新视野视听说第四册Unit1

UintlILBasicListeningPracticeScriptM:Tmbesidemyselfwithjoy.Tmsolucky.Guesswhat?rvewonalitofmoneyinthelottery.W:Yeah?Well,youdoknowthatmoneyistherootofallevil,right?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?ScriptW:Marywasfurious.Hersonwreckeduphercar.M:Heshouldn1thavedrivenacarwithoutadriver1slicense.He*sstilltakingdrivinglesson.Q:WhatdoweknowaboutMary'sson?ScriptM:Susan,Ihearyou'regoingtomarrythatguy.Somepeoplethinkyou'IIregretit.W:Isthatso?Onlytimetell.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?ScriptM:Mary,IjustwanttosayhowsorryIwastolearnofyourmother'spassing.Iknowhowcloseyoutwowere?W:Thankyou.Itwassosudden.I'MstillinastateofshockIdon'tknowwhattodo.Q:Whichoffollowingistrue?ScriptW:Igetfuriousatworkwhenmyopinionsaren1tconsideredjustbecausermawoman.M:Youshouldairyourviewmoreemphaticallyanddemandthatyourvicebeheard.Q:Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?Keys:l,C2.B3.D4.A5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:Softanswersturnawaywrath.Mary:Dam!You'respilledredwineonme.Mynewdressisruined.John:I'mterriblesorry!WhatcanIdotohelp?Here*ssomewatertowashitoff.Mary:Stopsplashingwateronme!Oh,thisissoembarrassing!Fmamess.John:Well,youdolookalittleupset.Pleasedon'tblowup.Don1tloseyourcool.Mary:Hmm,youfvegotthenervetalkinglikethat!Whoshouldn,tflyoffthehandle?Thisdresscostafortune.John:Youlookreallycutewhenyou'remad.Ikidyounot.Somepeopledolookattractivewhentheyareinarage.Mary:Thisisveryexpensivedress.Isavedformonthstobuyit,andnowit'sruined.Lookatthisstain!John:Accidentsdohappen.Givemeyourdress,andI'IItakeittothecleaners.Mary:Sure!Youwantmetotakeitoffrighthereinpublicandgiveittoyou?Idon'tevenknowyou!John:Thismightbeareallygooftimetogetacquainted.I'mJohnOwen.Mary:Mmm,atleastyou'repolite.IguessIreallyshouldn'thaveflaredup.Afterall,itwasanaccident.I'mMaryHarvey.John:Comeon.I'IItakeyouhome.Youcanchangeyourclothes,andI'IIgetthedresscleanedforyou.Mary:Nowyou'retalking.Thanks.You'rearealgentleman.John:You'dbetterbelieveit.I'mgladtoseethatyou'vecooleddown.Feellookabitetoeatafterward?I'mstarving.Mary:Ok.You*reprettygood.I'mnotnearlyasmad.Ifyoucangetthisstainout,I'IIbeveryhappy.John:TIItrymybest.ButifIcan1tgetthestainout,pleasedon1tletyourhappinessturntowrath.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthedialog?Whydoesthewomangetangry?Whatdoesthemansaytopleasethewomanwhenshelooksangry?Whydoesthewomansaythemanisarealgentleman?Whatistheman'sfinalproposal?Keys:ID2.A3.C4.B5,CTask2:BigJohniscoming!ScriptAbarownerintheOldWesthasjusthiredatimidbartender.This(SI)owneroftheestablishmentisgivinghisnewhiresomeinstructionson(S2)runningtheplace.Hetellsthetimidman,“IfyoueverhearthatBigJohniscomingtotown,(S3)_dropeverythingandrunforthehills!He*sthebiggest,nastiest(S4)outlawwho'severlived!"Afewweekspass(S5)uneventfully.Butoneafternoon,alocalcowhandcomesrunningthroughtown(S6)yelling,"BigJohniscoming!Runforyour(S7)lives!"Whenthebartenderleavesthebartostartrunning,heisknockedtothegroundbyseveraltownspeoplerushingoutoftown.(S8)Ashe'spickinghimselfup,heseesalargeman,almostsevenfeettall.He'smuscular,andisgrowingasheapproachesthebar.Hestepsuptothedoor,ordersthepoorbarkeepinside,anddemands,"IwantabeerNOW!"Hestrikeshisheavyfistonthebar,splittingitinhalf.(S9)Thebartendernervouslyhandsthebigmanabeer,handsshaking.Hetakesthebeer,bitesthetopofthebottleoff,anddownsthebeerinonegulp.Astheterrifiedbartenderhidesbehindthebar,thebigmangetsuptoleave,"Doyouwantanotherbeer?"thebartenderasksinatremblingvoice."Dangit,Idon'thavetime!"thebigmanyells,(S10)"Igottogetoutoftown!Don'tyouhearBigJohniscoming?"Task3:AViewofHappinessScriptDr.Smithhasproposedareasonable,ifperhapssomewhatoversimplifies,viewofhappiness.Accordingtohistheory,happinessmightbedescribedasastateifbalance.Andwhenhumanorcertainanimalsachievethatbalance,theyrendtoremaininthatconditioninordertorepeatthehappyfeeling.Toillustratethis,wemaystudytwomagnets.Whentheirpositiveandnegativepolesmeet,theyarecomfortablyjoined,andtheyremainthere.Inotherwords,theyhaveattainedabalanceorstateofhappiness.Ifontheotherhand,oneofthepolesisreversed,andpositivepoleispressesagainstpositivepole,thereisresistance,instability,imbalanceastateofunhappiness.Animalswithsomedegreeofintelligenceseemtofindhappinessinreinforcement.Oncetheyhavegainedoneormoreoftheirgoalssuchasfood,andwater,theylearntorepeattheactionsthatledtosatisfactionofthosegoals.Thisrepetitionorreinforcementproducesastateofbalanceorsenseofhappiness.Accordingtothistheory,onlyanimalswithasignificantcapacitytolearnshouldbeabletoexperiencehappiness.Butintruthlearningcantakeplacethroughsurprisinglysimpleshort-termactionsuchasscratchinganitch,followedbypleasure,followedbymorescratching,andsoon.Thuslearningcanoccurwithalmostnoconsciousthought.Forhumanbeings,blessedwiththeabilitytoreason,goalsarenotlimitedtotheshort-termsatisfactionofneeds.Indeed,thereisastronglinkbetweenhappinessandthefulfillmentoflong-termgoals.Evenifhumanstriveforgoalsthataremorecomplexandlonger-termthantheanimals,goals,oncethosegoalsaregained,happinessisreinforced.Whydoesthespeakermention"magnets"?Accordingtothepassage,whatmayanimalsdoaftertheyhavegotfood?Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothespeaker?Whatdoesthespeakersayisspecialaboutthegoalsofhumanbeings?Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:ID2.C3.B4.DS.AIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Don'tletitgettoyou!Susan:Youlooksoangry.Whathappened?Chris:NothingFdrathernottalkaboutit.Justdon1task.Susan:Comeon.Relax.Talktome.Chris:Allright.ThismorningItookmycartothegaragetochecktheairconditioner.Theyonlygaveitaquicklook,refilleditwithsomeFreon,andchargedme300bucks!Susan:Nowonderyou*relivid.Fdbemadtooifsomeonerippedmeofflikethat.Chris:Yeah.Andtheywererude.TheysaidIdidn'tknowanythingaboutcars,whichIdon't,buttheydidn1thavetobeblunt!Susan:Soundslikeyougotarawdeal!Chris:Whatsworse,asIwasleaving,Iherdthensaying,"Don'ttrustthatguy.Helooksbroke."WhenIheardthat,Ialmosthittheroof.Susan:Don'tletitgettoyou.Betterignorethem.Chris:Iagree.Ididmanagetokeepmycool.Susan:Well,thebestthingyoucandoistofileacomplaintwiththeConsumerProtectionAgency.Chris:soundslikeagoodidea.MODEL2Fmtoodepressed.ScriptSusan:Chris,Ihearyou'vebeendowninthedumps,soI'vecometocheeryouup.Chris:It'snotgongowork.FmtoodepressedSusan:Come,on.Tellmewhat1sonyourmind.Chris:Everything.Mygirlfriendleftme;mydogranaway;mywalletwasstolen.Susan:Don'tworry.FIIhelpyousolvethebiggestproblem:findingyouanewgirlfriend.Chris:Forgetit.Anyway,I'mgettingbadgrades,andIwastoldthatF_dhavetorepeatalotofcoursesnextyear.WhenIheardthat,Ialmostlostit.Susan:Look,relax.I'IIhelpyouwiththosecourses.Chris:Yeah,butIalsohavethreeweek'slaundrytodo.,andmyroomisapigsty.Susan:Forgetit.You'reonyourown.Chris:Come,on.Whatarefriendsfor?Susan:Tokeepyouinhighspirits;nottodoyourlaundry.MODELSYouseemtobeontopoftheworld.ScriptNora:Oh,hey,John!John:Hey!Nora:Youseemtobeontopoftheworldtonight.What'sup?John」’msohappyI'mabouttoburst.Guesswhat?Nora:You'vegotme.John:Itmightbetruethatmisfortunesnevercomesingly,butyoucanalsohavea"doubleblessing".Andthat'swhatIhad.Nora:Youmeanyou'vehadtwohappyeventsinyourlife?John:Exactly.Youknow,Iwasstronginallsubjectsexceptphysics.NowI'vefinallypassedthetest—theoneIneededtogualifyforaBachelor'sdegree.Nora：Congratulations!You'dfaileditthreetimes.Nowwonderyou'rebeaming.What'stheothergoodnews?John：ThemultinationalIwasdongmyfieldprojectatofferedmeajobatagoodstaringsalary.Nora:Wow,wonderful,simplewonderful.John：Ifeellikecelebrating.Shallwegotoabar?Nora:Whynot?NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGYoulookfurious.Whathappened?Nothing,rdrathernottalkaboutit.Justdon1task.Comeon.Youshouldn*tkeepyourfeelingtoyourself.Youneedtoletoffsomestream.So,talktome.Allright.ThismorningIwenttoashoptobuyadigitalcamera,Ionlyneedanordinaryone.Itisenoughformytoursinthesummervacation.Buytheypersuadedmetobuyaprofessionalcamera,whichcostthreetimesasmuch.Butyouwerewillingtobuyforit.Anyway,itmustworkbetter.Yousee,Iknownexttonothingaboutphotography.Sotheysimplytrickedmeintobuyinganexpensiveone.Nowonderyou,relividwithrage.FdbemadtooifIwererobbedlikethat.Whatareyougoingtodo?Ialreadywentbacktothemandaskedtoexchangeitforacheaperone.Whatdidtheysay?Oh,theywererude.Theyinsistedthattheyhadn'tencouragedmetobuyaprofessionalcamera,andthatIboughtitmyself.Soundslikeyougotarawdeal!Whatsworse,asIwasleaving,Iheardtheysay,“Thatguylooksbroke.Heshouldn'thaveboughtanycamera."Don1tletitgettoyou.Betterignoretheirruderemarks.Iagree.Ididmanagetokeepmycool.Well,thebestthingyoucandoistofileacomplaintwiththeConsumerProtectionAgency.Iftheytalktotheshop,maybetheywillgiveyouarefund.Soundstoogoodtobetrue.LetzsTalkScriptHello,everyone.TodayIinviteyoutojoinmeinanexplorationoffthecausesofdepression.Thereatemanyfactorsinvolved,butIbelievesomedeservespecialattention.Hereditycertainlyplaysarole..Thetendencytodevelopdepressionmaybeinherited;thereisevidencethatthisdisordermayruninfamilies.Physiologyisanotherfactorrelatedtodepression.Theremaybechangesorimbalancesinchemicalswhichtransmitinformationinthebraincalledneurotransmitters.Manymodernantidepressantdrugsattempttoincreaselevelsofcertainneurotransmitterssoastoincreasebraincommunication.Whilethecausalrelationshipisunclear;itisknownthatantidepressantmedicationsdorelievercertainsymptomsofdepression.Researchersalsostudypsychologicalfactors.Theyincludethecomplexdevelopmentofone,spersonalityandhowonehaslearnedtocopewithexternalenvironmentalfactors,suchasstress.Itisfreeqentlyobservedthatlowself-esteemandself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Whileitisnotclearwhichisthecauseandwhichistheeffect,itisknownthatsuffererswhoareabletomakecorrectionstotheirthinkingpatternscanshowimprovedmoodandself-esteem.Anotherfactorcausingdepressionisone'searlyexperiences.Eventssuchasthedeathofaparent,thedivorceoftheparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanalsoincreasethelikelihoodofdepressionlaterinlife.Somepresentexperiencesmayalsoleadtodepression.Jobloss,financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orotherpainfuleventsmaytriggerdepression.Long-termstressathome,work,orschoolcanalsobeinvolved.Itisworthnothingthatthoselivingwithsomeonesufferingfrom\depressionexperienceincreasedanxietywhichaddstothepossibilityof

theiralsobecomingdepressed.Depression-causingFactorsProblemDescriptionSolutionHeredityItisinheritedandruninfamilies.Physiologychangesorimbalancesinchemicals calledAntidepressantdrugsrelievecertainsymptoms ofneurotransmitters,whichtransmitinformationinthebraindepression.PsychologicalFactorsLowself-esteemandself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Suffererswhomakecorrectiontotheirthinkingpatternscanshow improvedmood andself-esteem.

EarlyExperiencesEventlikethedeathofaparent,thedivorceofparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanincreasethelikelihoodofdepression.PresentExperiencesJob loss, financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orlong-termstressmaytriggerdepression.Living withsomebody withdepressionThiscausesincreasedanxiety,whichaddstothepossibilityoftheiralsobecomingdepressed.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:ReasonandEmotionScriptEmotionissometimesregardedastheoppositeofreason;sissuggestedbyphrasesuchasKappealtoemotionsratherthanreason"and"don'tletyouremotionstakeover".Emotionalreactionssometimesproduceconsequencesorthoughtswhichpeoplemaylaterregretordisagreewith;butduringanemotionalstate,theycouldnotcontroltheiractions.Thus,itisgenerallybelievedthatoneofthemostdistinctivefactsabouthumanbeingsisacontradictionbetweenemotionandreason.However,recentempiricalstudiesdonotsuggestthereisacleardistinctionbetweenreasonandemotion.Indeed,angerorfearcanoftenbethoughtofasaninstinctiveresponsetoobservedfact.Thehumanmindpossessesmanypossiblereactionstotheexternalworld.Thosereactionscanlieonacontinuum,withsomeoftheminvolvingtheextremeofpureintellectuallogic,whichisoftencalled"cold",andothersinvolvingtheextremesofpureemotionnotrelatedtologicalagreement,whichiscalled"theheatofpassion".Therelationlogicandemotionmeritscarefulstudy.Passion,emotion,orfeelingcanreinforceanargument,eventonebasedprimarilyonreason.Thisisespeciallytrueinreligionorideology,whichfrequentlydemandsanall-or-nothingrejectionoracceptance.Insuchareasofthought,humanbeingshavetoadoptacomprehensiveviewpartlybackedbyempiricalargumentandpartlybyfeelingandpassion.Moreover,severalresearchershavesuggestedthattypicallythereisno"pure"decisionorthought;thatis,nothoughtisbased"purely""onintellectuallogicor"purely"onemotion—mostdecisionsarefoundedonamixtureofboth.Whatresultsdoesthespeakermaysomefromemotionalreactions?Whatisthepopularbeliefaboutreasonandemotion?Whatdoesthespeakermeanby"cold"?Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldpeopledoinreligiousmatters?Whatisthespeaker,sconclusion?Keys:l.A2.B3.C4.C5.DTask2:DepressionScriptPat:Youlookdepressed.Areyoufeelingblue?I'vecometocheeryouup.Ted:Butthere'snothingthatcancheermeup.I'mdowninthedumps.Life'smiserablePat:Youhavetotrytogetyourmindoffthings.Ted:Butlcan'1.1justfeelthere'stoomuchpressureonmesometimes!Pat:Youcan'tletthingsgetyoudown.Learntorelaxandstopworryingallthetime.What'syourproblem?Ted:Ifailedmylastexam,andanotherexamiscoming,Igetbored.Pat:IfIwereyou,I'dstartworkinghard.Ifyouworkhardforalongtime,you'reboundtogetbettergrades.Yousee,"nopain,nogain".Ted:It'seasiersaidthandone!IfIreadforfifteenminutes,Igetbored.Pat:Youhavetolearnsomeself-discipline.ButhowcanIstaycheerfulallthetime?Ted:Worsethanthat!IfIreadforhalfanhour,Igetaheadache.ThenIstarttoworryaboutpassingthenextexam.Pat:It'sallinyourmind.Ifyoustaycheerfullikeme,everythingwillsoonbeOK.Ted:ButhowcanIstaycheerfulallthetime?Pat:Trytolookonthebrightsideofthings.Ted:Butwhatifthereisn'tabrightside?Pat:Youknowthesaying:Everycloudhasasilverlining.Itmeansthere'realwaystowsidestoeverything一boththedarkandthebrightsides.So,trytoidentifyyourstrengthsandbringthenintofullplay.Ted:Oh,no!Yourcornyoldsayingsaremakingmeevenmoredepressed.Keys:TFFTFTask3:AngerScriptAngerisanemotionthatcanbehardtocontrol.Despitethis,weshouldlearnhowtomanageangerinaconstructivemanner.Inthemostintensemomentsofanger,weusuallyhavetwochoices:tofightortorun.Somechoosetheoptionofviolence,whichisanegativereactiontoanger;andotherschoosetorun.Somemaythinkrunningmeansyouareacoward.Buttheoptionofwalkingawayandclaimingdownisthemoreproductivemethodofhandlinganger.Itisdifficulttowalkaway,especiallywhenyourheartisracing,andyourangerisboilingover.Thereareconstructivewaysofhandlingangerinanysituation.First,youhavetostopforabriefmomentandthinkbeforeyouact.Takethatmomentandcalmdownidyoufeelyourselfbeingpushed.Atthatmomentyoushouldadmityouareangry.Ifyourefusetoadmityou*reangryorhurt,orifyoumakeitappearthateverythingispeachesandcream,youarenotmanagingangryinaproductiveway.Youshouldfirstadmityouareangryandletyourfeelingsoutbeforeyoublowup.Foeexample,youcanstayinaquietplacebyyourselfandshout;oryoucantalktoaclosefriendtoventyourrage.Ifyoudonotacknowledgeyouranger,itonlybuildsupinsideyouandwilleventuallyexplodelikeavolcanoThen,