高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解课件

句子成分及练习

英语的词性：

名词(noun)n.

代词(pronoun)pron.实词数词(numeral)num.

形容词(adjective)adj.或a.

副词(adverb)adv.

动词(verb)v

冠词(article)art.虚词介词(preposition)prep.

连词(conjunction)conj.

感叹词(interjection)inter.英语的词性：句子成分

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语和插入语。句子成分句子成分的定义：（一）主语：主语(Subject)

表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.

是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：（一）主语：主语(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular. 2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)7.Whenwearegoingtohavean试一试：

指出下列句中主语的中心词

.

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)试一试：

指出下列句中主语的中心词

.

①

The

teac（二）谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作（二）谓语

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语2、复合谓语：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词.

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词.

高考英语二轮复⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

y（三）表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（三）表语表语(Predicative)高考英语二轮复习：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达“结果是;证明是”，之意，例如：

Therumor(谣言）provedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，

挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.--MydreamisthatIcanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。挑出下列句中的表语一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表（四）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）（四）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.宾语种类：

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

直宾指物间宾指人

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

下列动词只能接不定式做宾语

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如me

挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidthathewasill.一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。挑出下列句中的宾语一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾（五）宾语补足语

宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（五）宾语补足语宾语补足语（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.③TheycallmeLilysometimes.④IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共6（六）定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（六）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstpersontoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourlastname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottocleanthefloor.3.Themaninthegymwastryingtosleep.4.Gymisaplacewhereyoucanexerciseandhavefun.一个完整的句子做定语，那么这个句子叫定语从句。挑出下列句中的定语一个完整的句子做定语，那么这个句子叫定语（七）状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）9种状语种类如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）Shecameinwithadictionary

挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.④HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。挑出下列句中的状语一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状(八)同位语:(Appositive)

一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他内容），对前者作进一步的解释,说明它指的是什么等，叫做同位语。可充当同位语的由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。1.ThisisMr.Zhou,directorofourhospital.2.Yougirlsmaytakethoseseatsoverthere.3.Wordcamethatourteamwon.(八)同位语:(Appositive)1.Sheherselfsaidso.2.Theybothlookbeautiful.3.Areyoutwoready.4.Hissuggestion,togohome,hasmetwithsomeopposition.idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等词后常接同位语从句。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.1.Sheherselfsaidso.idea,fa(10)插入语：

它是指插在句子中的词语，通常是对一句话作出一些附加的解释。

1.Whendoyousupposethey’llbeback.2.Wheredidtheysuggestweshouldgoduringthesummerholiday?常做插入语的结构有：

Ithink,Ihope,I’mafraid,Ibelieve,Isuppose,Iwonder,yousee,youknow,don’tyouthink,don’tyouknow,Itellyou,itseems,itseemstome,itissaid,itissuggested等。(10)插入语：它是指插在句子中的词语(3)做插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词或从句。

1.Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.2.Strictlyspeaking,youarewrong.3.This,inmyopinion,isonlyasimplequestion.4.Bytheway,whereisXiaoLi.5.Sureenough,enemyplanescameagainthenextday.6.Honestly,Idon’tneeditatthemoment.7.Youarenotquitefitforthiskindofwork,ifImaysayso.(3)做插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语ImetmybestfriendToma英语句子的类型简单句并列句复合句只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句英语句子的类型简单句只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语动词系动词不及物动词及物Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.Nobodywent.1）Ourcity

is

atthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.

主语系动词表语

2）Thecity

willbecome

rich.

主语系动词表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：______________________________________________.“感官”类:______________________________________________.“持续”类：___________________________________________.

其他：（似乎）_______________(证明是)_________get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainseemappearturnout/prove(tobe)1．主语+系动词+表语get/become/turn/grow/gotasteExercises你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。________________________________________.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。__________________________________________.这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.Yourstorysoundedveryinteresting.Putthefishintofridge,ortheywillgobad.Thehotdaywillremain/stay/keepafewdays.Theplanturnedout/proved（tobe)practical.Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。Yourstory2．主语+谓语1）Building

hasstarted.

主语谓语2）Thetrain

leavesat7:40.

主语谓语

搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly.

搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.动词副词动词介词2．主语+谓语1）BuildinghasstarteExercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkandsitonthebench.Thebirdssinghappilyinthetree,thefishplaysfreelyinthepoolandIalsoenjoymyself.Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。Ev3．主语+谓语+宾语1）Theboss

employed

fivemoreworkers.

主语谓语宾2）Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.3）Fewstudentsliketakingexams.4）Heforgottoclosethedoor.5）IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.3．主语+谓语+宾语1）ThebossemplExercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。___________________________________.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。___________________________________.他许诺给我一个礼物。___________________________________.Hedrovesofastthathebrokethetrafficrules.Hetookoutabeeranddrankitupquickly.Hepromisedtogivemeagift.Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。____可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promise

顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_____________________________.下学期谁教你们生物？_____________________________.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_____________________________.Bytheway,hasshepaidyoumoney?Whowillteachyoubiology?Mr.Whitetoldmewhyhewentabroad.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He

hasfetched

us

somenewtextbooks.

主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2）Grandma

cooked

us

anicemeal.

主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语

3）Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）Thevillagers

didn’tallow

them

todothis.

主语谓语宾语宾语补足语

2）Iwillkeeptheboxintheshade.3）Wefoundhimaverygoodpupil.4）Sheletmestayinthecompany.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）TheviExercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。______________________________________.我建议他多读点书。__________________________________________.

他修了机器。__________________________________________.我们选他当班长。__________________________________________.HealwayskeepshisroomcleanIsuggesthimreadingmorebooks.Hehadhismachinerepaired.Wemadehimmonitor.Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。Healw分析下列句子基本结构1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.分析下列句子基本结构1.Ourschoolisnot7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grammertoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.7.Iloveyoumorethanher,c并列句用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,butwedidn’tcatchathing.并列句用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。用分Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

2.Thechilddidn’tgoout.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechilddidn’tgoout,becausehewasafraidofthedog.Exercise:Hewastired,sohew由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子,中间用从属连词连接。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句=主句+从属连词+从句复合句由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：

1.主语从句2.宾语从句

3.表语从句4.同位语从句

5.定语从句6.状语从句

复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句指出下列各从句的类型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice指出下列各从句的类型IbelievethateveryBye-bye!Bye-bye!句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么

句子成分及练习

英语的词性：

名词(noun)n.

代词(pronoun)pron.实词数词(numeral)num.

形容词(adjective)adj.或a.

副词(adverb)adv.

动词(verb)v

冠词(article)art.虚词介词(preposition)prep.

连词(conjunction)conj.

感叹词(interjection)inter.英语的词性：句子成分

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语和插入语。句子成分句子成分的定义：（一）主语：主语(Subject)

表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.

是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：（一）主语：主语(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular. 2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)7.Whenwearegoingtohavean试一试：

指出下列句中主语的中心词

.

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)试一试：

指出下列句中主语的中心词

.

①

The

teac（二）谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作（二）谓语

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语2、复合谓语：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词.

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词.

高考英语二轮复⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

y（三）表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（三）表语表语(Predicative)高考英语二轮复习：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达“结果是;证明是”，之意，例如：

Therumor(谣言）provedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，

挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.--MydreamisthatIcanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。挑出下列句中的表语一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表（四）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）（四）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.宾语种类：

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

直宾指物间宾指人

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

下列动词只能接不定式做宾语

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如me

挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidthathewasill.一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。挑出下列句中的宾语一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾（五）宾语补足语

宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（五）宾语补足语宾语补足语（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.③TheycallmeLilysometimes.④IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲