Diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变英文课件

ThenormalstructureoftheeyeballTerms角膜：corneaCorne/o--,Cornea角膜，Megacornea大角膜，Microcornea小角膜，Kerat/o--,Keratitis角膜炎，Keratomalacia角膜软化症巩膜：scleraScler/o--,Scleritis巩膜炎，Episcleritis表层巩膜炎，Episclera巩膜上层（epi--，beyondsomething）,epidermis表皮，上皮Epidermal表皮的，外皮的DiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Causes

Symptoms

Riskfactors

Testsanddiagnosis

WhentoseekmedicaladviceComplications

Treatmentsanddrugs

Prevention

DiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Diabeticretinopathyisacomplicationofdiabetesthatresultsfromdamagetothebloodvesselsofthelight-sensitivetissueatthebackoftheeye(retina).causeDiabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohastype1diabetesortype2diabetes.CausesWhenyouhavediabetes,yourbodydoesn'tusesugar(glucose)properly.CausesEventually,toomuchsugarinyourbloodcandamagethetinybloodvessels(capillaries毛细血管)thatnourishtheretina.Thiscanresultindiabeticretinopathy.capillary,Capill/o-,n.&adj.毛细管(的)Capillaritis毛细管炎SymptomsYoucanhavediabeticretinopathyandnotknowit.Infact,symptomsareunusualintheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy.symptomsInfact,upto45percentofadultsdiagnosedwithdiabetesinChinahavesomedegreeofdiabeticretinopathy,accordingtotheNationalEyeInstitute.symptomsAndthelongeryouhavediabetes,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiabeticretinopathy.SymptomsDiabeticretinopathyusuallyaffectsbotheyes.SymptomsAstheconditionprogresses,diabeticretinopathysymptomsmayinclude:A)SpotsfloatinginyourvisionB)BlurredvisionC)DarkstreaksoraredfilmthatblocksyourvisionD)PoornightvisionE)VisionlossDiabeticretinopathyisusuallyclassifiedasearlyoradvanced.Earlydiabeticretinopathy.Nonproliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)isthemostcommontypeofdiabeticretinopathy.Itcanbedescribedasmild,moderateorsevere.NPDR:(NonProlifertiveDibeticRetinopthy)非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变Tinybulges（凸起）protrude（伸入）fromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Thesebulgesarecalledmicroaneurysms.Microaneurysms:微动脉瘤，微血管瘤Intheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy,thewallsofthebloodvesselsinyourretinaweaken.Tinybulgesprotrudefromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Asdiabeticretinopathyprogresses,newbloodvesselsmaygrowandthreatenyourvision.Sometimesthecentralpartoftheretina(macula)beginstoswell,too.Thisisknownasmacularedema.Macula:黄斑Macularedema：黄斑水肿Advanceddiabeticretinopathy.Proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR)isthemostseveretypeofdiabeticretinopathy.WhenyouhavePDR,abnormalbloodvesselsgrowintheretina.Eventually,scartissuestimulatedbythegrowthofnewbloodvesselsmaycausetheretinatodetach（脱离）fromthebackofyoureye.Ifthenewbloodvesselsinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeye,pressuremaybuildupintheeyeball.Thiscandamagetheopticnerve.(Thenervethatcarriesimagesfromyoureyetoyourbrain).Peripheral:外围的，不重要的Peri-，外围的，周围的Perinatal围产期的，出生前后的Periportal门静脉周的，Periarteritis动脉周围炎，periappendicitis阑尾周炎Exudativemaculopathy:渗出性黄斑病变Hardexudates:硬渗出物Hardexudatesandhemorrhageslateraltomacula：单侧性黄斑硬性渗出和出血Lateral:侧部的Apparent：明显的Quadrant：象限，四分之一圆Prominent：显著的RiskfactorsDiabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohasdiabetes.Theriskishighestifyou:RiskfactorsHavepoorcontrolofyourbloodsugarlevelHavehighbloodpressureHavehighcholesterolArepregnantAreblackorHispanicSmokeHispanic：西班牙人Cholesterol：胆固醇RiskfactorsThelongeryouhavediabetes,thegreateryourriskofdevelopingdiabeticretinopathy.WhentoseekmedicaladviceEarlydetectionofdiabeticretinopathyisthebestwaytopreventvisionloss:（a）Ifyouhavediabetes,seeyoureyedoctorforayearlydilatedeyeexam（扩瞳检查）

—evenifyourvisionseemsfine.（b）Ifyoubecomepregnant,youreyedoctormayrecommendadditionaleyeexamsthroughoutyourpregnancy.(c)Contactyoureyedoctorrightawayifyouexperiencesuddenvisionchangesoryourvisionbecomesblurry,spottyorhazy（模糊或有斑点）.Complications

Theabnormalgrowthofnewbloodvesselsintheretinacanleadtoseriousvisionproblems:Vitreoushemorrhage.Thenewbloodvesselsmaybleedintotheclear,jelly-likesubstancethatfillsthecenterofyoureye（vitreous）.

Retinaldetachment（视网膜脱离）.Thismaycauseblurredvision,spotsfloatinginyourvisionorseverevisionloss.Glaucoma.Thenewbloodvesselsmayinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeyeandcausepressureintheeyetobuildup.Blindness.Eventually,diabeticretinopathycanleadtocompletevisionloss.Glaucoma：青光眼TestsanddiagnosisDiabeticretinopathyisbestdiagnosedwithadilatedeyeexam.Duringtheexam,youreyedoctorwilllookfor:AbnormalbloodvesselsSwelling,bloodorfattydepositsintheretinaDamagetothenervetissueGrowthofnewbloodvesselsandscartissueBleedinginthevitreousRetinaldetachmentTestsanddiagnosisAspartoftheeyeexam,yourdoctormaydoaretinalphotographytestcalledfluoresceinangiography.Yourdoctoralsomayrequestanopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)exam.Fundusfluoresceinangiography(FFA)荧光素眼底血管造影术Fundus眼底，基底，宫底，Fluorescein荧光素，angiography血管造影术Fundushemorrhage眼底出血Opticalcoherencetomography（OCT）光学相干断层扫描Coherence连续性，相关性，一致性Tomography：X线断层摄影术=laminographyTreatmentsTreatmentfordiabeticretinopathydependsonthetypeofdiabeticretinopathyyouhave,itsseverityandhowwellitmayrespondtospecifictreatments.Earlydiabeticretinopathy

Ifyouhavenonproliferativediabeticretinopathy,youmaynotneedtreatmentrightaway.However,youreyedoctorwillcloselymonitoryourretinatodetermineifyouneedlasertreatment.AdvanceddiabeticretinopathyIfyouhaveproliferativediabeticretinopathy,you'llneedpromptsurgicaltreatment.Sometimessurgeryisrecommendedforseverenonproliferativediabeticretinopathy,too.Dependingonthespecificproblemswithyourretina,optionsmayinclude:Treatmentsanddrugslasertreatmentsurgicaltreatment.VirtectomyPreventionRemember,diabetesdoesn'tnecessarilydoomyoutopoorvision.Takinganactiveroleindiabetesmanagementcangoalongwaytowardpreventingcomplications.Doom宣告厄运

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