考研考博-英语-保山学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保山学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

问题1选项

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

问题2选项

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

问题3选项

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

问题4选项

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文节选自1923年的作品《自我与本我》。”与第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行为举止相当奇特。当人们满怀希望地与他们交谈，或对治疗的进展表示满意时，他们就会表现出不满的迹象，病情总是会恶化。”可推知D项“对弗洛伊德观点的介绍”正确。其他三项都是文中未提及的内容。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它们对治疗过程的反应是相反的。”和theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他们在治疗过程中病情恶化，而不是好转”。可知A项与B项正确，故答案为D。

3.判断推理题。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我们将正确地把这个令人沮丧的解释作为最后的解释”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.这种内疚感只表现为对恢复的抗拒，而恢复是极其难以克服的”。可知C项正确。

4.细节事实题由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要让病人相信他继续患病的动机是非常困难的，他坚持更明显的解释，即通过分析治疗并不是对他的病例的正确治疗”。可知D项正确。

2.单选题

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanunderstandingofwhatdrivespeople’senvironmentalbehavior,thedreamofalow-carbonsocietywillremainforeveroutofreach.

16.Infaceofclimatechange,mostpeople（）.

17.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmightbethemosteffectivewaytomotivateenvironmentalbehaviors?

18.TheauthorwritesParagraph4to（）.

19.Thephrase“BigBrother”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreat

B.feelunabletotakesuchabigresponsibility

C.endeavortofindoutasolutionwithpsychology

D.takenoenvironmentallyfriendlyaction

问题2选项

A.Watchingadisasterfilm.

B.Holdingaspeechonclimatechange.

C.Appealingforgreenlights.

D.Publicizinglawnadoption.

问题3选项

A.denytheroleofpoliticsandtechnologyinenvironmentalprotection

B.explainhowtodivideresponsibilitiesinenvironmentalprotection

C.showindividuals,politicsandtechnologyareindispensableinenvironmentalprotection

D.displaytheimportanceofhumanbehaviorinenvironmentalprotection

问题4选项

A.manipulative

B.troublesome

C.insightful

D.progressive

问题5选项

A.Behaviorchangeisthemostimportantlinkinenvironmentalprotection.

B.Psychologyisthemissinglinkintheclimatechangedebate.

C.Themotivationofpeople’senvironmentalbehavior.

D.Thepsychologicalwaytochangehumanbehavior.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：面对气候变化，大多数人___________。通过文章第二段第一句话PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.（心理学研究表明，大多数英国人感觉不到气候变化的威胁，因为气候变化是模糊的、抽象的、难以想象的。），可知，A选项“对临近的危险熟视无睹”，符合题意。B选项“感到不能承担如此重大的责任”，C选项“用心理学的方法努力找出解决办法”，D选项“不采取环保行动”在文中均未提及。所以本题的正确选项是A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下那个行动可能是激发环境保护行为最有效的方法？通过第三段首句的内容AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto（美国的一项研究给人们播放了演员就气候变化发表演讲的录音。人们反应最好的版本谈论的是“空气污染””而不是“气候变化”——因为污染是他们可以联系到的可见的东西），可以推断，A选项“看灾难片”，B选项“就气候变化问题发表演讲”，都不可能刺激人们做出环境保护的行为。第三段倒数第二句话Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample)（要改变习惯性行为，一个人必须确定一个目标(例如少开车)），说明方法必须是具体化而且有目的的，只有D选项“宣传草坪采用”，具体到了某一事件。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：作者写第4段，是为了_________。第四段的主要内容是人们认为政治协议和技术进步在减少温室气体排放方面所起的作用比任何个人都要大。但现实是如果法律不够民众欢迎，政党不会通过。说明政治，技术和环境自然界限清楚，但是在环境保护中缺一不可。所以C选项“表明个人、政治和技术在环境保护中是不可或缺的”，符合题意。A选项“否认政治和技术在环境保护中的作用”，作者在第四段并没有否认政治和技术在环境保护中的重要性，排除A选项。B选项“解释在环境保护中如何划分责任”，第四段表明，政治、技术、个人在环境保护中界限清晰，但是并没有划分清楚各自的责任，所以B选项也不正确。D选项“表明人类行为在环境保护中的重要性”，人类行为在环境保护中固然重要，但这也离不开政治和技术的支持。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：词组“BigBrother”(第五段第一行)的意思可能是________。第五段第一句话IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative：millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.（如果从心理上改变生活方式的运动听起来有点太老大哥了，那就考虑另一种选择。数百万英镑花在了从未被使用的技术上，以及一个以市场为基础的经济强制体系上，这个体系惩罚穷人，而富人却继续造成污染。），所以这里“BigBrother”指的是独裁的方法，因此A选项“操作的，操纵的”，符合题意。B选项“麻烦的，讨厌的”，C选项“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”，D选项“进步的，先进的”均不是文章想表达的意思。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：以下那个选项是文章最好的标题？文章开头表明，人类对于气候改变带来的影响没有太多的危机意识，因为他们认为气候变化是模糊的难以想象出来的。之后展开说明人们对习惯性行为的改变，需要明确目标，才能触发行为。政府、科技和个人对环境保护同等重要。如果不了解是什么驱使人们做出环境保护，那么低碳社会的梦想将永远无法实现。所以说个人做出行为改变的动机尤其重要，C选项“人们环境行为的动机”，可以很好的总结全文。A选项“行为改变是环境保护中最重要的环节”，B选项“心理学是气候变化辩论中缺失的一环。”D选项“改变人类行为的心理学方法。”三个选项对文章内容及主旨的概括不是那么全面。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。

3.单选题

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

问题1选项

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。so/such和that搭配都可引导结果状语从句，such后接名词，so后接副词或形容词，结构：so+adj.+a/an+名词，such+a/an+adj.+名词，so和such谓语句首要用部分倒装，选项A符合题意。句意：建筑用机器人是如此的聪明，以至于他们能够减少工地用量的百分之九十。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

动词词义辨析。reject“拒绝”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。

5.问答题

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

6.单选题

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”，aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.“This”inParagraphTworefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatwhilespeakingR.D.Laing（）.

5.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

问题1选项

A.insecurity

B.senseoffailure

C.publicspeaking

D.pressure

问题2选项

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

问题3选项

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

问题4选项

A.wasbothtoocasualandauthentic

B.wasactinglikeaperformer

C.waskeepingagoodbalance

D.wasawareofhisaudience

问题5选项

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：文章第二段的“this”指的是___________。第一段说到演讲使很多人望而却步。首先是因为害羞，其次是害怕在众人面前露面而且担心不能吸引听众。女人尤其讨厌演讲，因为女孩子从小就感受到各种公开露面的压力。然后定位到文章第二段Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.（很多人都有较强的不安全感，这项活动似乎可以引发人们的不安全感。），根据上下文可知，指示代词this指代本篇主题：公开演讲。所以本题的正确选项是C“公开演讲”。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项不是作者的观点________。第四段第三句话Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.像真正的演员那样表演，就像是在念别人的台词而不是你自己的台词一样，往往是行不通的。对应A选项“表演得像演员一样会破坏演讲中的信息”的内容。第五段第一句话Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.（同样地，许多美国学者的完美地不可思议的演讲都极不自然。你可能会在听完演讲后买他们的书，但是很快，你会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉，就像吃完快餐食品后的感觉一样。听完许多完美地不可思议的演讲后往往会有一种莫名的上当受骗的感觉。），说明太完美的内容让演讲不自然，和B选项“为了给人留下好印象，完美的剧本是必要的”表达的意思不符合，所以本题应该选择B选项。第六段的第二句话Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.（但是稿子很少能起作用，它只是大多数演讲者的拐杖而已。）和C选项“自然的表演意味着少依赖准备好的剧本”内容对应，综合以上，可以推断出即使是精心准备的演讲也不一定能够博得听众的好感，所以D选项“在真实的表演和自然的表演之间应该有一个平衡。”也是正确的。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：关于个性，哪一项是作者的观点？通过第四段第一句话Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.（事实上，性格并不能最准确地预测出一个人能否成功。），可推断出A选项“性格是成功演讲的关键”错误。通过第三段第一句话Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.（性格外向的人在这种折磨下比性格内向的人感受到的恐惧要小些，但这并不意味着他们一定会比性格内向的人做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能成功得使自己脱颖而出。）可推断出B选项“外向的人是更好的公众演说家”错误，和C选项“内向的人要想成为优秀的演讲者必须更加努力学习”错误。根据题干关键词personality定位到第四段：Infact，personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell．Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife，thekeyseemstobetoactyourself．（人的性格并非做好演讲的最好标准，关键在于其他因素。）。综上所述，本题D选项“人格之外的因素保证了更好的表现”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干：当提起R.D.Laing时，作者暗示________。通过题干关键词“R.D.Laing”定位到第八段Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.（当他即兴发言的时候表现地好像个十足的怪人。尽管他那天谈论的是有关疯狂的话题，而且他的文章写的是精神病，他看起来就像是在表演而不是在进行解释。），因此R.D.Laing在演讲时更多的是在表演，是在作秀，故B选项“表现得像个表演者”为正确答案。其他三项在文中均未提及，排除。

5.推理判断题。题干：在最后一段，作者建议_________。定位到文章最后一段，Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.（演讲时的最佳心理状态是无意识的自我意识，从而获得表现自然的幻觉。），所以本题的正确答案是D选项“你可以想象自己是自然的”，A选项“你会忘记你的紧张”，文章并没有暗示演讲时会忘记你的紧张，所以A选项排除，B选项“你感觉自然，说话自然”，最后一段表达的意思是，心里状态要自然，并没有提及说话需不需要自然，所以B选项排除，C选项“你可能会感到紧张，但要表现得自然”文章表达的是要克服紧张的心里情绪，所以C选项也不正确，综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。

7.单选题

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B选项account“账户，解释，账目，账单，理由，描述”；C选项thanks“谢谢”；D选项support“支持，帮助，支撑物，支撑，扶持，物质援助，安慰”。句意：西尔维奥•贝卢斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利议会下院仅以微弱优势赢得一票支持后，人们对他维持联盟团结的能力产生了质疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe（

）ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.

问题1选项

A.possession

B.competence

C.confidence

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:应向学过四年英语的人力荐这本书。

possession:拥有，所有,个人财产。competence:能力，胜任,本领。confidence:信心。qualification:资格，条件。

9.单选题

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

问题2选项

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

问题3选项

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

问题4选项

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

问题5选项

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“开篇作者是通过什么方法切入主题？”。首段举出人们对加薪不等的事情会气愤，说这种行为是“人类化的”(alltoohuman)，但现在有研究表明这种行为也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行为。这里对这种行为的两种可能的属性进行类比以引出全文的主题；B项“证实一种假设”，原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以该项错误；D项“解释一种现象”，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来。另外根据第二段第二行liketheirfemalehumancounterparts（就像女性人类一样）可知，这是比较的相同点；A项“指出对比”和C项“做出对照”看起来都是对的，但是A项里面的contrast是指不同处的比较，comparison是指相同处的比较，因此该题C选项正确。

2.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么？”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行为，根据第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工资比你高，你自己的快乐就会消失）和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.（事实上，如果他以懒散著称，你甚至可能会感到愤怒）可以推断出，人类对不公平的待遇会愤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有这种行为，称为alltoomonkey；因此alltoomonkey暗示对不公平的憎恨猴子也会。A项“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒”，文中只是提到人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选；C项“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒”是干扰项，文中的主题是告诉大家猴子和人一样对不公平也会愤怒；D项“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情”，文中没有提到其他动物，所以不选。因此该题只有B选项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“选择雌性卷尾猴作为研究对象，很可能是因为它们确实是……？”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.（和人类女性一样，它们往往比男性更关注“商品和服务”的价值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更会权衡。B项“注意研究员的指示”，没提到，所以不选；C项“漂亮且性情温和”，第二段确实提到了雌性猴子可爱且性情温和，但是这不是它们会被作为研究对象的原因，是因为它们和人类女性一样对价值的权衡才是研究的原因；D项“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博