虚拟语气精心08.12月课件

Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中共有三种语气陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（theIndicativeMood）（theImperativeMood）（theSubjunctiveMood）Subjunctive虚拟语气可用在if条件句、状语从句、名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，)中。一：虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法。

从句(倒退)

主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反did/werewould/should/could/might+dohaddonewould/should/could/might+havedonedid/should/wereto+dowould/should/could/might+do谓语动词以do为例1.IfIhadtime,Iwouldattend

themeeting.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’t

havemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thave

happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.If

it

shouldrain

tomorrow,they

wouldn’tgo

foran

outing.6.Ithinkwe

coulddo

it,ifwe

planned

it

properly.7.Ifweweretohave

threedaysoff,we

wouldenjoy

averyhappylife.与将来事实相反IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.如果我当时知道你要来，我就去机场接你了。(与过去事实相反，事实是我当时不知道)Iftheycame/weretocome/shouldcometomorrow,theywouldknowoursecret.如果他们明天真的来了，他们就会知道我们的秘密。(与将来事实可能相反)省掉if的条件从句的用法：如果从句的谓语中有should,had,were时，则可以省去if,把这些词提到句首倒装。1.WereIyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.2.Shouldshecometomorrow,Ishouldgiveherthebook.=Ifsheshouldcometomorrow,Ishouldgiveherthebook.

在强调条件从句时，常省去主句，表示“已不能实现”的愿望，它常用ifonly来引导,译成：要是……多好啊！e.g.Ifonlyhewerehere.如果他在这儿就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!如果我按你的建议做了该多好啊！Ifonly

Icouldsee

himagain!如果我能再见到他该多好啊！

用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的有with,without,butfor.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)2.Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)3.Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。e.g.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.使用虚拟条件句时应注意：当条件状语从句表示的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。e.g.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifhehadtelephonedmelastnight,Iwouldseehimnow.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用在宾语从句中2.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的有：一坚持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建议(advise,suggest,propose,),四要求（demand,require,request,desire)这类动词后面的宾语从句用should+do,should可省略。e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalatonce.以上动词相应的同根词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等It’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.(主语从句）Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

to

seemeonceaweek.（表语从句）Allofusarefortheadvicethatthe

chemical

factory

shouldbe

closeddown.（同位语从句）虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的运用asif/though+Clause

现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.与现在事实相反Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.与过去事实相反Itis(high)time(that)…句型中，从句用过去式或should+do，should不能省略，意为“该干…事了”e.g.Itis(high)time(that)youwenttoschool.Itis(high)time(that)youshouldstudyhard.你该努力学习了。4.He______toldyouthat.A.needsnothave B.needn’thaveC.needn’thas D.willhavehad5.You________ittoyourfather.Whynot？A.wouldtell B.shouldtellC.wouldhavetold D.shouldhavetold6._______itraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.A.Should B.Be C.Were D.Will7._______,hewouldteachushowtosolvetheproblem.A.Werehehere B.WashehereC.Ifheis D.IshehereBDAA8.IwishI_______youyesterday.A.saw B.didsee C.hadseenD.weretosee9.—HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?

—No,butIreallywishI_______.A.will B.have C.did D.had10.Iwishthattherain______stop. will B.would Cmay D.can11.Theteacherinsistedthateverystudent_______everyotherline.A.writes B.write C.wouldwrite D.wrote12.Jack’sfatherinsists______inthishotel.A.notstaying BnottostayC.thathenotstay D.stayingnotCDBBC13.Isuggestedameeting_______todiscussthematter.A.willbeheld B.wouldbeheldC.shouldhold D.beheld14.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedhe________toyourplan.A.didn’tagree B.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagree D.shouldn’tagree15.Heinsistedthathe_______ourcar.A.shouldsteal B.wouldstealC.hadn’tstolen D.stealDAC16.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions______.A.mustbeimproved B.beimprovedC.wouldbeimproved D.wereimprovedB17.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_______twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.give B.shouldgive C.begiven D.wouldbegiven18.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting______placeat8o’clock.betaken B.take C.wouldtake D.shouldbetakenCB19.Itisreallysurprisingthatthegirl_______soearly.A.hasmarried