不分步连续完成；②双分子反应，二级反应；③构型/r/nN/r/n完全转化。/r/n4/r/n/r/n命名下列化合物：/r/n解/r/n2/r/n甲/r/n-3/r/n溴丁烷/r/n /r/n2/r/n甲/r/n-2/r/n溴丁烷/r/n/r/n2,3,3/r/n三甲/r/n-1/r/n溴戊烷/r/n戊烯 /r/n苯/r/n氯丁烷/r/n6/r/n/r/n完成下列反应式（/r/n）/r/n）/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nBr/r/nBrC/r/nH/r/n

/r/n△/r/nKOH-/r/n乙醇/r/n△/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nKMnO/H/r/n+/r/n4/r/nC/r/nH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCOOHO/r/nC/r/nH/r/n3/r/n8/r/n/r/n写出/r/n溴丁烷与下列试剂反应的主要产物。/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nCHCHCHCHOH/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCHCHCH=CH/r/n3 2 2 2 3 2 2/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nCHCHCHCHCN/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）/r/nCHCHCHCHONO/r/n3 2 2 2 /r/n3 2 2 2 2/r/n/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）②/r/n>/r/n③/r/n>/r/n①/r/n;/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）③/r/n>/r/n①/r/n>/r/n②/r/n;/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）②/r/n>/r/n③/r/n>/r/n①/r/nKOH/r/n/r/n醇溶液中脱/r/nHBr/r/n/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n

/r/nBr/r/n|/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n/r/nC /r/n

/r/nBr/r/n|/r/nCHCH/r/n/r/n

/r/nCHCHCH/r/n/r/nBr/r/n3 2/r/n/r/n| /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n3 2 /r/n

/r/n3 2 2/r/nβ/r/n-/r/n解：/r/nCHC=CHCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n| /r/n2 /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n（主产物）/r/nCH/r/n

/r/n和 /r/nCH/r/n/r/nCHCH=CHCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n| /r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n| /r/n3 /r/n| /r/n3/r/nCHC=CCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n| /r/n2 /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n和 /r/nCH/r/n/r/nCHC=CHCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n| /r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n（主产物）/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCHCH=CCH /r/n和 /r/nCH/r/nC=CHCHCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n| | /r/n3 /r/n3/r/n/r/n| /r/n| /r/n3/r/nCH C/r/n/r/nH /r/nCH /r/nC/r/n/r/nH/r/n3 6 5/r/n（主产物）/r/n

/r/n3 /r/n6 5/r/n主产物应该是最稳定的烯烃/r/n）/r/n生成/r/nf/r/n）生成共轭烯烃。/r/n指出下列反应是否正确，并简述理由。/r/nCHCHCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n

/r/nCHCH=CHCH/r/n2/r/n/r/n| /r/nBr/r/n

/r/n3/r/n KOH-/r/n乙醇 /r/n2 3/r/n）的反应是错误的，消除产物应该生成更稳定的共轭烯烃，即：/r/nCH=CHCHCH/r/n2 3/r/nKMnO/r/n/H/r/n+/r/n4/r/nKMnO/r/n/H/r/n+/r/n4/r/n

/r/n2/r/nBr /r/nBr /r/nKOH/r/n2/r/n光照 /r/n醇/r/n

/r/nCOOHCOOH/r/n6/r/n章醇和酚/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n命名下列化合物（中文/r/n：/r/n5/r/n-2/r/n己醇/r/n3/r/n-3/r/n-2/r/n醇/r/n2/r/n-2/r/n丙醇/r/n3/r/n/r/n解：/r/n(CH)C-CH(CH/r/n/r/n)/r/n3/r/n/r/n2 3/r/n/r/n2/r/nOH/r/n

/r/n(CH)C==C(CH)/r/nH/r/n+/r/n3/r/n/r/n2 3/r/n/r/nH/r/n+/r/n(4)/r/n

/r/nH/r/n+/r/nOH/r/nCH /r/n△/r/nOH/r/n3/r/nOH/r/nCH/r/nKMnO/H/r/n+/r/nOH/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n3/r/n

/r/nOCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n用简单的化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n3-/r/n甲基/r/n-2-/r/n丁醇、/r/n2/r/n，/r/n3-/r/n二甲基/r/n-2-/r/n丁醇、/r/n3/r/n，/r/n3-/r/n二甲基/r/n-1-/r/n丁醇；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n1/r/n，/r/n3-/r/n丙二醇、/r/n1/r/n，/r/n2-/r/n丙二醇、叔丁醇。/r/n解答：/r/n甲/r/n丁醇 /r/n二甲/r/n丁醇/r/n/r/n二甲/r/n丁/r/nLucas /r/n数分钟反应 立即反应 短时间不反应/r/n丙二醇 /r/n丙二醇 叔丁醇/r/n沉淀 绛蓝色溶液 沉淀/r/n褪色 不褪色/r/n将下列化合物的沸点由高到低排列，并解释原因：/r/n解：/r/n>/r/n>/r/n>/r/n环己烷/r/n:/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n2-/r/n烯丙基苯酚/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n1/r/n，/r/n2/r/n，/r/n3-/r/n苯三酚（连苯三酚）/r/n按酸性大小排列下列化合物：/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）碳酸/r/n>/r/n对硝基苯酚/r/n>/r/n苯酚/r/n>/r/n对甲基苯酚/r/n>/r/n苄醇/r/n用简单的化学方法鉴别下列化合/r/n解：/r/nCl/r/nOH /r/nCl/r/n紫/r/n) /r/n2/r/n) /r/nNa /r/nH/r/n/r/n↑/r/n2/r/n解：/r/n稀/r/nHNO/r/n3/r/n

/r/nH/r/n/r/nC /r/nOH H/r/n/r/nC /r/nOH/r/n3/r/n3/r/n+/r/n3/r/n3/r/n2/r/nNO /r/nO/r/n/r/nN/r/n2/r/n2/r/n3/r/n3/r/nH/r/n/r/nC /r/nOH /r/nNaOH/r/n/r/n水溶液/r/n/r/nH/r/n/r/nC /r/nONa/r/n3/r/n3/r/nBr/H/r/n

/r/nO /r/nH/r/n/r/n

/r/nBr/r/n| /r/nOH/r/n2 2 /r/n3/r/nBr /r/nBr/r/n14 /r/n）/r/n7/r/n章醚和环氧化合物/r/n习题/r/n命名下列化合物：/r/n:/r/n(1)/r/n/r/n丙氧基环戊烷/r/n解：/r/n4/r/n/r/n解：/r/n6/r/n用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）丁烷加浓硫酸不溶解；乙醚溶解于浓硫酸/r/n8 /r/n:/r/nO/r/nA /r/nO /r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nHI/r/nO/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n-OH /r/nC /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nI/r/n3 2 /r/n-OH/r/n+/r/n3 2 /r/nBr/r/n-OH+/r/nBr/r/n

/r/nH/r/n2/r/nO/r/n

/r/nBr -OH/r/nBr/r/n3 2 /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nI /r/n+/r/n/r/nAgNO/r/n3 /r/nAgI/r/n+/r/nCHCHCH/r/n3 2 /r/n8/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n用系统命名法命名下列各化合物：/r/n解/r/n3/r/n二甲基丁醛/r/n /r/n3/r/n甲/r/n-1/r/n苯/r/n-2/r/n丁酮/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）/r/n1/r/n，/r/n3-/r/n二苯基丙酮/r/n4/r/n试用下列各试剂分别与苯乙醛和苯乙酮进行反应，写出反应产物的结构和类别：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）还原反应/r/n亲核加成反应/r/n亲核加成反应/r/n亲核加成反应（苯乙酮不反应）/r/n氧化反应（苯乙酮不反应/r/n5/r/n/r/n完成下列反应写出主要产物：/r/n解：/r/nHCN/r/n/r/n）和/r/n）/r/n既可与/r/nHCN/r/n加成，又能起碘仿反应。/r/n将下列羰基化合物按发生亲核加成反应的难易顺序排/r/n:/r/n解：/r/n解：/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nO/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nA/r/n/r/n为 /r/nCH/r/n

/r/nC /r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nB/r/n/r/n为/r/n；/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOOH /r/nC/r/n/r/n为 /r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n；/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nD/r/n为/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n

/r/nO/r/nC /r/nCH /r/nCH/r/n。/r/n解：/r/nB/r/n为/r/nCH/r/n

/r/nO/r/nC /r/nCH/r/n/r/n

/r/nCHCH/r/n；/r/nA/r/n为/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCHO/r/n；/r/n

/r/n3/r/n /r/n2 2 2 3 /r/n；/r/nO/r/n；/r/nC /r/n为/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2 /r/nC /r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/nD/r/n/r/n为 /r/nOH/r/n/r/n。/r/n；/r/n解：/r/nO /r/nOH/r/nA/r/n/r/n为/r/n/r/nHO /r/nCH/r/n2 /r/nC /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n； /r/nB/r/n/r/n为/r/n/r/nHO /r/n

/r/nC /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC/r/n为/r/nHO/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n2/r/n/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/n； /r/nD/r/n/r/n为/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nO /r/nCH/r/n2/r/n/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n甲醛/r/n

/r/nAg/r/n[Ag/r/n（/r/nNH/r/n/r/n）/r/n]/r/n+ /r/nAg/r/n

/r/nNaOHI/r/n2/r/n

/r/n（/r/n—/r/n）/r/n黄色沉淀/r/n乙醛 /r/n3 2/r/n2-/r/n/r/n丁酮 /r/n（/r/n—/r/n）/r/n9/r/n章羧酸及其衍生物/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n/r/n命名下列化合物/r/n解/r/n）/r/n2/r/n甲基丙酸/r/n /r/n）/r/n-3/r/n苯基丙烯酸/r/n/r/n环己基二甲酸 /r/n环丙基二甲酸/r/n3/r/n完成下列反应：/r/n解：/r/n/r/n2. /r/n(/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCO/r/n)/r/n2/r/n/r/nO/r/n/r/nO /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC OCH/r/n2/r/nCHCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n10.HOCH(CH/r/n3/r/n)CH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOO/r/n-/r/n/r/n乙二酸＞丙二酸＞乙酸＞苯酚/r/n溴乙酸＞乙酸/r/n按指定性质由小到大排列成序。/r/n/r/n乙酰氯＞乙酸酐＞乙酸乙酯＞乙酰胺/r/n丙酰氯＞丙酸酐＞丙酸/r/n（解释：丙酸和苯酚发生酯化反应需在硫酸作催化剂且需加热条件下进行）/r/n9/r/nCHCHCOOCHCHCH/r/nCHCOOH/r/n/r/nCHCHOH/r/n3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2/r/n11/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCOOH/r/nHCOOCH/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCOOCH/r/n3 2 2 3 3 3/r/n10/r/n章羟基酸和酮酸/r/n习题/r/n解：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCOCH/r/n2/r/nCOOH/r/n草酰丙酸/r/nβ/r/n-羟基戊酸/r/n草酰乙酸乙酯/r/n:/r/n3 /r/n解/r/n：/r/n1./r/nCH/r/n/r/nCHCH COOH /r/nPBr/r/n3 /r/nOH/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCHCH/r/n2/r/nCOBr/r/nBr/r/n2/r/n2.C/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nCOCH/r/n3/r/n+CO/r/n；/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nCOONa+CH/r/n3/r/nCOONa/r/n2/r/nO/r/nC/r/nCH /r/nO/r/nC /r/nCOOH /r/nO/r/n3. /r/n；/r/n

/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n；/r/n

/r/nO /r/nC/r/nO/r/n4.CH/r/n3/r/nCOCOOH+CO/r/n2/r/n用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物。/r/n解：/r/n乙酰水杨酸/r/n

/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n

/r/nFeCl/r/n3/r/n

/r/n(-)/r/n水杨酸/r/n水杨酸甲酯/r/n

/r/nNaHCO/r/n3/r/n

/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n(-)/r/n(-)/r/n

/r/nI/r/n2/r/n/NaOH/r/n

/r/n紫色/r/n(-)/r/n黄色/r/n(2).B>A>C/r/n4/r/n2/r/n3/r/n存在酮型和烯醇型互变平衡：/r/nOH/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCOCH(COOCH/r/n/r/n3/r/n)/r/n2/r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC /r/nC(COOCH/r/n/r/n3/r/n)/r/n2/r/nOH/r/nHOOCCOCH/r/n/r/n2/r/nCOOH/r/n

/r/nHOOCC/r/n

/r/nCHCOOH/r/n第/r/n11/r/n章胺/r/n习题/r/n写出下列化合物的结构或名称：/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n解/r/n） /r/nN/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n

/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）邻甲基/r/n-/r/nN/r/n-/r/n乙基苯胺（/r/n5/r/n）/r/nN/r/n-/r/n乙基甲酰胺/r/n（/r/n7/r/n）对氨基偶氮苯/r/n比较下列化合物的碱性强弱。/r/n）/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）乙胺〉脲〉乙酰胺〉丙二酰脲/r/n写出下列反应的主要产物。/r/n解/r/n）/r/n/r/nN/r/n /r/n）/r/nNO/r/n

/r/nO/r/nN /r/n

/r/nO/r/nN/r/nK/r/n-/r/nO/r/nN/r/nK/r/nH/r/n3/r/nC /r/nN N/r/n

/r/nNCl /r/nH/r/n3/r/nC/r/nNH/r/n2/r/n

/r/n（/r/n8/r/n）/r/n

/r/nOH /r/n（低温：前者；室温：后者）/r/n2/r/n5 /r/n解/r/n结构式为：/r/nNO /r/nCH/r/n3/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n[H] /r/nNaNO/r/n2/r/nHCl/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n+/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nN/r/n2/r/nCl /r/n

/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nN=N/r/nOH/r/n13/r/n章杂环化合物/r/nN=N/r/nOH/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n命名下列化合物/r/n解/r/n2/r/n噻吩乙醇/r/n /r/n(2)/r/n/r/n4/r/n羟基嘧啶/r/n3/r/n试比较吡咯与吡啶的结构特点及主要化学性质。解：/r/n吡咯/r/n吡啶/r/n结/r/n构/r/nN/r/n原子杂化状态/r/nN/r/n上几个/r/np/r/n电子参与共轭成环/r/nN/r/n上有无未用电子对/r/nsp/r/n2/r/n（等性）/r/n2/r/n无/r/nsp/r/n2/r/n（不等性）/r/n1/r/n一对/r/nsp/r/n2/r/n电子/r/n性/r/n酸碱性/r/n弱酸/r/n弱碱/r/n状/r/n取代活性（与苯相比）/r/n活性强/r/n活性弱/r/n5/r/n/r/nD>A>C>B/r/n6/r/n写出下列各反应的主要产物的结构和名称/r/n

/r/nCOOHCOOH/r/n14/r/n章油脂和磷脂/r/n习题/r/n室温下油和脂肪的存在状态与其分子中的脂肪酸有何关系？/r/n其分子中的双键具有顺式结构，使分子呈弯曲状，彼此不能靠近，排列比较松散，因此熔点较低，室温下为液态；而脂肪中多为饱和脂肪酸，锯齿形的长链使分子间能紧密排列，分子间吸引力较大，故熔点高，室温下为固态或半固态。/r/n油脂中的脂肪酸结构上有何特点？/r/n解：/r/n油脂中脂肪酸的结构特点是：绝大多数脂肪酸碳链为偶数碳原子，很少带支链。饱和脂肪酸多为/r/n12/r/n―/r/n18/r/n个碳原子，不饱和脂肪酸分子的双键大多为顺式结构。/r/n第/r/n15/r/n章糖类/r/n习题/r/n1/r/n/r/n试解释下列名词/r/n解：/r/n⑴糖在水溶液中自行改变比旋光度的现象称变旋光现象。/r/n⑵例如/r/n/r/n均相同，互称为端基异构体或异头物。/r/n葡萄糖和/r/n糖互为/r/n差向异构体。/r/n⑷糖苷中连接糖与非糖部分的键称为苷键。/r/n⑸能被弱氧化剂（/r/nTollens/r/n、/r/nFehling/r/n、/r/nBenedict/r/n试剂）氧化的糖称还原糖；反之则为非还原糖。/r/n3/r/n/r/n写出/r/nCH=NNH-CH/r/n65/r/nC=NNH-CH/r/n

/r/nCOOH/r/nHO /r/nH/r/n65/r/nHO H/r/nH OH/r/nH OH/r/n

/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5 /r/n2/r/n

/r/nCHO/r/nHO /r/nHO H/r/n

/r/nO/r/nB/r/nr/r/n2/r/n

/r/nHO H/r/nH OH/r/nH OH/r/nCH/r/n/r/nOH/r/nCH/r/n/r/nOH/r/n /r/n2/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nOH/r/n2/r/n

/r/nH OH/r/nH/r/n4/r/n

/r/nCOOH/r/nHO /r/nH/r/n

/r/nH OH/r/nCH/r/n/r/nOH/r/n

/r/n3 /r/nHO /r/nH/r/nHO H/r/nH OH/r/nH OH/r/nCH/r/n/r/nOH/r/n2/r/n

/r/n2 /r/nHO/r/nHH/r/n

/r/nH/r/nOHOH/r/nCOOH/r/n5/r/n用简便化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物/r/n解：/r/n17/r/n章氨基酸和肽/r/n习题/r/npH=6/r/n/r/n些向正极泳动？哪些向负极泳动？/r/n解：/r/n留在原点：甘氨酸/r/n向正极泳动：酪氨酸、谷氨酸向负极泳动：组氨酸/r/n解：/r/n2 /r/nHOOCCHCHCH/r/n/r/n2 /r/nNH/r/n2/r/n(C)/r/nHOOCCHCHCHCOOH/r/n2 2/r/nO/r/n(E) /r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOOH/r/n

/r/nHOOCCHCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOOH/r/nOH/r/n2/r/n(D)/r/nCH/r/n/r/nCHO/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOOH/r/n第二章：紫外吸收光谱法/r/n一、选择/r/n频率（/r/nMHz/r/n）/r/n4.47/r/n×/r/n10/r/n8/r/n/r/n的辐射，其波长数值为/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n670.7nm/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n670.7/r/nμ（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n670.7cm/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n670.7m/r/n紫外/r/n-/r/n可见光谱的产生是由外层价电子能级跃迁所致，其能级差的大小决定了/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n吸收峰的强度/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）吸收峰的数目/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n吸收峰的位置/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）吸收峰的形状/r/n紫外光谱是带状光谱的原因是由于/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）紫外光能量大/r/n/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）波长短 （/r/n3/r/n）电子能级差大/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）电子能级跃迁的同时伴随有振动及转动能级跃迁的原因/r/n化合物中，下面哪一种跃迁所需的能量最高/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）σ→σ/r/n*/r/n/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）π→π/r/n* /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nn/r/n→σ/r/n* /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nn/r/n→π/r/n*/r/nπ→π/r/n*/r/n跃迁的吸收峰在下列哪种溶剂中测量，其最大吸收波长最大/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）水 （/r/n2/r/n）甲醇 （/r/n3/r/n）乙醇 （/r/n4/r/n）正己烷/r/n下列化合物中，在近紫外区（/r/n200/r/n～/r/n400nm/r/n）无吸收的是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n） （/r/n3/r/n） （/r/n4/r/n）/r/n下列化合物，紫外吸收/r/nλ/r/nmax/r/n/r/n值最大的是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n） （/r/n3/r/n） /r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n吸收光谱是怎样产生的？吸收带波长与吸收强度主要由什么因素决定？/r/n局限性？/r/n分子的价电子跃迁有哪些类型？哪几种类型的跃迁能在紫外吸收光谱中反映出来/r/n?/r/n影响紫外光谱吸收带的主要因素有哪些？/r/n溶剂对紫外吸收光谱有什么影响？选择溶剂时应考虑哪些因素？/r/n什么是发色基团？什么是助色基团？它们具有什么样结构或特征？/r/n为什么助色基团取代基能使烯双键的/r/nn/r/n→π/r/n*/r/n跃迁波长红移？而使羰基/r/nn/r/n→π/r/n*/r/n蓝移？/r/n为什么共轭双键分子中双键数目愈多其/r/nπ→π/r/n*/r/n跃迁吸收带波长愈长？请解释其因。/r/npH/r/n/r/nK/r/n/r/nK/r/n/r/nB/r/n/r/n吸收带发生红移/r/n为什么？羟酸在碱性介质中它的吸收带和形状会发生什么变化？/r/n具有颜色，为什么？/r/n画出酮羰基的电子轨道/r/n（π，/r/nn/r/n，π/r/n*/r/n）/r/n能级图，如将酮溶于乙醇中，其能级和跃/r/n迁波长将发生什么变化？请在图上画出变化情况。/r/nB/r/n/r/n吸收带/r/n还有λ/r/n=240nm,/r/nε/r/n=13/r/n×/r/n10/r/n4/r/n/r/n及/r/n/r/n个吸收带，此化合物中含有什么基团？有何电子跃迁？/r/n系数的范围。/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n（/r/n3/r/n） （/r/n4/r/n）/r/n4/r/nK/r/n349nm/r/n267nm/r/n，请找出它们对应的化合物。/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n（/r/n3/r/n） （/r/n4/r/n）/r/nK/r/n吸收带波长。/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n部分习题参考答案：一、选择题/r/n1/r/n—/r/n7 /r/n（/r/n1/r/n）、/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n、（/r/n4/r/n）、（/r/n1/r/n）、（/r/n1/r/n）、（/r/n2/r/n）、/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n12.B,K,R,/r/n苯环及含杂原子的不饱和基团，π→π/r/n*/r/n，/r/nn/r/n→π/r/n*/r/n13./r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nK/r/n，/r/nR/r/n；（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nK/r/n，/r/nB/r/n，/r/nR/r/n；（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nK/r/n，/r/nB/r/n；（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nK/r/n，/r/nB/r/n，/r/nR/r/n14./r/n/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n267nm/r/n；（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n225nm/r/n；（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n349nm/r/n；（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n237nm/r/n15./r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n270nm/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n238nm/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n299nm/r/n第三章红外吸收光谱法/r/n一、选择题/r/n1.CH/r/n3/r/n—/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n的哪种振动形式是非红外活性的/r/nCH/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）υ/r/nC-C /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）υ/r/nC-H /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）δ/r/nas/r/nCH /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）δ/r/ns/r/nCH/r/n2./r/n这是因为/r/n

/r/n1773cm/r/n-1/r/n1736cm/r/n-1/r/n处出现两个吸收峰，/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）诱导效应（/r/n2/r/n）共轭效应（/r/n3/r/n）费米共振（/r/n4/r/n）空间位阻/r/n一种能作为色散型红外光谱仪的色散元件材料为/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）玻璃 （/r/n2/r/n）石英 （/r/n3/r/n）红宝石/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）卤化物晶体/r/nH/r/n2/r/nS/r/n/r/n分子的基频峰数为/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n4 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n3 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n2 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n1/r/n下列官能团在红外光谱中吸收峰频率最高的是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）—/r/nC/r/n≡/r/nC/r/n— （/r/n3/r/n） （/r/n4/r/n）—/r/nO/r/n—/r/nH/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n处？/r/n红外吸收光谱图横坐标、纵坐标各以什么标度？/r/n对于/r/nCHC/r/n3/r/nC-H/r/n伸缩振动发生在/r/n3030c/r/n-/r/n1/r/nC-Cl/r/n伸缩振动发生/r/n在/r/n758/r/n/r/nc/r/n-1/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nCDCl/r/n3/r/nC-D/r/n/r/n伸缩振动的位置；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCHBr/r/n3/r/nC-Br/r/n/r/n伸缩振动的位置。/r/nC-C/r/n、/r/nC=C/r/n、/r/nC/r/n≡/r/nC/r/n/r/n7.0/r/nμ/r/nm/r/n，/r/n6.0/r/nμ/r/nm/r/n/r/n4.5/r/nμ/r/nm/r/n键力常数增加的顺序排列三种类型的碳/r/n碳键。/r/n下列各分子的碳/r/n碳对称伸缩振动在红外光谱中是活性的还是非活性的。/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n-CH/r/n3/r/n；（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n-CCl/r/n3/r/n；（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nHC/r/n≡/r/nCH/r/n（/r/n5/r/n） （/r/n6/r/n）/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n4/r/n667cm/r/n-1/r/n2349cm/r/n-1/r/n频吸收峰，为什么？/r/n11./r/n羰基化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ中，/r/nC=O/r/n伸缩振动出现最低者为/r/nⅠ、 ；/r/nⅡ、/r/nⅢ、 Ⅳ、/r/n7./r/n试用红外光谱区别下列异构体：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n和/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n和 /r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCHO/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n和/r/n3333/r/ncm/r/n-1/r/n1%CCl/r/n4/r/n/r/n3650cm/r/n-1/r/n/r/n3333cm/r/n-1/r/n/r/n两处有吸收峰，试解释之。/r/n能与气相色谱仪联用的红外光谱仪有：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）傅立叶变换红外分光光度计；（/r/n2/r/n）快速扫描红外分光光度计；（/r/n3/r/n）单光束红/r/n外分光光度计；（/r/n4/r/n）双光束红外分光光度计。/r/n某一液体化合物，分子量为/r/n113/r/n，其红外光谱见下图。/r/nNMR/r/n/r/n在δ/r/n1.40/r/nppm/r/n（/r/n3H/r/n）有三重峰，δ/r/n3.48ppm/r/n（/r/n2H/r/n）/r/n构。/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nO/r/n3/r/nN/r/n/r/n的红外光谱，写出预测的结构。/r/nC/r/n4/r/nH/r/n8/r/nO/r/n2/r/n试推断其结构。/r/n一个化合物分子式为/r/nC/r/n4/r/nH/r/n6/r/nO/r/n2/r/n，已知含一个酯羰基和一个乙烯基。用溶液法制作该/r/n化合物的红外光谱有如下特征谱带：/r/n3090cm/r/n-1/r/n(/r/n强/r/n)/r/n,1765cm/r/n-1/r/n（强），/r/n1649cm/r/n-1/r/n（强/r/n1225cm/r/n-1/r/n（强）。请指出这些吸收带的归属，并写出可能的结构式。/r/n部分习题参考答案一、选择题/r/n1/r/n—/r/n5 /r/n（/r/n1/r/n）、/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n、（/r/n4/r/n）、（/r/n2/r/n）、/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n10.C/r/n2/r/nH/r/n5/r/nOOC-CH/r/n2/r/n-CN/r/n11./r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCOOC/r/n2/r/nH/r/n5/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCOOCH=CH/r/n2/r/n第四章/r/nNMR/r/n习题/r/n一、选择题/r/nH/r/n0/r/n的能量如何变化？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）不变 （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n./r/n/r/n逐渐变大/r/n/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n./r/n/r/n逐渐变小/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n./r/n/r/n随原核而变/r/n下列哪种核不适宜核磁共振测定/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n./r/n12/r/nC /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n./r/n/r/n15/r/nN /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n19/r/nF /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n31/r/nP/r/n下列化合物中哪些质子属于磁等价核/r/nH/r/na/r/nH/r/nb/r/nC=CF/r/na/r/nF/r/nb/r/n/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n/r/nCH/r/na/r/nH/r/nb/r/nF /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n.R/r/n—/r/nCO/r/n—/r/nNH/r/na/r/nH/r/nb /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n苯环上哪种取代基存在时，其芳环质子化学位移最大/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）—/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n3 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）—/r/nOCH/r/n3 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）—/r/nCH=CH/r/n2 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）—/r/nCHO/r/n5./r/n/r/n质子的化学位移有如下顺序：苯/r/n(7.27)>/r/n乙烯/r/n(5.25)>/r/n乙炔/r/n(1.80)>/r/n乙烷/r/n(0.80),/r/n其原因是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）导效应所致；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n杂化效应和各向异性效应协同作用的结果；（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n异性效应所致；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n杂化效应所致/r/n6./r/n/r/n在通常情况下， 在核磁共振谱图中将出现几组吸收峰/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n3 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n4 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n5 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n6/r/n7./r/n化合物/r/nPh/r/n—/r/nCH/r/n2/r/n—/r/nCH/r/n2/r/n—/r/nO/r/n—/r/nCO/r/n—/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n中的两个亚甲基属于何种自旋体系/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nA/r/n2/r/nX/r/n2 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nA/r/n2/r/nB/r/n2 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nAX/r/n3 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nAB/r/n3/r/nH/r/na/r/n、/r/nH/r/nb/r/n、/r/nH/r/nc/r/n，其屏蔽常数的大小为σ/r/nb/r/n>/r/nσ/r/na/r/n>/r/nσ/r/nc/r/n如何/r/n?/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）δ/r/na/r/n>/r/nδ/r/nb/r/n>/r/nδ/r/nc /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）δ/r/nb/r/n>/r/nδ/r/na/r/n>/r/nδ/r/nc /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）δ/r/nc/r/n>/r/nδ/r/na/r/n>/r/nδ/r/nb /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）δ/r/nb/r/n>/r/nδ/r/nc/r/n>/r/nδ/r/na/r/nC/r/n：/r/n88.2%/r/n，/r/nH/r/n：/r/n11.8%/r/n1/r/nH/r/nNMR/r/n可能的结构是下列中的哪个？/r/n下列化合物中，甲基质子化学位移最大的是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH/r/n3/r/n/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCH=CH/r/n2 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC/r/n≡/r/nCH /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/n下列化合物中羰基碳化学位移/r/nδ/r/nC/r/n/r/n最大的是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）酮 （/r/n2/r/n）醛 （/r/n3/r/n）羧酸 （/r/n4/r/n）酯/r/n在四谱综合解析过程中，确定苯环取代基的位置，最有效的方法是/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）紫外和核磁/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n质谱和红外/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n红外和核磁/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n下列哪个核没有自旋角动量？/r/nLi/r/n/r/n7/r/n， /r/nHe/r/n/r/n4/r/n， /r/nC/r/n/r/n12/r/n3 2 6/r/n电磁波的频率不变，要使共振发生，/r/nF/r/n/r/nH/r/n/r/n3./r/n下面所指的质子，其屏蔽效应是否相同？为什么？/r/n使用/r/n/r/n60MHz/r/n/r/n的仪/r/n器/r/n,TMS/r/n/r/n和化合物中某质子之间的频率差为 /r/n180Hz, /r/n如果使用/r/n40MHz/r/n仪器/r/n,/r/n则它们之间的频率差是多少？/r/n曾采用/r/n和/r/n两种仪器测定了 的氢谱/r/n两个甲基的化学位移分别为/r/n3.17/r/n和/r/n1.55/r/n，试计算用频率表示化学位移时，两个仪器上测定的结果。/r/n（/r/n1.80/r/n）/r/n＞乙烷（/r/n0.80/r/n），试解释之。/r/n1/r/nH/r/n4-1/r/n失，试推断化合物的结构式。/r/n图/r/n4-1 C/r/n5/r/nH/r/n7/r/nO/r/n2/r/nN/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n12/r/nCl/r/n2/r/nO/r/n2/r/n1/r/nH/r/n4-2/r/n所示/r/n,/r/n试推断化合物结构式。/r/n图/r/n4-2 C/r/n6/r/nH/r/n12/r/nC/r/nl2/r/nO/r/n2/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH/r/n谱图/r/n根据核磁共振图（/r/n4-3/r/n），/r/nC/r/n8/r/nH/r/n9/r/nBr/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-3 C/r/n8/r/nH/r/n9/r/nBr /r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/n由核磁共振图（/r/n4-4/r/n），/r/nC/r/n7/r/nH/r/n14/r/nO/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-4 C/r/n7/r/nH/r/n14/r/nO/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/n由核磁共振图（/r/n4-5/r/n），/r/nC/r/n10/r/nH/r/n14/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-5 C/r/n10/r/nH/r/n14/r/n/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/n由核磁共振图（/r/n4-6/r/n），/r/nC/r/n11/r/nH/r/n16/r/nO/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-6 C/r/n11/r/nH/r/n16/r/nO/r/n/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/n由核磁共振图（/r/n4-7/r/n），/r/nC/r/n10/r/nH/r/n12/r/nO/r/n2/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-7 C/r/n10/r/nH/r/n12/r/nO/r/n2/r/n/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n/r/n谱图/r/n由核磁共振图（/r/n4-8/r/n），/r/nC/r/n8/r/nH/r/n8/r/nO/r/n/r/n的结构。/r/n图/r/n4-8 C/r/n8/r/nH/r/n8/r/nO/r/n/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n/r/n谱图/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n14/r/nO/r/n3300cm/r/n-1/r/n附近是宽吸收带/r/n,/r/n1050/r/n/r/ncm/r/n-1/r/n强吸收/r/n,/r/n4-9/r/n/r/n所示/r/n,/r/n试确定该化合物的结构。/r/n部分习题参考答案/r/n

/r/n图/r/n4-9 C/r/n6/r/nH/r/n14/r/nO/r/n的/r/n1/r/nH-NMR/r/n谱图/r/n一、选择题/r/n1/r/n—/r/n5(2)/r/n、/r/n(1)/r/n、/r/n(2)/r/n、/r/n(4)/r/n、/r/n(2)/r/n；/r/n6/r/n—/r/n10(1)/r/n、/r/n(1)/r/n、/r/n(3)/r/n、/r/n(1)/r/n、/r/n(4)11/r/n—/r/n12/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）、（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n8./r/n9./r/n10./r/n11./r/n12./r/n13/r/n14./r/n15./r/n16./r/n第五章质谱/r/n一、选择题/r/n在质谱仪中当收集正离子的狭缝位置和加速电压固定时，若逐渐增加磁场强度/r/n对具有不同质荷比的正离子，其通过狭缝的顺序如何变化？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）从大到小（/r/n2/r/n）从小到大（/r/n3/r/n）无规律（/r/n4/r/n）不变/r/n含奇数个氮原子有机化合物，其分子离子的质荷比值为/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）偶数 （/r/n2/r/n）奇数 （/r/n3/r/n）不一定/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）决定于电子数/r/nM/r/nM+2/r/n、/r/nM+4/r/n的相对强度为/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n1 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n2/r/n∶/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n1 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n2/r/n∶/r/n1 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n1/r/n∶/r/n2/r/n29/r/n的碎片离子是发生了/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）α/r/n-/r/n裂解 （/r/n2/r/n）/r/nI-/r/n裂解/r/n/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）重排裂解/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）γ/r/n-H/r/n迁移/r/n在通常的质谱条件下，下列哪个碎片峰不可能出现/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nM+2 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nM-2 /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nM-8 /r/n二、解答及解析题/r/n样品分子在质谱仪中发生的断裂过程，会形成具有单位正电荷而质荷比（/r/nm/z/r/n）/r/nV/r/n固定时，若逐渐增大磁场强度/r/n对具有不同荷比的正离子，其通过狭缝的顺序如何确定？/r/n在有机质谱中使用的离子源有哪几种？各有何特点？/r/n试确定具有下述分子式的化合物，其形成的分子离子具有偶数电子还是奇数电子？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nC/r/n3/r/nH/r/n8 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCO /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nCOOC/r/n2/r/nH/r/n5 /r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nNO/r/n2/r/n试确定下述已知质何比离子的可能存在的化学式：/r/nm/z/r/n71/r/nC/r/n、/r/nH/r/n、/r/nO/r/n三种元素/r/nm/z/r/n57/r/nC/r/n、/r/nH/r/n、/r/nN/r/n三种元素/r/nm/z/r/n58/r/nC/r/n、/r/nH/r/n两种元素/r/nm/z/r/n是多少？/r/nm/z/r/n29/r/n、/r/n93/r/n、/r/n95/r/n三峰生成的原因？/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n120/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n105/r/nm/z/r/n是多少？/r/n下述断裂过程： 所产生的亚稳离子，/r/n其/r/nm/z/r/n是多少？/r/nm/z/r/n84/r/n、/r/n69/r/n、/r/n56/r/n、/r/n41/r/n离子峰的原因？/r/n某有机化合物（/r/nM=140/r/n）/r/nm/z/r/n83/r/n57/r/n种结构式与上述质谱数据相符合？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n3-/r/n1/r/n，/r/n1-/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n87/r/n/r/n30/r/n，试判断其为何种有机胺？/r/nm/z/r/n102/r/n、/r/n87/r/n、/r/n73/r/n、/r/n59/r/n、/r/n31/r/n，试确定其为何物？/r/nm/z/r/n156/r/n127/r/n29/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n102/r/n、/r/n71/r/n、/r/n59/r/n、/r/n43/r/n、/r/n31/r/n/r/n的离子峰，试说明其/r/n碎裂的过程。/r/n16./r/n某酯（/r/nM=116/r/n）的质谱图上呈现/r/nm/z/r/n（丰度）分别为/r/n57/r/n（/r/n100%/r/n）、/r/n43/r/n（/r/n27%/r/n）和/r/n29/r/n（/r/n57%/r/n）的离子峰，试确定其为下述酯中的哪一种。/r/n（/r/n（/r/nC/r/n2/r/nCHCOO/r/n2/r/n5/r/n /r/n（/r/nC/r/n3/r/nC/r/n2/r/nCOOC/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nC/r/n3/r/n/r/n/r/n（/r/nC/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCH/r/n2/r/nCOOC/r/n3/r/n某化合物（/r/nM=138/r/n）/r/n的质谱图中呈现/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n为/r/n120/r/n/r/n化合物中的哪一种？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n某酯（/r/nM=150/r/n）/r/n的质谱图中呈现/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n为/r/n118/r/n/r/n中的哪一种？/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n）/r/n4/r/n/r/n据相一致？（/r/nm/z/r/n119/r/n，/r/n105/r/n77/r/n/r/n的离子峰）/r/n（/r/n1/r/n） （/r/n2/r/n） （/r/n3/r/n） （/r/n4/r/n）/r/n说明由三乙胺（/r/nM=101/r/n）的α、β/r/nm/z/r/n86/r/nH/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n58/r/n/r/n的离子峰的过程机理。/r/n某未知烃类化合物的质谱如下图所示，写出其结构式。/r/n某未知烃类化合物的质谱如下图所示，写出其结构式并说明谱图的主要特点。/r/n某未知烃类化合物的质谱如下图所示，写出其结构式并说明谱图的主要特点。/r/n某未知仲胺化合物的质谱如下图所示，试写出其结构式。/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n77/r/n/r/n基峰生成的原/r/n因。/r/n部分习题参考答案一、选择题/r/n1/r/n—/r/n5 /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）、/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n、（/r/n3/r/n）、（/r/n2/r/n）、/r/n二、解答及解析题/r/nm/z/r/n值愈大，动量也愈大；/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n值愈大，偏转度愈小。/r/nr/r/n/r/nV/r/n/r/n为定值，/r/nm/z/r/n/r/n比值小的首先通过狭缝/r/n4./r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/nC/r/n3/r/nH/r/n8/r/n+/r/n·/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/nCH/r/n3/r/nCO/r/n+/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nCOOC/r/n2/r/nH/r/n5/r/n+/r/n·/r/n(4)C/r/n6/r/nH/r/n5/r/nNO/r/n2/r/n+/r/n5./r/n（/r/n1/r/