考研考博-英语-山西应用科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西应用科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

问题1选项

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。complacent意为“自满的，自鸣得意的”；respectable意为“得体的，值得尊敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的”。

句意：下课后，他们回到各自的宿舍去了。

2.单选题

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

问题1选项

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:如果我们不停止与那些致命的核武器的亲密接触，整个地球将。empower:使控制局势，授权。punish:惩罚,处罚。pollute:污染，弄脏。annihilate:消灭，湮没。

3.单选题

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

问题1选项

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

问题2选项

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

问题3选项

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

问题4选项

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

问题5选项

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.结合第二封信，我们可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.审稿人1

B.Referee2B.审稿人2

C.EditorC.编辑

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和讨论部分，相关的参考文献似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信对referee2的描述“讨论的重点不明确，也没有包括一些重要的相关出版物（relevantpublications）”，我们可以推测出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

37.【选项释义】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根据第一封信，提交的论文会被接受吗？

A.No.A.不会。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不会，建议作者向其他杂志投稿。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建议拒绝这篇论文（rejected），但相信经过大量修改后，它可能适合您的期刊”，可知，提交的论文会被拒绝，而且需要大量修改。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B、C选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D选项中“建议作者向其他杂志投稿”没提到，属于无中生有。

38.【选项释义】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.两位审稿人都同意论文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的问题

B.well-writtenB.写的很好

C.overlydelicateC.过于精细

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很关注

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据LetterTwo中两位referee对方法部分的描述，referee1认为“方法部分没有提供足够的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2认为“方法部分有不足之处（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；综合理解可知，两位审稿人都认为论文方法部分信息不足，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

C、D选项没有提及，属于无中生有。

39.【选项释义】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.与审稿人1不同的是，审稿人2也在结论部分强调了一些要点，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要统计分析来支持强烈的正相关”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“阐述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更关注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“强调其在非西方国家的开拓性”

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位LetterTwo中对referee2的描述，根据最后一句“你论文中的工作实际上是第一个在欧洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同类研究，这一点应该得到强调（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，审稿人2认为应该强调论文中的研究实际上是除欧洲和北美之外的关于这方面的第一个研究，D项与原文表达相同。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

40.【选项释义】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的论文将______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一轮同行评审

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.还可能受到额外的审稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中没有提到

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要额外的审稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改论文后可能还有其他的审稿程序，C项与原文表达相同。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的“同行评审”没有提到，属于无中生有；

B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D选项也属于反向干扰，文中提到了这一点。

4.单选题

AttheInterviewIntheinterviewtofindjobs,youneedtodothefollowingthings.

1.Thefirsttwoorthreeminutesareimportantinestablishingrapport.Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname.Lookattheinterviewerandshowinterestinwhatisbeingsaid.

2.Takeamomenttothinkabouttheanswerstothequestions.Listencarefully;speakclearlyanddonotrush.

3.Benaturalandhonest.Bepositiveandconcentrateonachievementsandexperience.Donotmakefalseclaims.

4.Donotanswerjust’'yes”or"no";supportyouranswerswithexamplesandgivereasonsforyouropinions.Atthesametime,sticktothepointandrememberthattheinterviewer'stimeislimited.

5.Thestatusofthepersoninterviewingyoumayhaveabearingonthewayyouapproachyourmeeting.Apersonnelofficeassessing,candidatesforashortlistwillusuallynotbeinapositiontodiscusstechnicalities,anymorethanthesalesmanagercangiveyouthedetailsofthecompanypensionscheme.However,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves.

6.Usetheinterviewtofindoutwhatyouwanttoknowaboutthejobandtheorganization.Havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer.Makesureyouhavealltheinformationyouneed,notonlyabouttheactualpost,butabouttheorganizationitself,includingsuchaspectsascareerprospects,pensionscheme,andfringebenefits.

7.Useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou.

Aboutall,trynottotreattheinterviewasanexaminationinwhichyouarealwaysonthereceivingend.Useitinsteadasanopportunityforafullandfrankexchangeofinformation.Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions.

1.Itisimportantfortheintervieweetobe

（

）

ataninterview.

2.Personnelofficersare

（

）

todiscusstechnicalities

.

3.Itiswisetohavealistofquestionstoask

（

）.

4.Showtheinterviewerthatyouare

（

）

toworkforhiscompany

.

5.Ataninterviewtheinterviewee（

）.

问题1选项

A.atease

B.casual

C.formal

D.respectful

问题2选项

A.alwaysqualified

B.neverqualified

C.notalwaysqualified

D.unqualified

问题3选项

A.beforeaninterview

B.atthebeginningofaninterview

C.attheendofaninterview

D.afteraninterview

问题4选项

A.anxious

B.desperate

C.eager

D.willing

问题5选项

A.canaskquestions

B.hastoanswerquestions

C.hastoaskquestions

D.shouldaskquestions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段提到“尽量展示出自己友好的一面，微笑，放松，握手，称呼对方”（Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname），这些都是得体的表现，因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“有时候人事专员会准备一些技术问题，他们会评估你的回答，尽管他们自己不是专家”（however,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves），由此可知，并不是所有的人事专员的专业知识都很强的，所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第七段提到“列好一张全面问答的清单，有些问题面试官不会涉及”（havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer），可知这些问题是在面试前已经准备好了，因此选项A符合题意。

第4题:词义题。文章第八段提到“利用每一个机会强调你不仅仅是想要一份工作，而是真的很想为面试你的这家公司工作”（useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou），因此选项C符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“不要害怕询问更多的信息或者提出自己的疑问”（Don’tbeafraidtoaskformoreinformationortoputyourownquestions），因此选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thisroomispart______withafewoldarmchairs.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.decorated

C.beautified

D.furnished

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项provide“提供”，B项decorate“装饰”，C项beautify“美化”，D项furnish“提供，装备，为（房屋或房间）配备家具”。根据关键词room“房间”和armchairs“扶手椅”可知，D项最符合语境。句意：这个房间只有几把旧扶手椅。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI（）.

问题1选项

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。D选项这种结构shouldhavedone，这里用了省略，表示过去应该做，但却没有做的事情。句意为：我上周没有把申请表发出去，但我应该发出去的。D选项正确。

7.单选题

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(para.1)means______.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketconcept,theauthorfocuseson______.

问题1选项

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

问题2选项

A.Mostindustriestodayconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods.

B.Companiestodayfocusonthepreferencesofthedealers.

C.Companiesputtheconsumerinterestabovetheirowninterest.

D.Analysisoftheconsumerinterestdoesgoodtothecompanies.

问题3选项

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposethesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

问题4选项

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetasteareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteofconsumer.

问题5选项

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市场营销注重顾客的需求。它首先分析顾客的喜好和需求，然后再生产出他们满意的商品。这种着眼于顾客的销售方式就是人们所说的市场营销），说明市场营销是以顾客为中心的销售方式。因此C选项“一种以客户为中心的方法”正确。A选项“把产品变成金钱的一种做法”，D选项“销售人员说服劝导的一种方式”是传统销售的方式，所以A,D错误。B选项“根据人们的购买需求生产产品”，由原文可知，这只是市场营销的一个步骤，而不是其本质，所以B错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“当今大多数行业主要集中在商品的有效生产上”，由原文Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产）可知，这是几年前传统销售的做法，所以A错误。B选项“今天的公司关注经销商的喜好”，由原文themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.（制造商和经销商首先要努力找出消费者想要购买的东西，然后再去生产提供购买。）可知，如今的公司更关注消费者的喜好，所以B错误。C选项“公司把消费者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.（这个概念并不意味着商业是仁慈的，或者消费者的满意度优先于公司的利润。）可知，公司还是将自己的利益放在首位，所以C错误。D选项“对消费者兴趣的分析对公司有好处”，由原文Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。）可知，迎合消费者的兴趣有利于公司盈利，D选项符合原文，所以本题选D。

3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产，然后依靠“有说服力的销售技巧”来尽可能多地销售这些产品。），说明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“尽可能多地销售产品”的意思。因此A选项“尽可能多地销售产品”正确。B选项“尽可能高效地运输产品”，C选项“大批量地处理这些产品”，D选项“重新设计这些产品以便于可以大规模制造”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。），接着举了可口可乐公司重新恢复经典口味可乐的例子，说明恢复经典配方是为了迎合顾客的口味。因此D选项“商品的设计应该贴合消费者的口味”正确。A选项“传统型产品对于大多数人来说有着更强的吸引力”，B选项“一种新的产品为公众所接受是需要时间的”，C选项“那些口味保守的消费者最难取悦”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，作者旨在向读者介绍市场营销这一概念的基本特征，即根据顾客的需求组织生产，并通过讲述可口可乐公司恢复原配方这一让人印象深刻的例子强化了读者对其基本特征的了解。因此A选项“其主要特点”正确。B选项“其社会影响”，C选项“其可能带来的后果”，D选项“其理论基础”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

8.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司,很少有人愿意到研究单位。在物欲横流的社会里,这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门,大公司便在竞相聘用他们,向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于许多大企业,甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益,而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣,所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。

9.单选题

Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto（）povertyandbackwardness.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项figureout“理解，算出”；B选项wipeout“消灭，消除”；C选项carryout“实行”；D选项takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我们伟大的社会主义国家里，千百万普通男女正在为消除贫穷落后而无私地工作着。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

问题1选项

/