考研考博-英语-厦门工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

问题1选项

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

问题2选项

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

问题3选项

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

问题4选项

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一届，最高法院在美国诉Halper案中一致制定了一项法律规则，该规则将破坏联邦、州和地方政府执行一系列重要监管计划的能力，包括环境保护、证券监管和税收征收）可知选A选项“执行一系列重要的监管计划”；B选项“执行所有重要的规管计划”，C选项“执行环境保护、证券监管、税收征管等重要监管方案”以及D选项“执行除环境保护、证券监管和税收征管外的重要监管计划”都不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（这种可能造成的干扰是由于最高法院认识到，某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，但有时也适用于民事被告，政府正试图对被禁止的活动收取民事处罚）可知A选项“某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，现在对民事被告也同样适用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（虽然法院在Halper案中的裁决只侧重于将双重危险条款扩展到民事处罚程序，但其推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许将其他宪法保护适用于政府发起的民事处罚案件。这些附加的宪法保护包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保障）可知B选项“推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许对政府发起的民事处罚案件适用其他宪法保护”，C选项“第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保证对民事被告适用”以及D选项“法院的推理和裁决只集中于将双重危险条款扩大到民事处罚程序”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初转向Halpe案中涉及的更狭义的双重危险问题，法院对民事处罚程序的双重危险保护的适用是法律上的一个显著变化）可知选C选项“双重危险保护在民事处罚程序中的适用”；A选项“缩小双重危险问题”，B选项“忽视一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件”以及D选项“从一个更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一个显著变化。因此C选项正确。

4.观点态度题。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通过扩大双重危险条款的范围，布莱克门法官的意见忽视了一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件。然而，从更全面的角度来看，除了对双重危险的认定外，法院的推理构成了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心）可知作者认为Halper案的处理方式导致了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心，可以推测作者对Halper案有负面感觉，选B选项“对Halper案有负面的感觉”；A选项“不同意”太过严重；C选项“完全支持”和D选项“喜欢”都不符合原文的表达。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Heneverexertshimselftoaidthosetryingto（

）adifficultsituation.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.modify

C.solidify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；modify“修改；更改”;solidify“团结；凝固”；verify“核实；查证”。句意：他从不帮助那些试图矫正困境的人。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

HerwrittenEnglishwaswonderful,andshehada(n)（）vocabularyforafreshman.

问题1选项

A.credulous

B.incredulous

C.credible

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。credulous"轻信的,易受骗的";incredulous"怀疑的,不轻信的";credible"可信的,可靠的";incredible"不可思议的,难以置信的"。句意：她的书面英语非常棒,而且对于一个大一新生来说,她的词汇量惊人。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

问题2选项

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

问题4选项

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

问题5选项

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我们每天晚上都看电视。晚饭后,我们就会躺在妈妈的床上,再看几个小时电视。”可知作者每天放学后花了很多时间看电视。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、妈妈住在底特律一所肮脏的多户住宅里。”可知作者来自于单亲家庭。故B项正确。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我们的母亲只上完了三年级。但她比我们男孩当时所知道的要聪明得多。她注意到在她打扫书籍的郊区房子里有一些东西。”可知作者的母亲接受的教育很少，并且是个清洁工，故C、D项正确。题干问的是哪一项不正确，故选答案A。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，关掉电视，让我们坐下来，解释说她的儿子们将要做些改变。”可知作者母亲让他俩读书的态度是十分坚决的。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以没过多久，就有两个脾气暴躁的男孩坐在她那辆1959年产的白色奥兹莫比尔汽车上，准备去底特律公共图书馆。我不情愿地在儿童读物间徘徊。”可知他们第一次去图书馆是不情愿的。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这种体验与看电视完全不同。”可知作者当时并没有意识到书本给他带来的新体验。故D项“他意识到书籍给他带来全新的体验”不正确。

5.单选题

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

问题1选项

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

问题2选项

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

问题3选项

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

问题4选项

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

问题5选项

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第三句话WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第四段倒数第二句话提到在很短的时间内，疾病的常见症状出现了。这些实验证明，这种新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知实验是为了测试病毒的传播和再生的速度。因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第四段提到医生用动物来做实验，发现这类病毒再生速度非常快（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第五段第一句话提到这种病毒在其他国家出现之前，最早在中国大陆出现（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章第五段提到这种病毒最早是在中国大陆出现，时间是大约1957年2月份，而被医生发现是在三月份，两个月后通过旅行者传播到了中国香港，然后再传染到新加坡，因此选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,（）Ikeeptothisday.

问题1选项

A.andthus

B.and

C.so

D.andwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。题目中有两个非限制性定语从句，第一个由which引导，先行词在定语从句中做主语，第二个也需用关系代词which，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，所以也不能省略，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

问题1选项

A.witness

B.certification

C.identify

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。witness“证人，目击者”；certification“证明，鉴定”；identify“鉴定，识别”；evidence“证据”。句意：有证据清晰地表明植物和动物受到气候变化的影响。D项符合题意。

8.单选题

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

问题1选项

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。状语从句的主语是康德，可知主句应为表示“人”的代词，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C选项。句意：康德认为说谎是“人的尊严的丧失”，认为反对说谎的规则是绝对的，但很少有人否认诚实这一道德准则不得不受制于环境。此处用双重否定表示肯定。因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

问题1选项

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

10.单选题

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity,sociologistshaveunderestimatedthepoweroftheprimordialhumanneedtobelong.

B.Ethnicityisbestdefinedasadynamicprocessthatcombinesculturalcomponentswithsharedpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

C.IntheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,ethnicgroupshavebeguntoorganizeinordertofurthertheirpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

D.EthnicityintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytheCivilRightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.Oneissupportedprimarilybysociologists,andtheotherisfavoredbymembersofethnicgroups.

B.Oneemphasizesthepoliticalaspectsofethnicity,andtheotherfocusesontheeconomicaspects.

C.OneistheresultofanalysisofUnitedStatespopulations,andtheotheristheresultofanalysisofEuropeanpopulations.

D.Onefocusesmoreontheancestralcomponentsofethnicitythandoestheother.

问题3选项

A.theabilityofmembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculturetosatisfyanessentialhumanneed.

B.howethnicfeelingshavebothmotivatedandbeenstrengthenedbypoliticalactivity.

C.howtheCivilRightsmovementcanhelppromotesolidarityamongUnitedStatesethnicgroups.

D.howparticipationinthepoliticalsystemhashelpedtoimproveagroup’seconomicsituation.

问题4选项

A.Inthe1960’stheMexicanAmericancommunitybegantoincorporatethecustomsofanotherethnicgroupintheUnitedStatesintotheobservationofitsownethnicholidays.

B.Inthe1960’sMexicanAmericancommunitygroupspromotedethnicsolidarityprimarilyinordertoeffecteconomicchange.

C.Inthe1960’sleaderoftheMexicanAmericancommunityconcentratedtheireffortsonpromotingarenaissanceofethnichistoryandculture

D.Inthe1960’smembersoftheMexicanAmericancommunitywerebecomingincreasinglyconcernedabouttheissueofvotingrights.

问题5选项

A.Theretellingoftraditionalnarratives

B.Thewearingoftraditionalclothing

C.Theplayingoftraditionalmusic

D.Thecelebrationoftraditionalholidays

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】46.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段最后一句Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.（虽然这两种定义都是有用的，但都不能完全抓住美国种族的动态和变化的方面）引出两种定义的不足之处，第二段Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.（相反，种族更令人满意地被设想为一个过程，在这个过程中，根据不断变化的现实生活情况，将先前存在的社区纽带和共同的文化属性调整为工具性目的）作者给出更完善的定义，第三段第四段都在举例说明该定义，选B选项“族裔最好定义为将文化成分与共同的政治和经济利益结合起来的动态过程”；A选项“在他们对种族本质的定义中，社会学家低估了原始人类需要归属感的力量”和原文不符；C选项“在20世纪的美国，少数民族开始团结起来，以促进他们的政治和经济利益”和D选项“民权运动显著改变了美国的种族”仅是第三段的内容，以偏概全。因此B选项正确。

47.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Thefirstemphasizesth