考研考博-英语-宁夏艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Duringthepastyearsthe（）ofautomobilesaccidentsinNewYorkCityhasdecreased.

问题1选项

A.degree

B.quantity

C.number

D.amount

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。quantity可以形容可数名词或不可数名词，作为数量通常为抽象的概念；number用于形容可数名词，表示"数"；amount用于形容不可数名词，表示"量"。选项C用在此处最恰当。句意：在过去几年里，纽约的汽车事故数量减少了。

2.单选题

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我们正准备和他们进行一些交易，所以我们想确切地了解他们的信用状况。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。transmit传播；传送：transfer使转移;调任;transact办理;执行；进行（贸易、谈判等）;transport运输。空格处的宾语是business(商业，交易)，因此C项符合句意。

3.单选题

Itwasa

verydifficultexamination,（）he

passeditwithdistinction.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.moreover

C.nevertheless

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然考试很难,但他以优异的成绩通过了考试。此处为转折关系,只有nevertheless有转折的含义。

4.单选题

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

问题1选项

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项noless“不亚于，不比……少”；B选项nomore“不再”；C选项notless“至少”；D选项noso“没有，不那么”。句意：约翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是却没有通过考试。本句表示约翰的努力不亚于他的姐姐。因此A选项正确

5.单选题

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

问题1选项

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项sucking“吸，吮吸”；B选项lapping“舔，折叠”；C选项“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D选项sipping“啜饮”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽烟。Swigging“大口喝，痛饮，畅饮”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

问题1选项

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。willhavebeen是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项haseverbeen符合题意。A选项everwas是一般过去时，B选项hadeverbeen是过去完成时，C选项wouldeverbe是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoon（

）it.

问题1选项

A.flood

B.submerge

C.underrate

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。flood意为“淹没，泛滥”，指淹没大片区域；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”，指淹没某个物体；underrate意为“过低评价，低估”；yield意为“屈服，投降”。

句意：水在岩石周围上升，很快就会淹没它。

8.单选题

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

问题1选项

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和乐于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜欢他。A选项为“有原则的，有操守的”；B选项为“归因，属性”；C选项为“起作用”；D选项为“养生法养生之道”。根据原句语义逻辑可知，C项与friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰当，更符合句意。

9.翻译题

1.Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmostseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.

2.ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.

3.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfrombottomtothetop,andsoon,aswellassuchdetailsaseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesinthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.

4.Itislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversus(对，对抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.

5.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryoneprefersanindividualhomeandgarden.Theyalsoignorethehighercostofprovidingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystowork.

【答案】1.英国几乎比世界上其他任何国家都更加需要严肃对待建筑物向高空发展的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。

2.据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。

3.过去，我们的住宅小区和低收入人群相联系，它们缺乏一些必须设施，比如中央供暖设备、稳定的热水供应、贯通上下的电梯等等。还有一些细节之处，如灰尘和垃圾的简单处理设施，一楼的婴儿车存放处，楼顶的儿童游乐场，以及衣服的晾晒场地。

4.就英国而言，关于公寓与私人住宅的争论很可能会持续很长一段时间。

5.那些反对建公寓的人所根据的主要理由是，他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园。他们还忽视了为分散的社区提供全面服务的较高成本，以及上班路上的金钱和时间成本。

10.单选题

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

问题1选项

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。

11.单选题

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

问题1选项

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就脸红。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…时,一提起。

12.单选题

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

问题1选项

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似词辨析。rehearse“排练”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增强”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他们俩都注视着犯罪现场技术人员对各种纤维取样、装袋、去除灰尘、提取指纹、拍照，并且试图重现当时发生的事情。选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌，也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

14.单选题

Youcanalwaysuse（）glassifyouneedtoblockastreetview.

问题1选项

A.convertible

B.decorous

C.opaque

D.salient

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项convertible“可改变的；可转换的；可兑换的”；B选项decorous“礼貌得体的”；C选项opaque“（玻璃、液体等）不透明的，不透光的，浑浊的”；D选项salient“显著的；最重要的”。句意：如果你需要遮挡街景，可以使用（）玻璃。opaque“（玻璃）不透明的，不透光的”，glass（玻璃）可以遮挡光，符合语境。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

问题2选项

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

问题3选项

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

问题4选项

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，这些回报也是应得的。”可知作者认同这种观点即高风险与高回报是并存的。答案A

第2题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音乐之巅’的竞争非常激烈”，可知A项正确，答案A。

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.发表嫉妒言论的人应该记住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。”可知C项正确，答案C。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能会得到完全的回报。但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，他肯定是应得的。这就是个人事业的本质。”可知作者认为个人事业的高风险和高回报并存，这是梦想成为明星的人该注意的地方。故D项正确。

16.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Populationexplosion.

B.Extinctionofrarespecies.

C.Chronichunger.

D.Environmentaldeterioration.

问题2选项

A.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.

B.Theycontributetooverpopulation.

C.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.

D.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.

问题3选项

A.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.

B.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.

C.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.

D.Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?You’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfaceproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.

Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.[23]Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.

Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan’treadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandabout200to215millionwomendon’thaveaccesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycancontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonlyaproblemindevelopingcountries.[24]Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended.Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems.

Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It’snotonlythestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruseslikeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoyorthatprovideyouwithmeat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelightbulbsandtaxicabs,andbuildingsbecausethesearealsopopulations.Itstudiesthesepopulations,inthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsastoolsofanalysis.

Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.Itisthemeanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworld,[25]toimprovethewellbeing,notonlyofyourself—importantasthatmaybe—butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecieswithwhomwesharetheplanet.

23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者在他的讲话中提到的问题之一是什么？录音中段提到，说话人首先要向听众介绍几个人口问题，这些问题分别是：长期饥饿、贫困、文盲、妇女节育和意外怀孕的问题。四个选项中，只有C选项“长期饥饿”正确。A选项“人口爆炸”；B选项“稀有物种的灭绝”和D选项“环境恶化”录音中均没有信息涉及，因此可排除。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于怀孕，说话者说了什么？录音中提及，全球意外怀孕的比率将近一半。A选项“其中大约有一半是无意中怀孕的”是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。B选项“造成了人口过剩”；C选项“生育已得到了控制”和D选项“大部分在孕期中都容易流产”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何看待人口研究？讲话人在最后表明，他认为人口统计学是经济学的一个中心议题；是在现实世界中更明智、更有效的干预手段；能改善人类的福祉，这不仅关乎我们自身，也关乎我们周围的人，以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种。D选项“这对地球上所有物种的福祉至关重要”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它开始吸引研究生的注意”；B选项“许多发展中国家都忽视了它”和C选项“它正在成为跨学科研究的主题”，录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

17.单选题

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

问题1选项

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

问题2选项

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

问题3选项

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

问题4选项

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

问题5选项

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（约翰•斯坦贝克）之前),以及后面说到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60岁时，在他（约翰•斯坦贝克）自己得到该奖项（即诺贝尔文学奖）后),由此可知D项“1962年”正确。

2.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)约翰•斯坦贝克在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为他在很早以前己经在现代美国文学上成名了。由此可知B项“在获得诺贝尔奖之前”正确。

3.判断推理题。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（约翰•斯坦贝克）之前，只有五位美国人先前受到过如此殊荣，这五位在时间上最近的是1954年的欧内斯特•海明威（美国作家）和1949年的威廉•福克纳（美国小说家）),由此可知1949年以前获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人有三位。

4.判断推理题。"doesso”出现在第二段,其所在句是顺承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(约翰•斯坦贝克给一位朋友写信称，如果他不相信自己将继续写出好作品和能免受指责（诺贝尔奖得主在得奖后很少写出有价值的任何东西）的话，那么他将不会接受诺贝尔奖),由此可知C项“获得诺贝尔奖后写出好作品”正确。

5.观点态度题。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要这位作者（即约翰•斯坦贝克）在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为约翰•斯坦贝克在很早以前已经在现代美国文学上成名了)。由此可知D项“约翰•斯坦贝克在1962年前已经非常出名”正确。

18.单选题

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（栖息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼泽地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（实施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

问题1选项

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

问题2选项

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

问题3选项

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

问题4选项

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

问题5选项

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。

2.语义题。根据第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知环境变成了碎片，剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里，下文的smallislands就是指这些区域。根据“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程，选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因，选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商业买卖和杀害也是原因，选项C可排除。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效发挥作用的关键在于人们和法院的实施和支持，所以相关法律需要在人们的支持下制定和实施是最重要的。选项C符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubti