考研考博-英语-云南新兴职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南新兴职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Wecan______withalotofunhappinessbyuncoveringanddiscardingthebeliefsthatfuelit.

问题1选项

A.dispose

B.dispense

C.dismiss

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项dispose“处理；安排”，不与with连用；B选项dispense“分配；分发”，dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”；C选项dismiss“不予考虑；去除”，dismisswith“用……去除”；D选项dispute“争论”disputewith“与……辩论”。句意：我们可以通过揭露和抛弃加剧不快乐的信仰来______很多不快乐。根据语境，这里指去除不快乐的感受，所以B选项dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

问题1选项

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在任何特定文化中的绝大多数人将遵守那种文化己确立的标准。

考查动词辨析。confine限制，限定，禁闭，confineto只限于，关在…里面；conform使遵守，使—致，使顺从，conformto符合，遵守;confront（为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语）使…无法回避，降临于，处理，面对；confirm（为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语）确认，证实。空格与介词to的宾语standards(标准),因此B无论从语义还是搭配上都符合题干要求。

3.单选题

Thebranchescouldhardly（）theweightofthefruit.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.maintain

D.remain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持、保留”；B选项sustain“维持、支撑”；C选项maintain“维护、维持”；D选项remain“剩下、留下”，句意为：树枝几乎无法承受果实的重量。sustaintheweightofsth“支撑某物”，因此选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

问题1选项

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆，征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。

5.单选题

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

问题1选项

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exceeding超过（数量）B.reducing减少

C.proceeding开始；继续做D.promoting促进；提升

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A.exceeding超过，表示更多。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。

6.单选题

Mountainclimbing,likeothersports,requiresskill,stamina,teamwork,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlespecializedequipment.

问题1选项

A.intelligence

B.guidance

C.endurance

D.caution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A项intelligence“智力，情报工作，情报机关”，B项guidance“指导，引导，领导”，C项endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D项caution“小心，谨慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他运动一样，需要技巧、耐力、团队合作以及处理专门设备的知识和经验。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。

7.单选题

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute（贫民）.OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

（

）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsay"OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire"(Lines10-11,Para.3)?

问题1选项

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

D.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

问题2选项

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

C.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

D.People'sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

问题3选项

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

问题4选项

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment.

问题5选项

A.OnlybyappropriatingadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensofallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文前两段引出公共教育存在的问题，文章的最后一段表明如何解决这个问题。所以全文的主旨应是“如何解决公共教育资金短缺的问题”。A选项“怎样劝说当地社区提供更多资金”与第三段第一句Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities不符。C选项“如何解决日益严重的就业问题”和D选项“怎样改善公共教育系统”过于笼统。因此，本题选择B项最符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题干询问学生人数增加的原因。根据原文第一段第三句可知，法定就业年龄提前了，并且到了法定年龄也可能找不到工作。再由第一段第五句Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment以及最后一句可以得出，法定就业年龄持续提高，而孩子们如果没有就业，就得继续读书，所以造成了学生人数的增加，因此B项正确。A选项“企业需要受过教育的工人”、C选项“工作时间缩短的趋势”；D选项“人们对下一代未来的担忧”都不符合题意，可排除。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段最后一句Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer可以推测，成人教育的公共教育机构不好可能因为是得不到足够的税收支持。因此，本题正确答案为D。

4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段可知，解决失业问题要靠联邦政府救济，公共教育也是如此。全国人民都感兴趣的应是实现良好教育。所得税现在部分用于维持我们邻居的生活，另一部分也应该用于提高邻居的教育，因此政府应该从税收中拨出资金来解决公共教育问题，故A选项正确，B选项“应该要求当地社区提供支持”错误。C选项“应该提高税收满足公共教育的需求”，不符合原文故排除。D选项“应该首先解决失业问题”，属于无中生有。因此本题正确答案为A项。

5.细节事实题。题干询问为何作者会说“只有决定毁掉下一代的民族才会拒绝联邦资金投入公共教育”。A选项“只有拨出足够的联邦教育经费，下一代才能有光明的未来”表述正确；B选项“全国人民都认为支持教育的最好方式是使用联邦资金。”原文只是提到全民对公共教育感兴趣，并未说支持使用联邦资金，更未提及这是最好的方式；C选项“全国人都应该为了下一代的利益做出贡献”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；D选项“受过教育的人决心用部分联邦资金帮助穷人”，原文没有该项信息。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

8.单选题

Theyoungapplicantisundergreat___atthethoughtofup-comingjobinterview.

问题1选项

A.comprehension

B.apprehension

C.miscomprehension

D.concern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项comprehension“理解（理解某事的能力）；包含”；B选项apprehension“理解（理解的人的认知状况）；恐惧（一种害怕坏事可能发生的感觉）；逮捕；忧惧”；C选项miscomprehension“误解”；D选项concern“担心，忧虑（尤指许多人共有的忧虑）；关爱，关心；关心的事，负责的事；关系；公司，企业；（非正式）复杂的物体”。句意：那个年轻的应征者一想到即将到来的工作面试就___。本句表示“应征者担心工作面试”。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

问题1选项

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”，而只有askfor才表示“要求，请求”。应将asked改为askedfor。

10.单选题

Thegeneralmanagerofourcompanyisagoodlistener.Healways（）ourproposalsenthusiastically.

问题1选项

A.takesin

B.takeson

C.takesup

D.takesto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项takesin“接受，吸收，领会，欺骗”；B选项takeson“承担，呈现，具有”；C选项takesup“拿起，开始从事，占据（时间，地方）”；D选项takesto“喜欢，走向”。句意：我们公司的总经理是个善于倾听的人。他总是热情地（）我们的建议。根据题意，可以推测出，总经理是个善于倾听的人，所以他会热情地接受我们的建议，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming（）:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.description

C.qualification

D.contradiction

【答案】D

【解析】interruption中断，干扰之事；description描述，说明；qualification资格，条件；contradiction矛盾。句意：欧洲科学家称，随着数百万候鸟在天空中飞来飞去，这一季节性奇迹似乎取决于一个看似的事实:鸟儿越胖，飞行效率越高。根据后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasilyputupforamonthorayearasforasingleday.

问题1选项

A.last

B.stay

C.arrange

D.manage

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.last持续B.stay暂住

C.arrange安排D.manage管理

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】前文提到“他带着这些东西到任何地方去（Arrivinganywhere）”，后文提到“____一个月或者一年和____一天一样简单”，根据句意，应该是指到某个地方去并且待一段时间，原文putup“（~somewhere）留宿”，因此，B选项stay“暂住”符合句意，且与原文接近。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义。

【句意】他带着这些东西到任何地方去，住上一个月或一年就像住一天一样简单。

13.单选题

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships（

）follow

trafficrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.dutifully

B.cautiously

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。dutifully“尽职尽责地，忠实地”；cautiously“慎重地，谨慎地”；faithfully“忠实地，忠诚地”；skillfully“巧妙地，精巧地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一便是确保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通规则。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.

问题1选项

A.apparent

B.appearing

C.approaching

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项apparent“明白易懂的；未必真实的”；B选项appearing“表现得；似乎”；C选项approaching“（在距离或时间上）靠近”；D选项apart“（指空间或时间）相隔”。句意：他的建议我们大家都______，你不需要进一步说明。根据语境，这里指大家都明白了他的建议是怎么回事，A选项apparent“明白易懂的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch（

）.

问题1选项

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我听不清节目，因为干扰太大。

考查名词辨析。Grasp紧抓,紧握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以强调其大);superior级别(或地位、职位)更高的人,上级,上司;interference干涉,干预,介入,(无线电信号的)干扰。故D符合句意。

16.单选题

I’msorryIhavetocancellunchonTuesday.MysecretaryinformsmethatI'llbeinmeetingsalldaylongtoputthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfornextyear.Howdoesyourschedulelooknextweek?

问题1选项

A.sorryIhavetocancel

B.informs

C.alldaylong

D.putthefinaltouchesonourbudgetfor

E.没有错误

【答案】E

17.单选题

Theyannouncedtothe（）gueststhattheywereengagedtobemarried.

问题1选项

A.adopted

B.acquired

C.accumulated

D.assembled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt“采取，采纳”；acquire“获得”；accumulate“积攒”；assemble“集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Thecandidatehasanimpressively（

）rangeofinterestsandexperience.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.vivid

C.mobile

D.alive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；vivid“生动的，鲜明的”；mobile“机动的，易变的”；alive“活着的，活泼的”。句意：这位候选人有着多样的兴趣和经历。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

问题1选项

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably"相当地,非常";approximately"大约,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家学院,主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。

20.单选题

Upuntiltheageof18,Ireadverylittle.I（1）myselftowhatwasnecessaryforasecondary-school（2）.Iwasalwaysbusyeitherplayingsoccerorfallinginlove.Thencamethedaywhen,asayoungcolumnist,mymain（3）wastoreaD.AndIgottolikeit.Myheadspun!Anunknownpassiontook（4）ofme.Whathappened?Forme,itwasthe（5）ofanewstateofbeinginlove.Ibegantotakepossessionofbooksandtoannotatethem.（6）Iwouldtellthem,inanonlyslightly（7）way,howmuchIlikedthemordidn't.Today,25yearslater,I（8）throughmybooksfromthosedaysandit'smagic,findingmyselffacetofacewiththeyoungmanIoncewas.SometimesI（9）him.OthertimesIfindhim（10

）.Certainremarksseem（11

）tomenow.Othersmakemehappy.Iwasrightaboutthat,Isometimessaytomyself.Twenty-fiveyearslaterIfindthe（12

）traceofmythoughts,my（13

）ofthattime.That'swhyIneverlendoutmybooks.Igive（14

）theonesofwhichIhavetwo（15

）andtheonesI'veneverreaD.ButtheonesI've（16

）upcannot（17

）:theyhavebecomemyjournals,my（18

）.

Toletsomeonereadthemwouldbe（19

）myselfuptoscrutiny.Iwouldbeallowingotherstobreakintomelikea（20

）breaksintoahouse.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.defined

C.limited

D.controlled

问题2选项

A.paper

B.diploma

C.permit

D.qualification

问题3选项

A.interest

B.assignment

C.responsibility

D.right

问题4选项

A.advantage

B.hold

C.charge

D.obsession

问题5选项

A.intrusion

B.attack

C.invasion

D.raid

问题6选项

A.Really

B.But

C.Thus

D.Besides

问题7选项

A.distorted

B.twisted

C.contorted

D.zigzagged

问题8选项

A.thumb

B.scan

C.finger

D.turn

问题9选项

A.enjoy

B.understand

C.receive

D.identify

问题10选项

A.promising

B.eloquent

C.credible

D.hopeless

问题11选项

A.interesting

B.exact

C.stupid

D.desperate

问题12选项

A.live

B.alive

C.living

D.lively

问题13选项

A.sensibilities

B.sentiments

C.senses

D.sensitivities

问题14选项

A.out

B.away

C.up

D.in

问题15选项

A.editions

B.versions

C.copies

D.volumes

问题16选项

A.marked

B.drawn

C.written

D.signed

问题17选项

A.spread

B.circle

C.circulate

D.cycle

问题18选项

A.acknowledgements

B.recognitions

C.admissions

D.confessions

问题19选项

A.giving

B.turning

C.opening

D.revealing

问题20选项

A.guest

B.liar

C.robber

D.burglar

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:C

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】1.根据上下文,前文提到"我"很少读书,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书,由此推测作者将自己限制在有限的学习内容当中。

2.名词词义辨析。paper"论文";diploma"毕业证";permit"允许";qualification"资格"。根据句意,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书。故答案为B。

3.名词词义辨析。作为一名专栏作家,我的主要职责是阅读。

4.takeadvantageofsb."利用";takeholdofsh."抓住,吸引";takechargeofsb."控制";takeobsessionofsb."困扰"。根据句意,一股莫名的激情吸引了我。选项B符合句意。

/r/rusion"闯入";attack"袭击";invasion"侵略";raid"袭击,查抄"。根据句意,能与love搭配的动词只能是intrusion,爱情是闯入进来的。选项A正确。

6.逻辑关系。根据上下文的联系,可知这里应该为因果关系。选项C正确。

7.distorted歪曲的,曲解的,一般指说的话或做的事被曲解;twisted扭曲的,别扭的;contorted扭曲的;zigzagged呈之字形的。twisted和contorted都有"扭曲的"意思,twisted主要指身体的扭曲,contorted表达较为抽象,这里指不直白的,即委婉的表达方式。所以选项C更符合原文。

8.thumbthroughthebook为固定搭配,意为"迅速翻阅一本书"。

9.从下文可知,这里的him指曾经的自己。选项只有understand符合文章上下文语意及逻辑关系。

10.根据原文,曾经的他不爱阅读,在现在的"我"看来,应该是hopeless的。故答案为D。

11.根据下文Othersmakemehappy.可以推断出,前后句子形成对比关系。因此填空处应该填写与happy意义相对的词汇,选项Cstupid符合要求。

12.同根词辨析。live"活的;生动的";alive只能做表语,不可做定语;living"鲜活的,生动的";lively"活泼的,有生气的"。选项中,能与trace搭配的形容词只有living合适。句意：25年后,我找到了我思想的鲜活痕迹。选项C正确。

13.sensibility"感觉,感情";sentiment"多愁善感,情绪";sense"感觉,知觉理智";sensitivity"敏感性"。根据句意,填空处应填入与thoughts意义相近的词。选项A更适合。

14.动词介词搭配。此处所选的介词应与give构成一个词组,并与lendout(借出)同义。giveout"用尽,耗尽";giveaway"捐献,赠送";giveup"放弃";givein"屈服"。选项B正确。

15.名词词义辨析。根据句意,若有两本同样的书,或是从未阅读过的书,他会捐献出去。"两本同样的"应用twocopies;twoeditions和twoversions是"两版",指内容不同;twovolumes泛指"两册",不强调内容是否相同。选项C符合原文。

16.前文讲到作者喜欢在自己的书上记录心得体会,这里也指那些被他注解过的书,动词选mark与介词up搭配,意为"给……做记号"。

17.根据原文,这里指作者做了笔记的书不愿将它流传出去。spread一般指看不见的东西进行传播,所以选项C正确。

18.acknowledgement"了解,认识";recognition"认识";admission"承认,认可";confession"自白,忏悔"。根据上文可知,每次当作者翻开那些被做了注释的书,就好像遇到了以前的自己,说明这些书对作者来说就像是自己的自白,选项D符合原文。

19.根据句意：这些做过笔记的书本,若是被别人读了,就好像把自己赤裸裸地暴露在外了似的。选项C正确。

20.breakinto(入室抢劫)的"强盗"是burglar。选项D正确。

21.案例题

Thinkaboutwhatwouldmakeyoureally,reallyhappy.Moremoney?Wrong.Smiling,well-adjustedkids?Wrongagain.Thefactisweareterribleatpredictingthesourceofjoy.Andwhateverchoiceswedomake,welikelylaterdecideitwasallforthebest.

Theseareinsightsfromhappinesseconomics,perhapsthehottestfieldinwhatusedtobecalledthedismalscience.Happinessiseverywhere—onthebest-sellerlists,inthemindsofpolicymakers,andfrontandcenterforeconomists—yetitremainselusive.Thegoldenruleofeconomicshasalwaysbeenthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.That'swhynationsandpeoplealikestriveforhigherincomes-moneygivesuschoiceandameasureoffreedom.Afteracertainincomecap,wesimplydon'tgetanyhappier.Anditisn'twhatwehave,butwhetherwehavemorethanourneighbor,thatreallymatters.Sothenewslastweekthatin2006tophedge-fundmanagerstookhome$240million,minimum,probablydidn'tmakethemanyhappier,itjustmadetherestofuslessso.

Nowpolicymakersareracingtofigureoutwhatmakespeoplehappy,andjusthowtheyshoulddeliverit.CountriesasdiverseasBhutan,Australia,China,ThailandandtheU.K.arecomingupwith,"happinessindexer,"tobeusedalongsideGDPasaguidetosociety'sprogress.InBritain,the"politicsofhappiness"willlikelyfigureprominentlyinnextyear'selections.Nevermindthattheworld'stophappinessresearchersrecentlygatheredataconferenceinRometodebatewhetherjoyisevenmeasurable.

Whyisthisallhappeningnow?Onlyinthelastdecadehaveeconomists,psychologists,biologistsandphilosophersbeguncross-pollinatinginsuch-awaytoarriveat"happinessstudies."HarvardpsychologistDanielGilberthumorouslysumsupmuchofthenewwisdominhisbook"StumblingonHappiness."Hesays24-hourtelevisionandtheInternethaveallowedusalltoseemoreseeminglyhappypeoplethaneverbefore."We'resurroundedbythelifestylesoftherichandfamous,"saysGilbert,"rubbingournosesinthefactthatothershavemore."

Ofcourse,theideathatmoneyisn'ttherealkeytohappinessisn'tnew.The18th-centuryBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamarguedthatpublicpolicyshouldtrytomaximizehappiness,andmanyprominenteconomistsagreedbutcouldnotquiteembracetheidea.Therewasjustnowaytomeasurehappinessobjectively.

Oneoftheearlyrevelationsofhappinessresearch,fromRichardEasterlinattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,wasthatwhilethericharetypicallyhappierthanthepoor,thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.Thereason,saysEasterlin,isthe"hedoniccycle":wegetusedtobeingricherdarnquick,andtakeitforgrantedorcompareittowhatothershave,notwhatweusedtohave.Turnsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,thankstoourpack-creatureroots.

Thoughmanyhappinessresearcherssay"workless,playmore"istheformulaforhappiness,RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,suggestsotherwise.Hard-workingAmericansranks17thonhislist;thehard-vacationingFrench39th.HumanbeingsdowantaEuropean-stylesafetynet,butalsowantfreedomandopportunity.

Andperhapsourintuitionsabouthappinessshouldtriumphoverthefuzzydata,anyway.Theeconomicsofhappinesshasgivenusacoupleoffairlyhardandfastrulesaboutwell-beingbeingtrulypoorisbad,andtimewithfriendsandfamilyaregood.Thegoodnewsisthatwhateverchoiceswemakeindividuallyandassocietiesinthepursuitofhappinessthere'sgoodchancethatthey'llseembetterinhindsight.Yetanothertruismofhappinessisthat"weallwearrose-coloredglasseswhenitcomestoourpastdecision-making."saysGilbert.Today'sdreadfullifechoicewilllikelybetomorrow'shappyaccident.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Wearepooratprevisionoftheoriginofhappiness,andwewouldprobablybelievethedecisionwemadeisthemostsatisfactory.TheHappinesshasbecome(1)everywherebuttoughtodefine.Nationsandpeoplemanagetogainhigherincomesbasedontheprincipleofeconomicsthat(2)arerelatedtohappiness,butthatisnot(3).Wealthaloneisn'tnecessarilywhatmakesushappy.Itmakesdifferentifwepossessmorethan(4),andthat'swhywefeelunhappytofindthosetop(5)havesuperlativeincome.Somenationsarebeginningtoconsiderissueslikemeasuringsociety'sprogressby(6)aswellasGDP,andresearchersevenheldseminartoexchangesurveysaboutthe(7),thoughtheinfluentialtopicwasadvanced10yearsago.Theissuethatastatepolicyshouldbe(8)thehappinessofthemajority,eruptedmanydecadesagobyBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamandacceptedbymanyeminenteconomists,couldnotfairly(9),becausehappinesscannotbeobjectivelymeasured.The(10)ofthehappinessmadebyRichardEasterlinisthatthewealthmakespeoplehappier,buttheirhappinesswillnot(11)asgreatasitshouldbeiftheyliveabovethe(12).Theycaneasilytakethelifeforgrantedand(13)themoreexpansivewayoflife.Theyare(14)tocomparethelifewithothersandmanagetokeepupwiththeJoneses.RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,doesnotsupportthe(15)"workless,playmore".Accordingtohisinvestigationofhappinesslist,peoplewantaEuropean-style(16)andwanttoenjoyfreedomandopportunityaswell.Weshouldprobablygobeyondtheconfusinginformationand(17)thefairlyprinciplesofthehappiness:povertyis(18),stavingwithfriendsandfamilyis(19),andthedecisionsmade(20)arebychancetobehappyexperience.

A.happinessindexes

B.putintoeffect

C.preliminaryinterpretation

D.formulaforhappiness

E.terrible

F.earnings

G.safetyscheme

H.measurementofhappiness

I.adaptto

J.Mr.Joneses

K.optimize

L.povertyline

M.thecase

N.acquaintwith

O.innate

P.inthepast