2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破17：【词性转换】附答案

2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破17【词性转换】高考英语词性转换（构词法）速查速记考点一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/sion/ationexpect—expectation期望correct—correction改正celebrate—celebration庆祝；庆祝会attract—attraction吸弓丨conclude—conclusion结论discuss—discussion讨论；辩论特殊：explain—explanation解释admit—admission接纳；准许入学compete—competition比赛，竞争pronounce—pronunciation发音describe—description扌苗写decide—decision决定invite—invitation邀请graduate—graduation毕业-er/-ordrive—driver司机；驾驶员announce—announcer广播员conduct—conductor指挥；售票员-mentpunish—punishment惩罚achieve—achievement功绩；成就treat—treatment对待；治疗equip—equipment装备；设备govern—government政府特殊：argue—argument辩论；论据-ance/-enceappear—appearance出现；夕卜貌perform—performance表演；节目exist—existence存在；生存prefer—preference偏爱

refer—reference参考；查阅特殊：guide—guidance指引；指导-ingbegin—beginning开安始-ure/-turefail—failure失败；倒闭press—pressure压力depart—departure离开；出发mix—mixture混合；混合物特殊：expose—exposure暴露-yrecover—recovery恢复；痊愈discover—discovery发现其他choose—choice选择vary—variety多样化；种类tend—tendency趋向；趋势2•形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort—shortage不足；短缺-cyaccurate—accuracy准确性private—privacy隐私；私密efficient—efficiency效率；功效fluent—fluency流利；流畅-domfree—freedom自由；自主特殊：wise—wisdom明智；智慧bored—boredom厌烦-ence/-ancedifferent—difference差异silent—silence沉默patient—patience耐心absent—absence缺席present—presence出席confident—confidence信心convenient—convenience便利important—importance重要-nessweak—weakness虚弱；弱点

kind—kindness仁慈；好意careless—carelessness粗心大意-thwarm—warmth温暖；热情特殊：strong—strength力气；强项deep—depth深度long—length长度wide—width宽度-y/-ty/-ityhonest—honesty诚实difficult—difficulty困难safe—safety安全cruel—cruelty残酷；残暴特殊：responsible—responsibility责任disable—disability无能；伤残考点二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccept—acceptable可接受的comfort—comfortable舒适的fashion—fashionable时髦的suit—suitable合适的reason—reasonable有道理的almusic—musical音乐的origin—original最初的person—personal个人的；私人的center—central中央的；中心的nature—natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt—doubtful怀疑的forget—forgetful健忘的harm—harmful有害的hope—hopeful有希望的peace—peaceful和平的-edscare—scared感到恐惧的

confuse—confused感到困惑的underline—underlined加下划线的-ingsurprise—surprising令人惊异的convince—convincing令人信服的satisfy—satisfying令人满意的ibleaccess—accessible容易取得的horror—horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror—terrible可怕的-iveact—active积极的；活跃的effect—effective有效的；生效的attract—attractive有吸引力的impress—impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinue—continuous不断的；持续的anxiety—anxious忧虑的caution—cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity—curious好奇的humor—humorous幽默的-sometire—tiresome令人厌倦的trouble—troublesome麻烦的-ytaste—tasty美味的；可口的health—healthy健康的wealth—wealthy富裕的；丰富的-erneast—eastern东方的；向东的-ishchild—childish孩子气的fool—foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self—selfish自私的注意：-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。考点三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear—clearly清楚地great—greatly很,大大地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappy—happily高兴地heavy—heavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e,再加-yterrible—terribly可怕地；极度地gentle—gently轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytrue—truly真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-yfull—fully充分地；完全地dull—dully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasic—basically主要地，基本上scientific—scientifically合乎科学地注意：以下形容词变副词的拼写：whole—wholly完全地shy—shyly害羞地dry—dryly/drily干燥地答题技巧点拨理清两种情况，突破词性转换一、从句法功用上看，理清“修饰与被修饰”1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate).［分析］education前面有形容词性物主代词her,此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.［分析］development考查词性转化。根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.［分析］suddenly—sudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop,表示“突然的停止”。3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be,get,become,remain等系动词后。Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.［分析］freelyffree此处需要用形容词作表语。befreefromthem“摆脱他们”。形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。AsIwalked,Ilookedup,tryingtorealizewhatmadethisdayso(beauty)．［分析］beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。5．副词在句中修饰动词。Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.［分析］officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。DadandIwereterribleworried.［分析］terrible^terribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried07．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.［分析］Luckily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand(disappoint).［分析］disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用-ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。二、从“词性”变化上看，理清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点，注意特殊形和变：以e结尾加-ly，切记true需把-e去；-ble,ple都是去-e加-y。另外需注意形副同形词。Instead，hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.［分析］steadyfsteadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。growsteadily意为“稳定地增长”。Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks(regular).［分析］regularly此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“takeshortbreaks"。Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.［分析］immediate^immediately此处修饰“jumpedup"，故应用副词形式。高考英语二轮复习语法突破17【词性转换】测试题一、构词法单句语法填空AccordingtoaUNreport，onethirdoftheworldpopulationhaveno(access)tocleandrinkingwaterandhealthcare.Gettingupatnoonispartofhisroutine.Heleadsa(n)(regular)life.Nowadaysyoungpeoplenever(will)lettheircreativitybelimitedbytheirparentsortraditionalrules.Therearemanykindsofreferencebooksavailableinthebookmarket.Asmartuseofthesebooksiscertainly(benefit)，butthemisuseandoveruseofthemmaycausealotofproblems.Whatawonderfulexamplethesetwoelderlysistersweretome!Iwillalwaysbe(thank)thatIhadtheopportunitytoknowthem.Themuseum'sonlinestorenowoffersspecialculturaland(create)products.Forexample，in2014,itstartedtomakeT-shirtsthatlooklikeanemperorscoat.The(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoaccompanyhimandobserve.It'snotreally(surprise)thatreadingbe-camehervocation.It'sso(comfort)tobeinthatconditionofself-doubtorself-criticismandguilt.Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasa(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.TheTheaterDistrictisapopulartourist(attract)inNewYorkCity.Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop，shesensedsomething(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?Theriver(wide)asitflows.DespicableMeissuchan(enjoy)moviethatchildrenallovertheworldloveit.ProfessorHuangisalways(sense)tothereactionofthestudentswhenhegiveslecture，Allstudentswithout(except)musttaketheEnglishexamination.Duringtraining，an(instruct)talkedindetailaboutthesituationinLiberia.Anofficerevenexpectedthattheywouldfacetoughconditionsandloneliness.I'ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.The(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.AceordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.单句改错Iwillbefullyoccupiedinpreparingforanimportancelecturecomingthedayaftertomorrow.Eventually,membersoftheEnglishclubwillexchangegifts.I'msureitwillbeawarmlyget-together.Passingthroughseveralstreets,wesawnoonebutonlyrubbishhereandthere.AnhourlaterIstillcouldn'tbeartokeepmyeyeswidelyopen.However,myfavouritesubjectismusic,especiallyclassicalmusicwhichoftenmakesmyheartpeacefully.Whenpeoplehavehotpottogether,whatrealmattersisnotonlythefoodbutalsotheatmosphere.语法语篇填空Oneofthepurposesofchildren'sslang(俚语)l(be)tostopadultsfrombeingabletounderstandwhatthey'resaying.Obviously,thestrategyworks.Arecentresearchshowsthat2majorityofadultscan'ttranslatethemeaningofcommonslang.Inasurveyof4,5000peoplelastmonth,"3wasfoundthat85percentofadultsdidn'tunderstandthetranslationsofemoji(表情符号)andtext.ITheresearcherswarnedthatalackof4(aware)ofwhatchildrenarecommunicatingonlinecanleavethemunprotected,withphrasesthatexpresseatingdisordersandunhappinessnot5(understand).Foryoungpeoplegrowingupwithtechnology,thisnewlanguagecomes6(natural),butit'sleavingsomeadultsunsureabout7isbeingsaidbytheirchildrenonline.It'simportantforadultstospeaktoyoungpeopleabouthowtheyusesocialmediaandchatonline.CarolineBunting,generalmanageratInternetmatters,said“Whileitisunrealistictoexpectparents8(know)everypieceofInternetslangtheirchildrenwilleversee,onlinesafetystarts9aconversation.It'svitalforparentstotalktotheirkidsabouttheirdigitalworlds,includingall10(sort)ofthingstheymightexperienceonlineandthetypesofproblemstobeawareof."二、情景父际用适当的词或括号内内容提示填空---Frank,I'velearnedaboutyourplan.MayImakesomesuggestions?---rightahead.Itdoesn'tmater.---ThankyouforyourKindle.I'llaskTonytotakeitbacktoyousoon.---No,I'veboughtanewone.---Whydidn'tyoucomebacklastnight?Iwaitedlong!---Don'tmethat.Youwereplayinggamesthewholenight.---DoyouthinkIshouldjointhesinginggroup,Mary?---not?IfIwereinyourshoes，Icertainlywould.---Thereisalwayssomuchworktodo.I'mgoingtobedrivenmad.---Keep（冷静）.It'llbeallright.---Ican'ttoleratetheairpollutionhereanymore.---Youit.We'veneverhadsomanychemicalfactoriesbefore.---ShouldItakethiscourse?---It'sou.Idon'tknowmuchaboutit.---Doyouenjoyyourpresentjobasasalesman?---NotIjustdoitforaliving.---Didyouhavebutterfliesinyourstomachattheinterview?---You（的确；当然）.Thatwasmyfirstjobinterview.---Thefreegiftdoesn'tlookgood.---No，madam，butifyouwantgoodquality，youhavetopayforit.---Alice，remembertoreturnthebooktomorrow.---it.（好的、明白了、理解了），I'vealreadyfinishedit：---Whycan'tIusethegyminthehotel?---No（并无恶意，请勿见怪），butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit.---I'mafraidnobodyelseagreeswithyou.---So（那又怎样）?I'lldowhatIthinkright!---Whydintyoupaytheaccommodationrent?---Therent?Thatisn't（到期）yettillSunday.---Hello,Sherry.ThisisJohn.I'mcallingfromwork.How'syourmotherfeeling?---That's（体贴）ofyou.Sheisoutofhospital,butthedoctorsuggestedshestayinbedafewmoredays.根据括号内内容提示填空---Ouch,mum!Afishbonehasstuckinmyteeth!---care（别紧张，放轻松）,Lucy.Iamcoming.---Itshouldn'ttakelongtoclearupafterthepartyifweallvolunteertohelp.---That'sright.Manyhandslightwork.（人多力量大）---Smokingshouldbebannedinpublicplaces.---I'monthat.（在这点上我同意你的观点）Itisharmfultoboththesmokersandnon-smokers.---Ifeelsoupset.I'mafraidI'llbefiredfortheterribleeconomiccrisis.---up!（振作起来）Thingsarenotsobadastheyseem.---Lucy，couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?---Iguess，（我想可以）butIhope“afewminutes"won'tturnintoanhour.---Ittookmeeightyearstobuildupmybusiness，anditalmostkilledme.---Well,youknowwhattheysay.Nopains,（不劳则无获）---WouldyoumindifIopenthewindow?---youdidn't.（我希望你不开）Ifeelabitcold.---What'sthematter?Youreallylookdown.---Mindyourown（不关你的事儿）---Well,betterlucknexttime.---Peter,youseeminhighspirits.---Guess?（你猜怎么着）Ihavebeenofferedapart-timejobintheKFC.---Excuseme,Miss,butmayIshareyourtable?---Ofcourse.Bemy.（请自便）---Ifeelnervouswhentakinganexam.---Takeit（别紧张，放轻松）andyoucandoitwell.---Soyoumissedthefootballmatchheldyesterday?---exactly.（不完全是）Igotthere15minutesbeforetheendofit.---Therewon'tbeanywheretopark.均---Oh,that'sagood（很有道理，说得好）Let'strythesubway.---Iwillbeavicepresidentinayearortwo.---Youcan'tbeserious!Iwouldn'tonit.（我看不一定）---YoujustmissedJimmy.He'shavingameeting.---Oh,that'sa（太遗憾了）Doyouknowwhenhewillbeback?---Don'tworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.---Whata!（真让人轻松）I'lltelldadthere'snothingserious.---Areyougoingtotakepartinthespeechcontest?---That'sfor（肯定的）Itistoogoodanopportunitytomiss高考英语二轮复习语法突破17【词性转换】测试题答案详解一、构词法I.单句语法填空1.access句意：根据联合国的一则报告，世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水，得不到好的医疗保2.irregular从前面的Gettingupatnoon可知，他的生活不规律，因此用regular的反义词irregularowillingly句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词let,应用副词，will先转化为形容词willing，willing的副词形式是在其后直接加-ly。beneficial考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。thankful考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处应用形容词形式。creative此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。successful句意：这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语，用形容词。surprising本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容：根据句意用以修饰一件事情，所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising"令人惊讶的”做表语。uncomfortable根据空后的self-doubtorself-criticismandguilt判断前面应填“不舒服的"，It's后应用形容词做表语，故填uncomfortableofoggy此处为形容词做定语，修饰名词day,故用foggy。□.attraction句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及populartourist修饰，应用名词单数。unusual句意：当女售货员走进商店的时候，她察觉到了异常的情况，可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual，表示“不寻常的”。widens句意：这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语，因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen，又因主语是theriver，因此用第三人称单数widensoenjoyable句意：《神偷奶爸》是一部如此令人喜欢的电影以至于全世界的孩子都喜欢。考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此空应用形容词作定语修饰movieosensitive句意；黄教授讲课时对学生的反应总是很敏感。考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作表语，sensitive敏感的；体贴的。besensitiveto对敏感。exception句意;所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。考查固定短语owithoutexception无一例外。□.instructor句意：在训练期间，教官详细介绍了利比亚局势。一位官员甚至预计他们会面临艰苦的条件和孤独。本题考查名词。根据空前面的不定冠词an可知，应该填单数可数名词，再结合句意可知答案。scientist前面有冠词a,所以此处要用单数名词。且根据后面的who可知，填scientistopossibility句意：宇宙中其他行星上存在生命这种可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外部太空。根据前面的the可知，所填的词应是名词形式。故填possibility。global此处修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption,其前需用形容词修饰，故填globalo单句改错importance—important句意：我讲忙着准备后天的一个重要的演讲。根据该句中的名词lecture可知，应用形容词important修饰lecture，表示“重要的演讲"。warmly—warm此处修饰名词get-together应用形容词warm。widely—wide考査副词，空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式：wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely，widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。4.peacefully—peaceful句意：然而我最喜爱的科目是音乐.尤其是常常会使我心情平静的古典音乐。动词make之后通常有复合宾语结构，即“make十宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语通常由形容词充当。5.real—really此处修饰谓语matters，应用副词。matter作动词讲时，意为“要紧"。语篇语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现大多数的成年人不明白儿童俚语表达的意义。l.is考查主谓一致•主语是One,be动词用单数，而且讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时。2.the/a考查冠词。the/amajorityof是固定搭配，表示“大多数的"。3.it考查代词。Itisfoundthat是固定句型，表示“据发现”。awareness考查名词。由句子结构可知此处需要用名词作alackof的宾语。understood考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，phrases与understand之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。naturally考查副词。修饰动词comes用副词。what考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what.toknow考查非谓语动词。expectsbtodo表示“希望某人做某事"。with考查介词。startwith表示“从…开始"lO.sorts考查名词。Allsortsof表示“各种各样的"。二、情景交际I•根据括号内内容提示填空GoGorightahead"直接说吧”。根据句意“弗兰克，我听说了你的计划。我可以提些建议吗?”可知答案。hurry考查情景交际。句意：一谢谢你的电子书阅读器。一会儿我让托尼给你还回去。一-不急。我已买了个新的。Nosense没道理；Nohurry不急；Noway没门；Nouse没用的。根据后一句说boughtanewone（买了个新的），故答话人是不急的。give解析Don'tgivemethat"少来这套”句意：昨晚你为什么没有回来?我等了很久!一一少来这套你整晚都在玩游戏。Why根据回答可知；第二个人赞成他加入这个唱歌团体，故用whynot，为什么不呢？cool解析Keepcool保持冷静，沉住气。分析句意可知，是对于有很多工作要做而发疯的一种劝告：要冷静。6.saidYousaidi“你说得对”表示同意上面的观点。句意；我再也受不了这里的污染了。一你说得对，以前从没有这么多化工厂。7.upto---我应该学习这门课程吗？---由你决定，我对它不是很了解。It'suptoyou由你决定。really解析Notreally"不是真地（不真正地）”。句意：---你喜欢现在的推销员工作吗?---不是很喜欢，我只是谋生，bet句意：---你在而试中是不是忐忑不安。---你说对了。这是我的第一次工作而试。Youbet的确；当然，相当于Ofcourse/Sure/Certainly/Yes等。根据后文first可推知，他一定是很忐忑。doubt解析Nodo