高三英语复习与训练十二一-动词的语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

Word-18-高三英语复习与训练十二一--动词的语态(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

篇2：动词的时态和语态(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)篇4：高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)篇7：语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)篇10：考点6动词的时态和语态(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)篇12：高三英语复习与训练十六一--虚拟语气(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三英语复习与训练十六一--虚拟语气

16.虚拟语气

1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不肯定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。

2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的状况，故采纳虚拟语气。

16.1真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的状况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：

句型条件从句主句

一般现在时shall/will+动词原形

祈使句

情态动词一般现在时

例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.假如他来，会带小提琴来的。

典型例题

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

留意：

1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.

（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.

（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.

2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall（will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

16.2非真实条件句

1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的状况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。

a.与现在事实相反的假设

条件从句主句

一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等+动词原形

例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.假如他们在这儿，会关心你的。

含义：Theyarenothere,theycan’thelpyou.

b.与过去事实相反的假设

条件从句主句

过去完成时should（would）等+have+过去分词

例如：Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.假如他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告知他的。

含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.

c.表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想

条件从句主句

一般过去时should/would等+动词原形

were+不定式

should+动词原形

例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.假如你将来胜利了，一切都会好的。

Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

含义：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.

16.3混合条件句

有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：

Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.假如你昨天问过他，今日就知道做什么了。

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.假如昨晚下过雨，今日就会很冷了。

16.4虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话，就会关心我们了。

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点，就遇到他了。

Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

留意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.假如我是你，就会去找他。

Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.假如他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI

答案C.在虚拟条件状语中假如有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要留意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说Weren'tItodo。

16.5特别的虚拟语气词should

1）在主语从句中的应用

Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。

Itis可用的词有三类that（should）do

suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等

important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等

apity,ashame,nowonder等

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+（should）do等。例如：

Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。

Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.他要求被派到那儿去。

留意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“示意、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

推断改错：（错）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.

（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

（错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.

（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：

Myideaisthatwe（should）getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.我的想法是让更多的人来参与会议。

Imakeaproposalthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。

16.6wish的用法

1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的状况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

主句从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为were）现在时过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had+过去分词）过去时过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形

例如：IwishIwereastallasyou.我盼望和你一样高。

Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他盼望他没讲过那样的话。

Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我盼望明天下雨就好了。

2）wishtodo；wishsb/sthtodo。例如：

Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我盼望见一见经理。

Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.（=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.）我盼望经理能立刻得到消息。

16.7比较ifonly与onlyif

onlyif表示“只有”；ifonly则表示“假如……就好了”。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。例如：

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响就好了。

Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。

16.8Itis（high）timethat

Itis（high）timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不行省略。例如：

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.孩子们该睡觉了。

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

16.9need“不必做”和“本不必做”

didn'tneedtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。

needn'thavedone表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。例如：

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.

约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.

约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）

典型例题

Therewasplentyoftime.She___.

A.mustn'thavehurriedB.couldn'thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried

答案D。needn'thavedone.意为“本不必”，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。

Mustn'thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,“不行能已经”。mustnotdo不行以（用于一般现在时）。

16.10虚拟语气练习

1.Everything______ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.

a.willbedestroyedb.willhavebeendestroyed

b.wouldbedestroyedd.wouldhavebeendestroyed

2.Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,______.

a.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyb.youwon’thavemissedJohn

c.youwillhavemetJohnd.youwouldhavemetJohn

3.Supposingthisship______,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?

a.wassinkingb.hassunkc.weretosinkd.sunk

4.Theinsectswoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandheads,if______fortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.

a.itisnotb.itwerenotc.wereitnotd.theywerenot

5.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent______aplanforthevacation.

a.madeb.makec.makesd.willmake

6.Frankly,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

a.dob.don’tdoc.didn’tdod.willnotdo

7.Afterthewayshetreatedyou,ifI______inyourplace.

a.beb.amc.wasd.were

8.Theideaisthatthenation______anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.

a.sentb.sendsc.sendd.mustsend

9.It’shightimeyou______.

a.starttoworkb.wouldstarttoworkc.startedtoworkd.hadstartedtowork

10.“IfIhadn’tpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I______abletoplaysowellnow.”

a.wouldn’tbeb.won’tbec.wouldn’thavebeend.couldn’thavebeen

11.Itisimperativethatyou______thereinperson.

a.areb.werec.bed.willbe

12.Theatomicstructureis,______,aminiaturesolarsystem.

a.asitwereb.asiftheywerec.asitwered.asifare

13.Werequiredthatthemachineparts______castiron.

a.ismadeofb.bemadefromc.bemadeofd.ismadeby

14.Themanagementurgedthatthecostofproduction______.

a.tobefurtherreducedb.wasfurtherreduced

b.befurtherreducedd.shouldfurtherreduced

15.Thebusinessisrisky.But______wewouldberich.

a.shouldwesucceedb.weshouldsucceedc.mightwesucceedd.wouldwesucceed

16.Iwishourteacher______togiveanothertest.Ihaven’tgotpreparedyet.

a.isn’tgoingb.weren’tgoingc.willnotgoingd.couldhavegone

17.IwishI______tothemovieswithyoulastnight.

a.wentb.didgoc.couldgod.couldhavegone

18.I’djustassoon______rudelytoher.

a.thatyouwon’tspeakb.yournotspeakingc.younotspeakd.youdidn’tspeak

19.IfI______inthetwenty-firstcentury,I______myvacationinaverydifferentway.

a.shouldlive…wouldspendb.willlive….shouldspend

c.areliving…shouldhavespentd.willbeliving…wouldhavespent

20.Itisrequiredthatthemachine______asfrequentlyasnecessary.

a.beoiledb.mustbeoiledc.isoiledd.willoil

21.HisEnglishteacherrecommendsthathe______aregulardegreeprogram.

a.beginsb.beginc.willbegind.isbeginning

22.Wepreferthattheplan______beforebeingputintoexecution.

a.isfullydiscussedb.mustbefullydiscussed

c.befullydiscussedd.willbefullydiscussed

23.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?

a.bemadeb.willbemadec.wouldbemaded.willhavetobemade

24.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatthepatient______abouthisrealphysicalcondition.

a.benottoldb.notbetoldc.willnotbetoldd.mustnotbetold

25.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.

a.Iftheydonothelpusb.Wasitnotfortheirhelp

c.Shouldtheyoffertohelpusd.Butfortheirhelp

26.Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we______muchbetterresultsnow.

a.gotb.hadgotc.wouldbegettingd.wouldhavegot

27.Henry______arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorefrugalinthepast.

a.wouldbeb.isc.willbed.was

28.Theythoughtitdesirablethatanarmedguard______inreadiness.

a.standsb.standc.stoodd.wouldstand

29.Allsciencestudents,______,shouldhaveagoodfoundationinbasicsciences.

a.whethertheyarefuturephysicistsandchemists

b.theyarefuturephysicistsofchemists

c.theyshouldbefuturephysicistsofchemists

d.betheyfuturephysicistsorchemists

30.Sallycan’thavewrittentome,or______theletterbynow.

a.I’llgetb.I’llhavegotc.I’dhavegotd.I’dget

31.IshouldverymuchliketohavegonetothepartybutI______.

a.amnotinvitedb.wasnotinvitedc.shallnotbeinvitedd.amnotbeinginvited

32.ThereisageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention______totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.

a.isgivenb.givesc.shouldbegivend.mustbegiven

33.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial______toitsburningtemperature.

a.beheatedb.isheatedc.wouldbeheatedd.toheat

34.“Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?”

“No.Ididn’tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI______.”

a.didb.havec.wouldd.had

35.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebusstation.

a.mayhavemetb.mightmeetc.maymeetd.mighthavemet

36.We’resaferinatrainthanwewouldbeifwe______anyotherway.

d.havetraveled

37.HetoldmehowhehadgivenmeshelterandprotectionwithoutwhichI______ofhungerandcold.

a.wouldbediedb.wouldhavediedc.woulddied.willhavedied

38.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

a.Washeleavingb.Ifheisleavingc.Werehetoleaved.Ifheleaves

39.Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight______.

a.couldbenotsolvedb.couldnotbesolved

b.couldnothavebeensolvedd.couldnothavesolved

40.Heisapoorlylearntman.Butheactsasthoughhe______.

a.isb.werec.shouldbed.seemslike

41.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit______ontheway.

a.goeswrongb.gowrongc.wentwrongd.wouldgowrong

42.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.

a.Becauseofb.Inspiteofc.Incaseofd.Butfor

43.Theoldmanwenttoofficeonfoot,buthe______bybus.

a.mighthavegoneb.oughthavegonec.couldhavegoned.shouldbegone

44.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe______topasstheexam.

a.failsb.mayfailc.shouldfaild.wouldfail

45.Sheputonherglassesinorderthatshe_____.

a.canseeb.sawc.hadseend.mightsee

46.Whatever______we’llgoahead.

a.hadhappenedb.willhappenc.mighthappend.maybehappened

47.IfI______outofink,Imighthavefinishedwritingthepaper.

a.hadn’trunb.shouldn’trunc.didn’trund.haven’trun

48.Butforyouradvice,I______intotrouble.

a.wouldgetb.gotc.mighthavegotd.shouldget

49.______forthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.

a.Haditbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Ithadnotbeend.Itnothadbeen

50.Wereitnotfortheadoptionoftheopenpolicy,things______theyaretoday.

a.wouldneverbeb.couldhavebeenc.wouldneverhavebeend.didn’thave

51.IfonlyI______there.

a.havenotbeenb.wouldnotbeenc.willnotbed.hadnotbeen

52.Tomwouldbuythatbicyclebuthe______nomoney.

a.hadb.hasc.hadhadd.hashad

53.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.

a.wasb.werec.hadbeend.went

54.Itistimewe______upourresults.

a.sumb.summedc.willsumd.wouldsum

55.DrBethuneworkedhardasifhe______.

a.neverhadfelttiredb.hadneverfelttiredc.neverfelttiredd.wastirednever

56.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI______thebookfromwhichitwasmade.

a.havereadb.shouldhavereadc.amreadingd.hadread

57.Itisstrangethatsuchathing______inyourschool.

a.willhappenb.happensc.shouldhappend.happened

58.Ifshecouldsew,______.

a.shemakeadressb.shewouldhavemadeashirt

c.shewillmakeashirtd.shewouldhadmadeacoat

59.“DidyounoticeJohnwasnotatworktoday?”

“No.If______working,Iwouldhavenoticedit.”

a.I’dbeb.Iwasn’tc.I’dbeend.weren’t

60.“Whydon’tyouexplainittoher?”

“I______ittoherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.”

a.wouldexplainb.willexplainc.explaind.wouldhaveexplained

61.“Yourperformancewasverygood.”

“IcouldhavedonebetterifI______moretime.”

a.havehadb.hadc.hadhadd.willhavehad

62.“Shewouldn’tdrinkhermedicinelastnight,wouldshe?”

“______.”

a.No,butIwishshewouldn’tb.No,butIwishshehad

b.Yes,