真题演练演练真题真题演练英语四级真题考研英语真题

真题演练2006年6月英语四级真题PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheetl.Forquestions1-7markY(forTES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HighwaysEarlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate(容纳)automobiles.Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike(收费公路)companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdam(forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed),whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.Army'sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy(车队)，henoted:uTheoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lanehighways,butGermany'sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland.”Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.Thewardemonstrateshowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort.Thirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoaconfusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andCongresssoonpassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desserts,andplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse,andthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.Urbanareaswereanotherproblem.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayedbridgessuchasHaleBoggsinLouisianaandtheSunshineSkywayinFlorida,andremarkabletunnelslikeFortMcHenryinMarylandandMt,BakerinWashington,metmanyofthenation'sphysicalchallenges.Trafficcontrolsystemsandmethodsofconstructiondevelopedundertheinterstateprogramsooninfluencedhighwayconstructionaroundtheworld,andwereinvaluableinimprovingtheconditionofurbanstreetsandtrafficpatterns.Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmind,thehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmediansorbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidepeoplewithgreateroptionsintermsofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmostpersonalfreedomofmobility.Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation'seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles.ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear—UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts.w注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Nationalstandardsforpavedroadswereinplaceby1921.GeneralEisenhowerfeltthatthebroadGermanmotorwaysmademoresensethanthetwo-lanehighwaysofAmerica.Itwasinthe1950thattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry'sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects.Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysisstillhigherthanthatofotherAmericanroads.TheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidesaccessbetweenmajormilitaryinstallationsinAmerica.Servicestations,motelsandrestaurantspromotedthedevelopmentoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwas.Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionofPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.EINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange_47_happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信风)，whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin_48_,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃.Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevere_49_thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,_50_floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand_51_.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EINinobroughtthemost_52_weatherinmodemhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds_53_ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists_54_thistobethelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanEINinowill_55_,buttheyarestillnot_56_surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)estimateI)completelyB)strengthJ)destructiveC)deliberatelyK)starvationD)notifyL)bringingE)tropicalM)exhaustionF)phenomenonN)worthG)stableO)strikeH)attractionSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationsmediahasfoundthatpeoplearetwicelikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded一andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you一appearstobethekeytothefinding.JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.Hisresults,tobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectede-mailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触)ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime—inaninstantmessageorphonecall,say一thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)responsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:"Doyoulikemydress?”Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.Butgivenhisresults,workassessment,wherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Hancock'sstudyfocuseson.theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmediathesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideaspeople'sreferencesinselectingcommunicationtechnologiespeople'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia58.Hancock'sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat.peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessagespeopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractionspeoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunicationpeoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversationsAccordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.C)rrheytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia.D)Theyaremostpracticedatthoseformsofcommunication.AccordingtoHancock,thetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause.A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomerssalesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggeratesalesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthysalesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectivelyItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat .honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunicationsmoreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployeessuitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposesD)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompanyPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel"-raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification.InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers'illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmailbyterrorists.ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent.t4We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit'sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou'redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,“Andersonsaid.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AndCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry'sicecreamshopattheairport,hadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境).Castro'scaseiscurrentlywailingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation.A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvaluesencouragingindividualpursuitssharingcommoninterestsD)foundedonsharedideals63.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout^OperationSafeTravel''?A)Guilty.Offended.Disappointed.DiscouragedUndocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel''because.evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterroristsmostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterroristattacksterroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatustheywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairportBysaying"...we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare''(Para4),MayorAndersonmeans"''.wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatuswewillexaminethelawsinadifferentwaythereareotherwaysofenforcingthelawD)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?A)Shewillbedeportedsooneroflater.Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.Hercasehasbeendropped.D)Herfateremainsuncertain.答案PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)l.N2.Y3.Y4.Y5.N6.NG7.Npersonalfreedomofmobility75percenthisvisionandleadershipPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionA47-51：FBELK52-56：JNA〇ISectionB57-61：DCABC62-66：DBCAD答案详解PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)解题思路第一步(略)第二步略读文章、把握大意本文是•篇关于美国高速公路发展状况的说明文。文章在第一至第三自然段提出了问题:美国20世纪初修建的公路已经过于陈旧,该如何满足汽车エ业和军事方面的需求?接下来,文章在第四、五自然段提出了解决方案,即建立州际高速公路。最后的第六至第九自然段,文章对州际高速公路给予了肯定的评价。第三步扫描文章、定位答案.N题干线索:nationalstandards；by1921原文定位:第二自然段:1)...by1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.2)Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.辨析：由原文可知,直到1921年,美国オ有了387,000英里长的公路(pavedroads),但是,除此以外并不存在所谓的国家标准(nationalstandards)对公路的规模、承重限制或商业广告等有所限定。因此,本题说法与原文相悖。.Y题「线索:GeneralEisenhower：broadGermanmotorways原文定位:第二自然段:"Theoldconvoyhadstartedme…Germany'sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland."辨析:在原文中，艾森豪威尔(GeneralEisenhower)认为双车道高速路(two-lanehighways)有其好的一面,但德国的汽车高速公路却更宽阔,更富于理智。因此,本题可判断为正确。.Y题干线索:inthe1950s：tookaction原文定位:第四自然段:Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.辨析：原文告诉我们,1956年第一条州际高速路终于投入使用,而这也被视为20世纪美国最伟大的公共设施之一。因此,本题是对原文意思的转述,故正确。.Y题干线索:geographicalfeatures原文定位:第四自然段:1)Considerthemanygeographicfeatures...andplains.2)Innovativedesigns...weavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.辨析:在修建高速公路时,美国纷繁多样的地理特征(如山脉、峭壁、湿地、河流、沙漠等)造成了诸多麻烦。多亏了对道路、隧道、桥梁等极具创意的设计(innovativedesigns)»最终让高速路遍布全美(weavetheirway)。因此本题正确。N题干线索:thedeathrateoninterstatehighway原文定位:第六自然段：ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads.辨析：原文明确指出,美国高速路上的死亡率只是其他公路的一半。因此,本题的说法与原文不符。NG题干线索:majormilitaryinstallations原文定位:Thewardemonstrateshowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort.辨析:原文只提到二战中高速公路对防御措施的重要性(howcritical..tothedefenseeffort),但并未指明高速公路为美国主要军事据点(majormilitaryinstallations)提供通道。因此,本题信息在原文没有明确指出,故为NG。N题干线索:Servicestations；motelsandrestaurants原文定位:第ハ自然段:Notonly...ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters辨析：原文提到,美国高速公路的发展不近带动了经济的繁荣,同时也带动了周边的服务站、旅舍、饭馆和购物中心的发展。由此可知,本题颠倒了因果关系,故不正确。personalfreedomofmobility题干线索：thegreatestbenefit原文定位:第七自然段:Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmostpersonalfreedomofmobility.辨析:本题时对原文出处的同义转述,即,州际高速公路对每个人带来的最难能可贵的好处是“最灵活的个人机动性”。答案由此而来。75percent题干线索:truck；delivermorethan原文定位:第八自然段:...morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;辨析:由题干线索,我们可以很快找到原文出处,从而知道,全国超出百分七十五的货物运输是由卡车送达。hisvisionandleadership题干线索:renamed；Eisenhower原文定位:最后一自然段:ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.辨析:本题的inrecognitionof(以资纪念)是对原文tohonor(以示尊敬)的转述,答案因此而来。

第四步（略）PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA解题思路第一步:文章大意文章对厄尔尼诺现象做了简单的介绍,包括其起源、影响和危害、周期及如今我们对厄尔尼诺现象的掌控情况。第二步:词性分析名词:strengthカ气phenomenonexhaustion名词:strengthカ气phenomenonexhaustion筋疲力尽动词:estimate估计notify通报strike打击形容词:tropical热带的stable稳定的worth值钱的;值得的副词:deliberately故意地;精心地现象attraction吸引starvation饥饿strike罢エ;打击worth价值bringing引起（现在分词）destructive破坏性的completely完全地第三步:综合分析phenomenon空格前为ー形容词,其后的happens为单数。可推知,空格处为ー单数名词。从前文可知,空格处名词应指代厄尔尼诺这种现象,因此为phenomenon。strength从主谓搭配来看,空格处应描绘信风在哪方面减弱（thetradewindslessen）,选项中剩下的五个名词中能形容风力减弱的只有strength〇tropical选项中能修饰名词thunderstorms（雷暴）的形容词,并且和闷热、潮湿的空气气候现象相联系的只有tropical,选项中其他两个形容词destructive,ljsevere意思重复,而stable不用来修饰thunderstorms。bringing空格处显然为伴随状态,起补充说明作用。选项中只有动词的现在分词形式符合题意,bringing为正确选项。Kwhile前后两分句形成结构上和语义上的对比,从选项中剩下的四个名词中选出能和drought（干旱）、poorcrops（农作物歉收）构成语义上的顺承关系的名词是starvation〇destructive空格处需要一名词。从后一句话对其带来影响的描述（2,000peopledead），可从两个候选形容词中选出destructive,意为:1982至1983年的厄尔尼诺造成了近代史上最具灾难性的天气。worth空格处需要一名词,以与eightbillionpounds搭配修饰damage,选项中worth符合题意,意为:80多亿英镑的损失。estimate空格处需要一动词。在三个候选项中,可先排除notify,因其为不及物动词,后接介词of,接着根据句意可排除strike,estimate符合题意,意为:科学家们估计,这是2000年以来厄尔尼诺周期最长的ー次。strike空格处需要,动词。与54题原因ー・致,可先排除notify。由于主语为厄尔尼诺,选strike与题意相符,意为:气象专家能预测厄尔尼诺何时来袭。completely从空格后的形容词sure可知此处填ー副词。选项中两个副词completely和deliberately,很容易能选completely为正确选项。SectionBPassageOne解题思路第一步:浏览文章、了解大意本文主要对通过各种通讯手段传达信息的真实性进行了探讨。文章以ー个关于通讯媒介诚信度的研究结果为例,引出话题:人们在面对面交流时还是在非直接接触的交流时更容易撒谎。接下来,文章继续深入,以纽约州伊瑟佳市康奈尔大学的JeffHancock教授的研究成果来论证说明，相较于其他即时通讯如电话、谈话而言,人们在诸如电子邮件等非直接交流过程中更容易撒谎。JeffHancock教授分析了造成这ー现象的原因,同时表明将继续深入研发,以期将研究成果用于设计公司雇员间最理想的交流方式。第二步:理解问题、定位选项D题型判断:本题是细节题。从题干句式可知。原文定位:第一自然段:Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia...astheyareinemails.分析：本题意在考察Hancock教授研究的中心何在。从原文可知，Hancock教授的这ー研究致カ于“比较人们在各种通讯媒介中的诚实度”,即为D选项所表述的意思。而A选项“人们利用各种通讯媒介撒谎的后果”在原文未曾提及，B选项“通讯科技在传达人际观点上的成功”则只在第一自然段段首出现过，但这并非Hancock教授研究的中心。至于C选项“人们在挑选通讯科技时的参考对象”也没有在文章中出现。C题型判断：本题是细节题。从题干句式可知。原文定位：1）第二自然段：…andanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.第二自然段:Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.分析:Hancock教授的研究发现，人们在电话或面对面交流时最容易撒谎，因此，他的这ー发现让很多心理学家大吃ー惊。心理学家们的观点分为两派，一派认为人们在电邮等非接触媒介中更易撒谎，另一派则认为面对面交流时人们更易撒谎。因此，Hancock教授的发现显然让前者大吃ー惊。因此，答案为C选项。A选项在文章中未曾提及，B选项与文章意思相悖，而D选项则是Hancock教授的研究结果之一。A题型判断：本题为细节题。从题干句式可知。原文定位：第四自然段：Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.分析：本题意在考核人们之所以在使用某种通讯工具（如电邮等）时更容易讲实话的原因。从原文可知，人们担心自己的通话会留下证据，所以更倾向于讲实话。由此可见，A选项为正确答案。至于B选项“人们认为诚实是最好的良方”，C选项“人们在使用这些通讯工具时更放松”和D选项“他们在那些交流形式中更加训练有素”在文中都未曾提及。B题型判断:本题是细节题。从题干ー句式可知。原文定位:第六自然段：Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.分析:由Hancock的研究结果可知,销售人员与客户联系时最好采用电话方式,因为在电话里往往可以夸大事实,尽量吹嘘产品的优点,因此B选项“销售员在夸夸其谈时毫无限制”为正确答案。其余三个选项都未曾提及。C题型判断：本题是推断题。从题干itcanbeinferredfrom可知。原文定位：第六自然段：Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.分析:文章末尾,Hancock教授希望他的研究能帮助公司找到员工交流最好的方式。接下来,文章举了两个例子：销售人员借助电话可以夸张产品有点，但是,像业绩评估等需要诚实不欺的地方则最好选用电邮。这告诉我们,不同的交流沟通目的应当选择不同的通讯设备和沟通手段。因此，答案为C选项。其他三项都不是文章末段的主旨所在。第三步:（略）PassageTwo解题思路第一步:浏览文章、了解大意本文围绕美国的“安全旅行实施计划”展开阐述。''9.U”事件以后,美国的安全问题被成了全国关注的焦点,为了杜绝类似恐怖事件的发生，美国政府在2001年12月启动了“安全旅行实施计划”,逮捕了一批持假身份证或社保证在机场工作的移民。这ー举动引起了各方面的关注,也引起了各种各样的争论。最直接的影响则在于,被捕的非法移民每天生活在被驱逐出境的威胁中。第二步:理解问题、定位选项D题型判断:本题是细节题。从题干句式可知。原文定位:第一自然段：Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood分析：文章开门见山告诉我们,美国自诩为建立在共同理想（ideals）而非血缘（sharedblood）的基础上。因此，D选项为正确答案。A选项“建立在不同价值理念基础上”与原文意思不符,B选项“鼓励个人追求”在原文中未曾提及，C选项“建立在共同利益基础上”也为提及。B题型判断：本题为细节题和语义题的结合。原文定位：第三自然段：ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.分析：对于政府因推行“安全旅行实施计划”在盐湖城逮捕了69人，当地人特别是移民被激怒了（angered）。因此，本题意在寻找angered的同义词。A选项意为“有负罪感的”，B选项“被惹怒的”，C选项“失望的”，D选项意为“失望的”。由此可见，C选项为最佳答案。C题型判断:本题是细节题。原文定位:第二自然段：Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers'illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmailbyterrorists.分析：由原文可知,政府’‘安全旅行实施计划”之所以将盐湖城那些没有合法身份的エ人作为目标对象,是因为他们更容易因其非法身份被恐怖分子勒索、利用。因此,C选项“恐怖分子可能会利用他们的非法身份”符合原文意思。而A选项”有证据显示,他们是潜在的恐怖分子”和D选项“据报告，他们对机场周围的恐怖分子提供过帮助”则与原文相悖，原文只提到逮捕的人都是恐怖分子。B选项“他们中大多数人都冒着恐怖袭击的危险在机场工作”在原文未曾提及。A题型判断：本题是语义题。从题干bysaying…means可知。原文定位：第四自然段：We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare 分析:本题其实是考核我们对looktheother在文章中的意思。该短语原为“故意朝另外一方看”，结合文章上下文我们可知，盐湖城的Anderson市长称当地移民的激愤从某种程度上是可以理解的,但是，他依然希望他们继续留在那些地方（如机场），因为地方当局可以在法律规章下故意朝另一方看（意即故意钻合法的空子,睁ー只眼闭ー只眼）。因此A选项最符合该意思。B选项“我们将用不同方法验证法律”，C选项“另有其他执法手段”和D选项“不能对现行法律置若罔闻”都曲解了原文意思。D题型判断：本题为细节题和推断题的结合。从题干whatdowelearn可知。原文定位:最后一自然段：Castro'scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,...andshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.分析：整篇文章都在讨论如何安置那些持有非法身份和社保证的移民问题，而被涉及到的人所惴惴不安的就是他们有可能被遣返回国，而Castro的事件只是其中一个案例。文章告诉我们，Castro的案子仍未结案（waitingtobesettled）,目前她能做的只是等待，尽管政府目前通过她的申请，允许她暂回其原工作岗位。由此可见，Castro的去留问题仍然是悬而未决,故答案为D选项。第三步:（略）2006年12月英语四级真题PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheetl.Forquestions1-7markY(forTES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere'sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.justcan'tgetstarted/,Peoplesay.Butit'snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou'reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It'semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosaylifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.EvenasachildIobservedpeoplewhowerepoorordisabledorill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbodywrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbedtowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan'tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat'snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It'slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon'tnoticeitatfirst,buteventuallyyou'llgetaflat.It'suptoyoutoplugtheleak一eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That'swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline—agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here'sachallenge:Ifit'ssomethingyouwouldn'tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou'venevereaten.Listentom