新视野大学英语视听说第4册答案全

UintlLefsTalkScriptHello,everyone.TodayIinviteyoutojoinmeinanexplorationoffthecausesofdepression.Thereatemanyfactorsinvolved,butIbelievesomedeservespecialattention.Hereditycertainlyplaysarole..Thetendencytodevelopdepressionmaybeinherited;thereisevidencethatthisdisordermayruninfamilies.Physiologyisanotherfactorrelatedtodepression.Theremaybechangesorimbalancesinchemicalswhichtransmitinformationinthebraincalledneurotransmitters.Manymodemantidepressantdrugsattempttoincreaselevelsofcertainneurotransmitterssoastoincreasebraincommunication.Whilethecausalrelationshipisunclear;itisknownthatantidepressantmedicationsdorelievercertainsymptomsofdepression.Researchersalsostudypsychologicalfactors.Theyincludethecomplexdevelopmentofone'spersonalityandhowonehaslearnedtocopewithexternalenvironmentalfactors,suchasstress.Itisfreeqentlyobservedthatlowself-esteemandself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Whileitisnotclearwhichisthecauseandwhichistheeffect,itisknownthatsuffererswhoareabletomakecorrectionstotheirthinkingpatternscanshowimprovedmoodandself-esteem.Anotherfactorcausingdepressionisone'searlyexperiences.Eventssuchasthedeathofaparent,thedivorceoftheparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanalsoincreasethelikelihoodofdepressionlaterinlife.Somepresentexperiencesmayalsoleadtodepression.Jobloss,financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orotherpainfuleventsmaytriggerdepression.Long-termstressathome,work,orschoolcanalsobeinvolved.Itisworthnothingthatthoselivingwithsomeonesufferingfrom\depressionexperienceincreasedanxietywhichaddstothepossibilityoftheiralsobecomingdepressed.Depression-causingFactorsProblemDescriptionSolutionHeredityItisinheritedandruninfamilies.Physiologychangesorimbalancesinchemicals calledneurotransmitters,whichtransmitinformationinthebrainAntidepressantdrugsrelievecertainsymptomsofdepression.PsychologicalFactorsLow self-esteem andself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Suffererswhomakecorrectiontotheirthinkingpatternscanshowimprovedmoodandself-esteem.EarlyExperiencesEventlikethedeathofaparent,thedivorceofparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanincreasethelikelihoodofdepression.PresentExperiencesJobloss,financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orlong-termstressmaytriggerdepression.LivingwithsomebodywithdepressionThiscausesincreasedanxiety,whichaddstothepossibilityoftheiralsobecomingdepressed.Uint2LefsTalkScriptGreetings,ladiesandgentlemen.Ihopeyou'llfinditinterestinghowtobefashionablewithoutspendingtoomuchmoney.Sure,somefamousstarsalwayslookstylish.Theyhaveunlimitedclothingbudgetsthatputthelatestlooksattheirfingertips!Butyoucanalsolookamazingwithoutspendinglotsofmoneyonyourwardrobes.Simpletrythefollowingsuggestionsonforsize.First,youshouldmakeseasonalpurchases;thatis,youshouldbuywintercoats,leatherjackets,bathingsuits,adsummerdressattheendoftheseason.You'llgetmajordiscountsasyoustockupforthenextyear.Ifyouwantclothestowearrightnow,youcangotodiscountstores.Theymaynotbetheplacetobuyanexpensiveeveningdress,butthey'reperfectforbuyingthingslikeT-shirtsThereisyetanothercheapwayofyoutobuystylishclothes.Manydepartmentstoreshaveastorebrand.Itmeanstheyoffercurrentstylesbutaremuchcheaperthanbig-namebrands.Tosavemoney,animportantprincipleforyoutofollowistonotbuy“outfits”.Withtheexceptionofsuits,interchangeablepiecearemoreaffordable—buyingclothinginseparate.Wear-with-anythingpiecesarealwaysagoodbuy.Forexample,youcanalmostalwayswearapairofblacktrousersandawhitedressskirt;youcanwearthemseveraltimesaweek,pairedwithdifferentaccessories.Ifyoucan'taffordexpensiveclothes,youcanspendmoneyonaccessoriessuchasniceshoesandfashionablebags.Suchextrasmakeeventhesimplestoutfitlookpolished.Finally,agreathaircutalwayshelps.Whenyouhairlooksfabulous,youlookmorestylishandfashionable.Money-savingMethodsDetailedDescriptionseasonalpurchasesYoushouldbuythingsattheendoftheseason.You'llgetmajordiscounts,andyou'llbestockedupforthenextyear.discountstoresThey'reperfectforbuyingthingslikeT-shirts.AstorebrandStoresoffercurrentstylesthataremuchcheaperthanbig-namebrands.Don'tbuyoutfitsBuyingseparatesismuchmoreaffordable.Wear-with-anythingpiecesYbucanalmostalwayswearapairofblacktrousersandawhitedressskirt;youcanwearthemseveraltimesaweek,pairedwithdifferentaccessories.spendmoneyonaccessoriesExamplesareniceshoesandfashionablebags.SuchextrasmakeeventhesimplestoutfitlookpolishedagreathaircutYoulookmorestylishandfashionablewithanicehaircut.Uint3LefsTalkScriptAnaturaldisasteristheconsequenceofahazardousevent,occurringwhenhumanactivitiesareaffectedbyadversenaturalphenomenasuchasflood,drought,hailstorm,heatwave,forestfore,hurricanesortyphoons,tornado,tsunami,landsidesandmudslides,orvolcaniceruption.Theresultingdeathsorpropertydamagesdependonthehumanabilitytoresistthedisasters.Sometimestwoseeminglydifferentdisastersmayberelatedtoeachother.Forexample,anunderseaearthquakemayresultinatsunami.Whilethereisalongdryspellinonearea,theremaybeagreatfloodinanother.Itisnecessaryforhumanbeingstounderstandandcombatnaturaldisasters.Adroughtisalong-lastingweatherpatternconsistingofdryconditionswithverylittleornoprecipitation.Duringthisperiod,foodandwatersuppliescanrunlow,andothercondition,suchasfamine,canresult.Droughtcanlastforseveralyearsandareparticularlydamaginginareasinwhichtheresidentsdependonagricultureforsurvival.Afloodfollowstoomuchrainorwaterinalocation,andcouldbetheresultofmanydifferentconditions.Floodscanbecausedbyheavyrainfallfromastorm,includingthunderstorms,rapidmeltingofalargeamountsofsnow,orriverswhichswellfrom

toomuchprecipitationupstream,causingwidespreaddamagetoareasdownstream.Anotherpossiblecauseofafloodistheburstingofman-madedams.DescriptionNaturaldisasterAdversenaturalphenomenasuchasflood,drought,hailstorm,heatwave,forestfore,hurricanesortyphoons,tornado,tsunami,landsidesandmudslides,andvolcaniceruption.RelationshipBetweenTwoDisastersTheyarerelatedtoeachother.Anunderseaearthquakemayresultinatsunami.Whilethereisalongdryspellinonearea,theremaybeagreatfloodinanother.DroughtDuringadrought,foodandwatersuppliescanrunlow,andothercondition,suchasfamine,canresult.Droughtareparticularlydamaginginareasinwhichtheresidentsdependonagricultureforsurvival.FloodFloodscanbecausedbylongrainfallfromastorm,includingthunderstorms,rapidmeltingofalargeamountsofsnow,orriverswhichswellfromtoomuchprecipitation upstream, causingwidespreaddamagetoareasdownstream.Anothercauseofafloodistheburstingofman・madedams.Uint4LefsTalkScriptLillian:Mr.Baxter,youhaveworkedinthecompanyforfiveyears,andyoumanageeverythingheresmoothly,likeaclock.Couldyoutellusthesecretofyoursuccessfulcareer?Baxter:Justasthegoldenruleofrealestateislocation,location,location,thegoldenruleofworkisrelationships,relationships,relationships.Unfortunately,manyworkersfocussohardonthejobathandthattheyneverdevelopusefulrelationshipswithpeopleinotherpartsoftheirorganization.Worse,whentheydointeractwithcolleaguesinotherdepartments,theymaynottreatthenwithrespect.Lillian:Couldyougivemoredetails?Baxter:Let'stakeWendyasanexample.Sheswitchedjobsseveralmonthsagointhecompany.Inherfirstposition,asamarketingmanager,shefrequentlyfoundherselfinconflictwiththefinancialdepartmentoverherstaff'sexpenses.Herargumentformorefundsusuallyendedinvain.Theninhernewjobastrainingadministrator,shewantedtolaunchanon-thejobtrainingproject.Sheneededthefinancialdepartmenttosupportherrequestforabudget.Howdidsheconvincethemthistime?Althoughthefinancialdepartment'sofficeswerelocatedinanothercity,Wendydecidedtovisitthemintheirofficesandtrytoestablishcloserrelationships.Shebelievedshemustfirstofallunderstandtheirmissionandtheirowntrainingneeds.Thenshefoundanallyinthecompany'schieffinancialofficer,whosawhowhergroupcouldhelpdevelophisstaff.Sothetwoforgedalong-tern=mallia