2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号82

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whatwouldyou（）ifyouhadbeenthereatthetimeoftheaccident?

问题1选项

A.do

B.bedoing

C.havedone

D.todo

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的从句使用的是过去完成时haddone，提出过去的未发生的条件。主句部分：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词。句意：如果你当时在事故现场，你会怎么做？因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolor,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.Childrenwerenotcolor-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolorswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolor,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler(学步的儿童).Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCookahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

17.Bysaying“itis...Therainbow”,theauthormeanspink（）.

18.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren’spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby（）.

19.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto（）.

20.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirl’sattractiontopinkseemstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

B.shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’innocence

C.cannotexplaingirls’lackofimagination

D.cannotinfluencegirls’livesandinterests

问题2选项

A.themarketingofproductsforchildren

B.theobservationofchildren’snature

C.researchesintochildren’sbehavior

D.studiesofchildhoodconsumption

问题3选项

A.focusoninfantwearandolderkids’clothes

B.attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

C.classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

D.createsomecommonshoppersterms

问题4选项

A.clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

B.fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

C.wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

D.mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】17.推理判断题。定位在第一段Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.（不是粉红本来不好，它只是彩虹的一小份而已。虽然从某个程度上来说有助于烘托女孩，但它也会不断融合女孩们对于外表的认知。）由此可推理，粉色只是在一方面烘托女孩特质，由此可知粉色只是其中的一个方面，还会有其他方面，因此A选项“不应该是少女时期的唯一代表”正确，符合题意。B选项“不应与女孩的纯真联系在一起”，根据原文Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.（然后，它表示了这种联系，甚至在两岁的孩子之间，不仅能够说明女孩是天真的，而且也能作为天真的证据。）由此可知，作者认为粉色和天真是有关联的。C选项“不能说明女孩缺乏想象力”，D选项“不能影响女孩的生活和兴趣”，均与题意不符。故选A。

18.推理判断题。定位在第三段Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）由此可以推论出市场营销可以在很大程度上影响我们对孩子的心理发展的认识。因此A选项“儿童产品的营销”正确，符合题意。B选项“对儿童天性的观察”，C选项“儿童行为研究”，D选项“儿童消费研究”均不符题意，可排除。故选A。

19.推理判断题。定位在第四段Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（贸易出版物给百货商场提议，要增加销售，应该在婴儿服装和儿童服装之间创造“第三过渡阶段”服装，这个词成为“蹒跚学步者”之后的常见销售术语，后来演变为人们广泛接受的孩子发展阶段。事实证明，将儿童或成人分成更小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）由此可知他们的建议就是细化年龄阶段来推广产品以扩大利润。因此C选项“将消费者分成更小的群体”正确，符合题意。A选项“关注婴儿服装和较大儿童服装”，B选项“对不同性别同重视”，D选项“创建一些常用术语”均不符题意，可排除。故选C。

20.推理判断题。A选项“从她们天性中能够清楚地解释出来”，定位到第二段Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.（女孩对粉色的喜爱似乎是不可避免的，这是基因决定的，但美国研究的副教授乔•保莱蒂认为，事实并非如此。）错误。B选项“服装制造商完全理解”，定位在第三段的最后一句itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.（它在20世纪30年代被服装制造商作为营销手段推广）服装制造商只会制造噱头从中谋利。错误，可排除。C选项“被心理专家解读得很好”，与题意无关，可排除。D选项“受利润驱使的商人的影响”正确，符合题意。根据原文Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原来没有意识到市场营销趋势对我们观念的巨大影响，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他们的心理发展这种核心信念。）以及Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（事实证明，将儿童或成人分成越来越小的类别是提高利润的可靠方法。）Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.（而细分市场最简单的方法之一就是放大性别差异——或者在以前不存在性别差异的地方创造出性别差异。）由此可知女生对粉色的喜爱主要是市场营销下的一种体现。故选D。

3.单选题

WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.

However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathewhichcouldturnirregularshapes—aninnovationthat,madepossiblemassproductionofgunstocks,shoelasts,oblongandsquarewoodware—craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys(捕兽的圈套).Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebusts(半身像)ofprominentcitizens.

36.ThispassagemostlikelycamefromalongerworkaboutearlyAmerican（）.

37.Thepassagesuggeststhattheearlyshopsformakingtoolswere（）.

38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforeThomasBlanchard’sinvention,lathes（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingobjectwasanimportantwood-workingtoolusedbyearlyAmericancraftsmen?

40.Accordingtothepassage,whenwoodenarticlesbegantobemass-produced,whatdidmanyindividualwood-workersdo?

问题1选项

A.artsandcrafts

B.politicalleaders

C.loggingindustries

D.fashiondesign

问题2选项

A.notverysophisticated

B.knownfordoingveryquickwork

C.dependentonimportedmaterials

D.frequentedonlybyfashionablepeople

问题3选项

A.werenotmadeofwood

B.couldnotproducesquareobjects

C.werefoundonlyincabinmakingshops

D.couldbeusedtomakemosttoolsandutensils

问题4选项

A.Abust

B.Adecoy

C.Afigurehead

D.Achisel

问题5选项

A.TheymovedoutofMassachusetts.

B.Theyfoundwoodmakingspecializeditems.

C.Theymadedemandsongovernmentleaders.

D.Theytookjobsonshipsassailors.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】36.推理判断题。A选项artsandcrafts“艺术与手工艺”；B选项politicalleaders“政治领袖”；C选项loggingindustries“木材业”；D选项fashiondesign“时装设计”。定位在第一段第一句WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.（在美国，木雕开始是作为必需品，然后发展成为一门艺术。）本文主要围绕本句展开讨论，故选A。

37.推理判断题。关键词定位在第一段末尾句Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.（起初，这些物品是用刀来切割的，但先驱工匠们建立他们原始的店铺时，大多数物品都是在车床上加工的。车床是一种机器，它可以固定物体，并能在物体旋转的同时进行加工。）而第二段中craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能熟练运用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）由此可知，制作工具的早期商店还是不够精细的。A选项“不是很有经验的；不是很精致”，B选项“以工作速度快而闻名”，C选项“依赖进口材料”，D选项“只有懂时尚的人才会光顾”，BCD选项原文中并未提及，故选A。

38.推理判断题。定位在第二段的第一句However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathecouldturnirregularshapes…（然而，即使是出生在马萨诸塞州的托马斯•布兰查德设计的一台车床也只能加工不规则形状的物体。）由此可以推理出在他发明的车床之前都是不能加工出有规则形状的物体。由此可知B选项“不能制造正方形的物体”正确。A选项“不是用木头做的”，文章并未介绍车床制作的材料。C选项“只能在橱柜店看到”属于无中生有。D选项“可以用来制造大多数工具和器皿”根据原文Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.（由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木头制造工具和器皿。）可以知道早期的车床只能做出木质的工具和器皿。可知D选项错误。故选B。

39.客观细节题。定位在第二段第一句的末尾处craftsmanwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能够熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠仍然供不应求。）可知D选项“凿子”为正确答案。A选项“半身像”，B选项“捕兽的圈套”，C选项“装饰船头的人像”，A，B，C选项皆为成品，并不是工具类的物品，不属于工具，故选D。

40.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后三句Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys.Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebustsofprominentcitizens.（一些准备在橱柜和椅子制造商中就业，而其他人雕刻捕兽的圈套。甚至，其他人专门做店铺招牌、装饰船头的人像或者装饰室内木制品。一部分木雕师甚至接受任务给名人做上半身塑像。”）因此可知，个体木工们找到并细分了自己这块工作的方向。由此可知，B选项“他们找到了木工制作的专门事项”正确。A选项“他们搬出了马萨诸塞州”，C选项“他们向政府领导人提出要求”，D选项“他们在船上当水手”ACD选项在原文中并未提及，故选B。

4.单选题

Shelaterconfessedthatshedidn’treallyworkoutthesolutionbyworkinghardonit.Insteadshe（）itwhenshewasdoingsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.fellbackon

B.stumbleupon

C.fellshortof

D.squeezeoutof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组含义辨析。A选项fellbackon“依赖；依靠于……”；B选项stumbleupon“偶遇；偶然发现”；C选项fellshortof“缺乏；达不到”；D选项squeezeoutof“榨出；挤出”。句意：她承认她并不真的是因为努力思考而得出的方案，而是在做其他事情的时候……想到的。说明她想出的方案是碰巧灵感来了才出现的。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Heroinaddictiontodayisfoundchieflyamongyoungmenofminoritygroupsinghetto(贫民区)areas.Ofthemorethan60,000knownaddicts,morethanhalfliveinNewYorkState.MostofthemliveinNewYorkCity.Recentfiguresshowthatmorethanhalfoftheaddictsareunder30yearsofage.

Narcotic(麻醉的)addictionintheUnitedStatesisnotlimitedtoheroinusers.Somemiddle-agedandolderpeoplewhotakenarcoticdrugsregularlytorelievepaincanalsobecomeaddicted.Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.Studiesshowthatthistypeofaddicthaspersonalityandemotionalproblemsverysimilartothoseofotherregularnarcoticusers.

Manyaddictsadmitthatgettingacontinuedsupplyisthemainobjectoftheirlives.Anaddict’sconcentrationongettingdrugsoftenpreventscontinuinganeducationorworkingatajob.Hishealthisoftenpoor.Hemaybesickonedayfromtheeffectsofwithdrawalandsickthenextfromanoverdose.Statisticsshowthatanaddict’slifespanmaybeshortenedby15to20years.Theaddictisusuallyintroublewithhisfamilyandalmostalwaysintroublewiththelaw.

Somestudiessuggestthatmanyoftheknownnarcoticaddictshadsometroublewiththelawbeforetheybecameaddicted.Onceaddicted,theymaybecomeevenmoreinvolvedwithcrimebecauseitcostssomuchtosupporttheheroinhabit.

Mostauthoritiesagreethattheaddict’sinvolvementwithcrimeisnotadirecteffectofthedrugitself.Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty.

FederalpenaltiesforillegalnarcoticsusagewereestablishedundertheHarrisonActof1914.TheActprovidesthatillegalpossessionofnarcoticsispunishablebyfinesand/orimprisonment.Sentencescanrangefrom2to10yearsforthefirstoffence,5to20yearsforthesecond,and10to20yearsforfurtheroffenses.

Illegalsaleofnarcoticscanmeanafineof$20,000andasentencefrom20to40yearsforlateroffenses.Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.

42.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?

43.Accordingtotheauthor,howcantheaddictsgetmoneyfordrugs?

44.Accordingtotheauthor,whocangetnarcoticeasily?

45.Apersonwhosellsherointoakidcanbe（）.

问题1选项

A.Howtocureadrugaddict.

B.Heroinandnarcotic.

C.Theharmofdrugsandtheantidrugmeasurestakenbythegovernment.

D.TheAmericanlaws.

问题2选项

A.Borrowfromtheirfamilies.

B.Byhardworking.

C.Inanillegalway.

D.Theauthordoesn’tmentionit.

问题3选项

A.Government

B.Medicalworkers

C.Theminorities

D.TheJews

问题4选项

A.fined$20,000

B.sentencedto5to20yearsinprison

C.sentencedtodeath

D.sentencedto20to40yearsinprison

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】42.主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了毒品的危害和政府应对毒品问题采取的措施。因此C选项“毒品的危害和政府采取的禁毒措施”正确，符合题意。A选项“如何治愈瘾君子”在文中并未谈及，可排除，B选项“海洛因和麻醉剂”只是小部分内容，不能作为文章的主旨，D选项“美国法”只说了对非法使用麻醉品的联邦惩罚，不能作为文章主旨。故选C。

43.客观细节题。定位在文章的第五段Turningtocrimeisusuallytheonlywaytogetthatmuchmoney.Theaddicts’crimesarenearlyalwaystheftsorothercrimesagainstproperty（犯罪往往是唯一获得那么多钱的途径。瘾君子犯罪总是偷窃或者其他应对贫穷的犯罪。）由此可知瘾君子购买毒品的钱多是通过非法途径获得的，因此C选项“以非法的方式”正确，符合题意。A选项“向家人借钱”，B选项“通过努力工作”，D选项“作者并未提及”均与题意不符，故选C。

44.客观细节题。定位在第二段Sodosomepeoplewhocangetdrugseasily,suchasdoctors,nurses,andpharmacists.（一些能够轻易获得麻醉药物的人，如医生、护士和药剂师，也容易因此而上瘾。）由此可知医务人员可以轻易的获得麻醉药物，因此B选项“医务人员”正确，符合题意。A选项“政府”，C选项“少数民族”，D选项“犹太人”均与题意不符，故选B。

45.推理判断题。定位到文章的最后一段Apersonwhosellsnarcoticstosomeoneunder18isrefusedparoleandprobation,evenforthefirstoffense.Ifthedrugisheroin,hecanbesentencedtolifeimprisonmentortodeath.（向18岁以下的人出售毒品会被拒绝假释和缓刑，即使是初犯。如果毒品是海洛因，他可能被判无期徒刑或死刑。）由此可以推论只要是贩卖海洛因不论对象是谁，最终判罪都只能是无期徒刑或者是死刑。因此C选项“判处死刑”正确，符合题意。A选项“罚款20000美元”，B选项“被判5到20年监禁”，D选项“被判20到40年监禁”均与题意不符，故选C。

6.单选题

DuringRomantimes,（）andmarblewerethematerialsmostcommonlyusedforsculpture.

问题1选项

A.booth

B.brood

C.bust

D.bronze

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项booth“货摊；公用电话亭”；B选项brood“一窝；一伙”；C选项bust“破产；半身像；胸部”；D选项bronze“青铜”。句意：在罗马时代，……和大理石是最常用于雕刻的材料。由后面的并列名词marble“大理石”，可知需要填入一个和大理石一样能够进行雕刻的材料。因此可以排除A，B，C选项。D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Itwasobviousthathehadbeendrinkingfartoomuchfromthewayhecame（）downthestreet.

问题1选项

A.hobbling

B.stumbling

C.staggering

D.limping

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hobbling“蹒跚；跛行”；B选项stumbling“踌躇；蹒跚”；C选项staggering“蹒跚；踉跄”；D选项limping“跛行”。句意：他……地走到街上，很明显是喝太多了。hobble“跛行”，尤其是因为脚或腿受伤而行走困难。stumble“绊倒”，一般指走路或跑步时脚碰到某物，差点摔倒。stagger“踉跄”，其现在分词staggering可表示“（因生病、醉酒等）摇晃地走”。limp“一瘸一拐地走”，一般是因为一条腿受伤而缓慢或困难地走。而空格内应填入一个动词的现在分词充当伴随状语修饰谓语动词came，前面提及到hehadbeendrinkingfartoomuch“他喝多了”可知他是因为喝多了而走路不稳。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Sincetherewasnoplacetotakeshelter,wegot（）inthesuddendownpourinnotime.

问题1选项

A.stained

B.soaked

C.sprayed

D.sticky

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stained“玷污的”；C选项sprayed“被喷成雾状的”；D选项sticky“粘性的”。句意：由于没有地方躲避，我们立即被突然而至的倾盆大雨……了。可根据关键词downpour倾盆大雨，和前面的noplace进行联想猜测。B选项soaked“湿透的”更符合语境。故选B。

9.单选题

（）,althoughhehaddonenothingtobeproudof,Johnbegantoswellouthischestandshowoff.

问题1选项

A.Favored

B.Frustrated

C.Frauded

D.Flattered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项Favored“支持；偏袒”；B选项Frustrated“挫败；阻挠”；C选项Frauded“作假”；D选项Flattered“奉承；恭维”。句意：当他被……的时候，尽管并没有做出什么值得骄傲的事情，约翰仍然开始挺胸炫耀。根据关键信息nothingtobeproudof“没什么值得骄傲的地方”，但他的反应却是showoff“炫耀的”，由此可知，约翰是被人奉承了。因此D选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincreaseinmodernsociety,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itisveryhardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovideonewithmotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives,weneedtofindwaystodealwithitinordertostayhealthyinmindandbody.

【答案】随着现代社会生活节奏的不断加快，我们正在迅速失去放松的艺术。一旦你习惯了匆匆忙忙的生活，从早到晚忙个不停，就很难慢下来。但是放松对健康的身心是必不可少的。压力是日常生活中无法避免的一部分。实际上，有压力并不是人们习惯认为的坏事。一定的压力会给人的生活提供动力，让人有生活的目标，所以是必不可少的。只有当压力失控时它才可能导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。既然我们在生活中无法摆脱压力，我们就需要找到办法来应对它，才能在身体和心理上保持健康。

11.单选题

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris（）anathlete.

问题1选项

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anythingbut“根本不；绝不”；B选项nonebut“只是；仅”；C选项allbut“几乎；差不多”；D选项somethingbut没有此类搭配。句意：和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑，故选A。

12.单选题

Wewillstopnowand（）workingattwoo’clock.

问题1选项

A.presume

B.consume

C.assume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项presume“假定；推测”，B选项consume“消耗；消费”；C选项assume“设想；假定”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始”。句意：我们现在停下，2点钟……开始。意思是现在先暂停，等到2点后再继续。由此可以排除B选项，A，C选项都有假定的意思，但assume通常用于指在毫无依据的情况下做出假设，很可能是错误的判断。presume通常用于强调基于证据或可能性而得出的看法。此处具体指的意思是“重新开始”。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

问题1选项

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

问题2选项

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

问题3选项

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

问题4选项

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】9.词义推测题。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（来自伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的安德鲁•普伦蒂斯教授说，高脂肪的快餐饮食加上以电视和电脑为主的……的生活方式可能意味着孩子会悲剧性地在年轻时死去。）降低体重的方式一是要控制饮食，二就是需要锻炼运动。而现在的人们吃着高脂肪的快餐做着以电视和电脑为主的工作，由此可知这样的生活方式是宅的，缺乏运动的。因此A选项“大部分时间坐着”正确，符合题意。B选项“吃得太多”，C选项“非常努力的学习”，D选项“消极地思考”，均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

10.推理判断题。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（仅仅在英国，就有100多万16岁以下的儿童被归为超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英国16岁以下儿童被归于肥胖的人数大大地增加了。因此C选项“在80年代中期，超过50万16岁以下的英国儿童被归类为超重。”正确，符合题意。A选项“男人的平均腰围是36-38英寸”，B选项“女人的平均腰围是30英寸”并未指出这只是存在于英国的现象，可排除。D选项“肥胖现在已经蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖问题，可排除。故选C。

11.客观细节题。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普伦蒂斯教授说，导致我们体形变化的原因是现代生活中高热量食物随处可见，随手可得，而科技的发展使得人们每天消耗的热量却大大减少。），由此可知，在教授看来引起肥胖的原因与吃高热量的食物和人们每天消耗的热量减少有关。高热量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D选项“高能量的食物很容易得到，我们消耗的能量更少”正确，符合题意。A选项“我们吃得太多，拒绝做体育锻炼”，B选项“高能量食物很容易获得，科学技术发展很快”，C选项“高能量食物是主要的饮食而且我们使用科技”均与题意不符，可排除。故选D。

12.推理判断题。最后一段先提出问题Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子们的寿命，会像最近的美国肥胖的专家声称的那样，比他们的父母还短吗？）并且回答到答案不确定yes-andno（既是又不是），随后说明是的情况whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（当后代变得非常肥胖时）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就让我们向甜甜圈和汉堡包说不。）这里不是回答开始的问题，而是呼吁人们要有健康的生活方式远离肥胖，不是要禁止油腻食物，也不是要人们一起减肥。因此C选项“我们应该倡导健康的生活”正确，符合题意。A选项“回答父母会比孩子长寿吗？这个问题”，B选项“应该禁止甜甜圈和汉堡包”，D选项“我们应该开始节食”均不符合题意，故选C。

14.单选题

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

问题1选项

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项plunging“骤降；投入”；B选项patrolling“巡逻；侦查”；C选项lounging“懒洋洋地站着”；D选项lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那个失业的人手里拿着雪茄在街上……，心里愁闷不安。D选项符合语境语义，故选D。

15.单选题

Weather（）,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.

问题1选项

A.permits

B.shouldpermit

C.willpermit

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。后半句thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.“野餐会如期举行。”是一个完整的句子，句中并不缺少谓语成分，因此使用独立主格来充当本句的状语。句意：天气允许的话，野餐会如期举行。weather是permit的逻辑主语，两者间是一种主动关系，因此选用permit的现在分词形式，故选D。

16.单选题

Thereweretwosmallroomsinthebeachhouse,（）servedasakitchen.

问题1选项

A.thesmallerofwhich

B.thesmallestofwhich

C.thesmallofthem

D.thesmallestofthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查比较级的使用。最高级表示三者或者三者以上事物的比较，两者中的比较应选用比较级，故可排除BD使用了最高级的选项。同理可排除C选项，使用原级不构成比较。句意：海滨别墅里有两间小房间，较小的那间用作厨房。故选A。

17.单选题

WhileIwasreadinginthesun,adrowsyfeeling（）overme,soIhadtogobackintothehouse.

问题1选项

A.climbed

B.crept

C.crawled

D.rose

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项climbed“爬；攀登”；B选项crept“爬行；蔓延”；C选项crawled“爬行；匍匐行进”；D选项rose“上升；起立”。句意：当我在阳光下看书时，一阵昏昏欲睡的感觉向我……，所以我不得不回到屋里。睡意向我袭来，让我不得不回到屋内。A选项是及物动词，不与介词搭配，可排除。同理可排除D选项。B选项creepover意为“悄悄来袭”，符合句意。C选项主要用来形容人匍匐前行，而句中的主语是adrowsyfeeling，可排除。故选B。

18.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachinhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

36.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（）.

37.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves（）.

38.Humanresponsetostressis（）.

39.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto（）.

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontr