新视野(第二版)听说教程(4)-听力原文

新视野大学英语（第二版）听说教程第四册录音文本UnitlWarmingupM:Vbu*retellingmethatyou'dratherbefamousthanberespectedasagoodperson?W:Well,Idon'tknow.It'sjustthatIseeallthesefamouspeopleonTV,and,well,it'shardnottowantthesamethingformyself-attention,lovefrommillionsofpeople...M:Love?Doyouthinkpeopleactuallylovecelebrities?Idon'tthinkso!Thepublicenjoyswatchingfamouspeoplegetintotroubleevenmorethantheylikewatchingthemsucceed.Besides,beingafamouspersonmeansneverhavingtimetoyourself-appearingbeforecrowds,havingpeoplefollowyouaround24-7.Believeme,itisn'tfun.W:Vbutalkasifyouknowsomethingaboutcelebrity.Wereyoueverfamous?M:Vbuknowtheoldsaying,"Everyonehashis15minutesoffame"?Well,Iexpecttohavemy15minutessomeday.ButIdon'texpecttolikeitShortconversationW:Vbudon'treallyseeminterestedinpaintingpictures,sowhydidyouapplytothisartprogram?M:lbbehonestIthoughtthatthroughartIcouldbecomefamous.Prettystupid,huh?Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthisconversation?W:Youhaveeverythingyoueverwanted!Butwhydoyoulooksoblue?M:Ah,man,Idiscoveredthatallthosethings-money,fame,andthelot-areallempty.Andintryingtogetthem,Iignoredmyart.Q:Whyisthemannothappy?W:Hey,Marty.What'sthematter,pal?Whenyoufirststartedwriting,youdidsomuchbetterwork.Areyouboredorsomething?M:Iknowmyworkissuffering,butIdon'tknowthereason.Idon'tseemsointerestedanymore.Maybe,asyousaid,Iambored.Whoknows?Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?W:Isittruewhattheysayaboutthedirector?Doeshereallyworkforartnotforfame?M:ThaVswhatpeoplesay,andfminclinedtobelievethem.Hecertainlyhasn,tsoldouttothecheapfilmcompanies.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?W:What'sontheschedulefortonight'sshow?SomethingI'mlikelytoenjoy?M:Vbumightlikeit-astoryaboutadancerwhosellshissoultobecomefamousandthenloseshisfriends,family,andeverythingimportant.Q:Whatistonight'sshowabout?W:lsn*tthatthemanwhowonanAcademyAwardforhiscartoonartwork?M:What?Thattramp?Hey,youknow,Ithinkyou*reright.Man,whathappenedtohim?Hewasreallyfamous!Q:Whathappenedtotheartistatlast?W:Look!Look!Look!Lookatme,Dad!I'vedoneit!Success,money,popularity...TheworldisatthetipofmyfingersandIfeellikeaqueen!M:Sweetheart,Ithinkyouneedtocooldownabit.Don'tletallofthissuccessgotoyourhead.Q:Whathashappenedtothewoman?W:GetagriponyourselflDon'tyoudarequityourjob!Ybureallythinkyoucansucceedasanactor?Doyoureallythinkyoucanbecomefamous?M:Idon'tthinkIneedtobefamoustosucceed.I'msureIcangetworkasanextraandthenmaybemoveontomoreinterestingroles.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?M:Hey,you!Watchout!Where'syourhead?Walkinginfrontofcarslikethat?W:Huh?Ah!Oh!Sorry,Imean...thanks.Ijustreceivedwordfrommyagentthatmybookistobepublished.Isn'titwonderful?SorryIwasdaydreamingaboutthefametocomeandforgottolookatthetraffic.Q:Whereistheconversationtakingplace?10.W:Thanksforcomingin.Ilovedyourwork,butIwishitlookedmorelikeyourpreviouspieces.M:God!Iknewit!Complaintsfrommyteacher,mymother...evenmydoctor?Andnow,myboss?SinceIbecamefamous,noonewillletmechange!Q:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?LongconversationsM:There'sonlyonethinginlifeworsethanbeingtalkedabout,andthat'snotbeingtalkedabout.W:ThatwassaidbyOscarWilde,wasn'tit?M:That'sright.Vbu'reprettysmart.W:Ihavemymoments.ButI'mafraidthatIwon'trememberanythingelseforyourtesttomorrow.M:Well,let'shavearun-through.FirstwhatcanyourememberaboutWilde?W:Thebasics,obviously-British,19thcenturywriterHewasgay,wasn'the?M:That'sright.Andheactuallywenttojailforit.W:Why?TheremusfvebeenmanygaysinEnglandatthetime.Whywashesingledouttobeputinprison?Or,weretheEnglishthrowingallgaysinjail?M:No,noteveryone.ButthingsweredifferentforWilde.Afamousperson,likehim,isn*tfreetodowhathelikes.Peoplepaidmoreattentiontohisactions.'Therewerereporters,andeverythingthathesaidanddidwaswatchedcarefully.W:Yeah?Itmight'vebeenbetterforhimifhewasn'tfamous.M:Maybe.But,thenagain,ifhewasn'twell-known,wemightnothavehiswonderfulstoriestoday.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?WhatdidOscarWildesay?Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?WhywasOscarWildetreateddifferently?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?PassageVbuyoungpeoplegocrazyoverfamouspeople.WillyoulistentomewhenItellyouyourgenerationiswrongaboutthis?Letmeuseanexampletoillustratemypointtoyou.MarilynMonroe,youmightnotevenknowwhosheis.Backinmyday,whenIwasyourage,shewasabigmoviestar.Butshewasn,tbomamoviestar,nosir.ShewasasimplegirlwithbeautyandinnocenceuntilshewenttoHollywoodtomakemovies.That*sright.Insteadoflivingoutasimplelifeofintegrityandhardworkortryingtodeveloparespectablenameinherprofession,shesoughtfame.Well,DItellyou,shegotherwish.Shemadehermovies-AUAboutEvein1950,GentlemenPreferBlondesin1953,SomeLikeItHotin1959,andmore.Shegotintotroublethroughout-drugs,abuseAllofthiscamecrashingdownonherhead,andshediedatanearlyagein1962.Sad,really.Ihopethatthisexampleshowsyouthedangersoffame.Believeme,it'sbestjusttoliveasimplelife.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?WhatisTRUEaccordingtowhatyouhear?WhydidMonroegotoHollywood?WhenwasSomeLikeItHotmade?Whyisthespeakertellingthisstory?Taskl第12页W:Howimportantarefriendstoyou.Bill?M:ThaVskindofastrangequestionforthissetting,don,tyouthinkso?W:Well,theteacherhasn,tcomeinyet,classhasn,tbegun,andIwasjustwonderingaboutit.Sofwhatdoyouthinkaboutfriends?M:fveneverregardedthemasparticularlyimportant.PerhapsthafsbecauseIcomefromabigfamily-twobrothersandthreesisters,andlotsofcousins.Thafswhafsreallyimportanttome.Whataboutyou,Emma?W:Mysituation,youknow,isdifferent,soIhavedifferentideas,lbmefriendship...havingfriends...peopleIknowIcanreallycounton...tomethafsthemostimportantthinginlife.Ifsmoreimportanteventhanlove.Ifyoulovesomeone,youcanalwaysfalloutofloveagain,andthatcanleadtoalotofhurtfeelingsandbitterness.Butagoodfriendisafriendforlife.M:Inmymind,afriendissomeonewholikesthesamethingsasyoudo,withwhomyoucanarguewithoutlosingyourtemper,evenifyoudon*talwaysagreewithhim.Questions1to5arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Whathasthemanalwaysthought?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutfriends?Whereistheconversationtakingplace?Task2第13页Attheageof41,ClarkGable,oneofHollywood'sbiggestactors,enlistedinthearmy,servinginWorldWarII.Gable'spostwarfilmswere,forthemostpart,disappointing,aswashis1949marriage.Droppedbybothhiswifeandhisstudio,Gableventuredoutasafreelanceactorin1955,quicklybecomingthehighestpaidactorinHollywood.HeagainfoundhappinesswithhisfifthwifeandcontinuedhiscareerinsuchcriticalfailuresasTeacher'sPet,releasedin1958.In1960,Gablewassignedforthe-modem"Western,TheMisfits.Thetroubledandtragichistoryofthisfilmhasbeenwelldocumented,but,despitetheon-settension,Gabletookonthetaskuncomplainingly,goingsofarastoperformseveralgruelingstuntscenesinvolvingwildhorses.Thestrainoffilming,however,coupledwithhisever-robustlifestyle,provedtoomuchfortheactor.ClarkGablesufferedaheartattacktwodaysafterthecompletionofTheMisfitsanddiedin1960attheageof59,justafewmonthsbeforethebirthofhisfirstson.Mostofthenation'snewspapersannouncedthedeathofClarkGablewithafour-wordheadline:"TheKingisDead."Questions1to5arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whatisthispassageabout?WhendidGablebecomeafreelanceactor?WhatcanweknowaboutGablefromthepassage?Whatisdescribedasbeing"tragic"inthepassage?Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Unit2WarmingupM:Ladiesandgentlemen,novelistandpoet,SandraMarie...W:Thankyou,thankyou...M:Thankyouforjoiningus.W:It'sapleasuretobehere.Vbuknow,Iwatchyourshoweveryday.M:Doyoureally?Well,thesedaystherearemanypeoplewatchingyou.W:Yes,I'vegottenalotofattentionlately-that'strue-allbecauseofmylittlebook.M:Oh...don'tbemodest!Yourbookisamazinglybold,oneofthemostoriginalpiecesoffictionrveeverread.W:Originalityisimportant,forsure.Infact,Ithinkitisthemostimportantpartofbeingacreativeperson.Surely,itdoesn'tmakemuchsensetowritesomething,ordosomething,thathasbeendonebeforeoreventhatissimilarinstyletoanythingelsealreadyputoutthere.M:Wellput!Thankyou!SandraMarie...everybody?ShortconversationsW:Idon'tquiteunderstandwhatmadeCharlieChaplinsuchapopularmoviestar.M:Serious?Lookathisworkandcompareittootherfilmsofthetime.Hewassooriginalthatpeoplewerereallysurprisedbyhisfilms.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?W:MydramateachersaidChaplinisanexcellentmodelforayoungactortopatternhimselfon.M:fdbehard-pressedtoarguewiththatTheguywasinnovativeandpossessedsuchacreativemind,\feah.trytobelikehim.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?W:FvegivensomethoughttoenteringpoliticswhenIgetolder-youknow,maybeworkingbehindthescenestohelpsomeonegetapositioningovernment.M:Whynotrunforofficeyourself?Areyouafraidofstandingoutasafemalepolitician?Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?W:Iadmireher,notbecauseshe*sawomaninthetough,maleworldofinternationalpolitics,butbecauseshe,ssohonest.M:Yeah,Ifeelthesameway.Certainly,therearerftmanypeopleastruetotheirwordassheis.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthepolitician?W:Ybuknow,ourfamilyisreallyspecial.Manyofourancestorsarerememberedasgreatinventorsandscientistswhocontributednewideastosociety.M:Yes,that'swhatFvealsoheardfromUncleMarty.Hesaidourfamilytreewasfullofgeniuses.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?6.W:DidyouseewhatImade?It'salightbulbthat'llneverbumout.M:That'samazing!Athinglikethatcouldmakeyoufamous.Youshouldcontactapatentofficeassoonaspossibleandregisteraclaim!Q:Whatwillmakethewomanfamous?W:Nomatterwhatapersonsaysaboutme,noonecansaythatI'mnotoriginal.M:Forsure,that'sonecriticismthatnoonewillhityouwith.Yourartworkisdefinitelyunique.AndIthinkthat'sreallyimportant.Q:Accordingtotheman,whatshouldbevaluedaboveallelse?W:Whatdoyouthink?Isitdangeroustobeunlikeotherpeoplesometimes?M:Nah.Ithinkit'smoredangeroustobesimilartoothers-that'swhenyouruntheriskofbecominginsignificantandforgotten.Q:Accordingtotheman,whatisdangerous?M:IsupposeIcould'vebeensuccessfulbybeinglikeotherpeople,butIfeltthatIshouldexpressmyownoriginalideas.AndIthinkthisisalessonyoushouldlearn.W:Masaysthesamethingabouthersuccess.Iguessthinkingthesameaboutthatiswhatfirstbroughtyoutwotogether?

W:Tmnotsayingthatyourworkispoor,justthatitlacksimagination.Vbuhaven'tdoneanythingtosetyourselfapartfromyourclassmates.M:Ifmyassignmentslooksomuchlikeothers,whydoyougivemelowergradesthanyougivethem?Q:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?LongconversationsM:Lookatyou,alldressedupinabowlerhat,lookingalldapperlikeCharlieChaplin.It'snotHalloween,though.Areyougoingtoleavethehouselookinglikethat?W:WouldyoubelievethatTmgoingtoaparty?M:Iftherewasapartytonight,Iwould'veheardaboutitbynow.Sowhat'sthedeal?W:I'mauditioningforafilm.Ithought,well,thislookworkedwellforChaplin.M:Soyouthoughtit'dworkforyou.Idon'tthinkmuchofthatidea.W:Whynot?ChaplingotalotofsuccessbecauseofhisLittleTrampcostume.AndI'vecopieditexactly.M:Chaplindidverywell-butthat'sbecausethelookwasoriginal.Hedidn'tcopyanyoneinHollywood.W:Butlook,Tmawoman,awomandressedlikeChaplin.That'soriginal,isn'tit?M:I'mafraidnot.TmprettysurethatFveseenotherwomendothesamething.IfyoureallywanttosucceedlikeChaplindid,youshoulddowhathedid.Trytoinventanddevelopsomethingpeoplehaven'tseenbefore.W:Iguessyou'reright.Filgobackuptomyroomandchange.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?WhyisthewomandressedlikeChaplin?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?BesidesHbeoriginal",whatadvicedoesthemanhaveforthewoman?Whereistheconversationtakingplace?PassageSomepeoplestandoutastrulyspecialandoneofakind.CharlieChaplin,asuperstarofsilentcomediesandoneofthegreaticonsofthe20th-centuryfilm,isoneofthoseuniquepeople.Chaplinhadarottenchildhoodandanearlystartonstage,performingevenasachildinvaudeville.HewenttoHollywoodin1914andbeganactinginsilentcomedies.By1915,hecontrolledmostaspectsofhisfilms,inwhichheusuallyappearedasacharactercalledsimplythe"LittleTramp":alovablyshabbydreamerwithabushymoustache,bowlerhatandcane.ChaplinwasoneofthefoundersofUnitedArtistsStudiosandwasoneofthefirstmoviemakerstohavecompletecontroloverhisfeatures.Hisbest-knownfilmsinclude1925'sTheGoldRush,1931'sCityLights,and1936'sModemTimes.Famouslyoutspokenandsympathetictocommunism,ChaplinlefttheUnitedStatesin1952becauseofincreasedpoliticalpressure.HesettledinSwitzerland,whereheandhiswifeOonaraisedeightchildren,includingactressGeraldineChaplin.In1972hereturnedtotheUnitedStatestoacceptaspecialOscar,andin1975,hewasknightedbyQueenElizabethII.Whatisthispassageabout?WhatdidChaplindowhenhewenttoHollywood?Whatdidthe"LittleTramp"looklike?Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?WhendidtheQueenmakeChaplinaknight?HomeworkTaskl第29页W:MyfriendshavecomparedmyfilmtothebestofOrsonWelles'works.Howcanyoucriticizeit?M:You...Welles?I,well,um,Iappreciateyourconfidenceinyourself.ButyoudoknowwhoWelleswas,right?W:Nah.Idon'twatchfilmsbyBritishdirectors.M:Ybureallydon'tknowwhoWelleswasatall!WelleswasAmerican!Doyouevenpayattentiontomylectures?W:Idon'tlistentopeopletalkaboutfilms;Imakefilms.Tmadoer.M:Vbureallyhavetopayattentionfromnowon.Wellesfirstbecamefamousontheradio,especiallyforhisreadingofWaroftheWorldsin1938.Threeyearslater,hemadehisfirstmovie,CitizenKane,in1941.OtherfilmsofhisincludeTheMagnificentAmbersonsin1942andTheLadyFromShanghaiin1948.PeopleconsiderKanetobehisbestfilm.W:Thatmustbetheonethatlookslikemyfilm.M:Peopleconsideritnotonlyhisbestfilm,butthebestfilminmoviehistory.Doyoureallythinkyourfilmisthatgood?W:Mymomseemstothinkso.Questions1to5arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whydoesn'tthewomanlistentothemanmore?WhenwasCitizenKanemade?Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Task2第30页WhenElvisPresleydiedonAugust16,1977,radioandtelevisionprogramsallovertheworldwereinterruptedtogivethenewsofhisdeath.PresidentCarterwasaskedtodeclareadayofnationalmourning.Eightythousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.Inthesummerof1953Elvispaidfourdollarsandrecordedtwosongsforhismother'sbirthdayatSamPhillips'SunRecordsStudio.SamPhillipsheardElvisandaskedhimtorecord"That'sAllRight"inJuly,1954.Twentythousandcopiesweresold,mainlyinandaroundMemphis.OnJanuary10,1956,Elvisrecorded"HeartbreakHotel",andamillioncopiesweresold.Inthenextfourteenmonthshemadeanotherfourteenrecords,andtheywereallbighits.In1956healsomadehisfirstfilminHollywood.In1972hiswifelefthim,andtheyweredivorcedinOctober,1973.Elvisdiedfromaheartattackin1977.Hehadbeenabusinghisbodyforseveralyearsbyeatinganddrinkingtoomuchandtakingacocktailofmedicinesandpossiblydrugs.Heleftallhismoneytohisonlydaughter,LisaMariePresley.Shebecameoneoftherichestpeopleintheworldwhenshewasonlynineyearsold.Questions1to5arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?Whywerenewsprogramsinterrupted?Whenwas"HeartbreakHotel"recorded?WhydidElvisPresleydie?lbwhomdidElvisgivehismoney?Unti3WarmingupCompletelyblindinoneeye,75%lossofvisionintheother,Icanonlysee10yardsaheadofme,andeventhat,notwell.Cmoldandpoor.MyhealthisfailingandIamwrackedbypaininmyjointssothateverymovementistorture.Iftherewereagodofmercy,Iwouldbedeadandburied,freeofmypain.Butno,Ilivestillandmypainisyetwithoutend.HowcouldhellbeworsethanwhatIfacenow?Withmypoorvision,Iseepeople,happypeople,withmoney,strength,andhealth.Sooften,theydonotevenrealizetheirfortune.Neitherdotheyunderstandthattheirveryexistencemakesmyexistenceevenmoreunbearable.ForIwatchthem,andwatchingthemincreasesmymisery.HowIwishIwereoneofthem;howIwishIwereoneoftheluckyones.Shortconversationi.lW:Ithinkit'sgreatthatthegovernmentisgivingyoumoneyduringthishardtime,butshouldrftyoudosomethingyourselftogetonyourfeet?M:What?YbuthinkFmlazy?HItellyouhowhardFmtryingtofindajobQ:Whatdoweknowfromthisconversation?

M:Accordingtotheserules,youcangetmorewelfaremoneyifyouhavechildren.W:SureIcould.Buthavingchildrenwouldalsocostalotofmoney-soIdon'tseewelfarebenefitsasanincentivetogivingbirth.Besides,Tmhappierbymyself.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?3.1W:Trueenough,themanisblind.Butyou'vegottoadmirewhathe'sdone-startedhisowncompanyandbecomerich.M:Hereallyhasdonealot.Ontopofallthat,he'sareallyniceperson.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout? 1 4.W:HiHoney.Cmsorry,Fvesomereallybadnewstotellyou.Fmafraid.Managementhavemadecuts,andFvelostmyjob.M:Oh,ohdear!That'sterrible.But-youdidn'tlikethatjobverymuchanyway.Maybethisisagoodchancetofindsomethingnew.Don'tgetdown;thinkpositive!Q:Whatdoesthemanthink?W:Iwassureyourpatientwouldbedevastatedwhenhewastoldthathewoulddiewithinamonth.Fmreallysurprised.M:Maybeithasn'thithimyet.Whenhehastimetothinkaboutit,he'llprobablybreakdown.Butfornow,yeah,heseemstohavetakenitverywell-he'sverybrave.|Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?W:Hey,Ijustnoticedsomething.Theplayer,thatonerightthereinthemiddleofthefield,he'smissingahand.M:Ittookyoulongenoughtonotice.Yeah,he'soneofthetopplayersintheleague.Andlook,heisn'ttheonlyone.Thatoneoverthereisalsomissingahand.IQ:Whatarethespeakersdoing?W:Thisdivorceisreallygettingmedown.AllIthinkaboutthesedaysishowtoenditall.Ijustfeellikedying.IQ:AccordingtotheIQ:Accordingtotheman,whatshouldthewomando?8.1W:Ihopeyoudon'tmindmeasking-butwhat'sitliketonotbeabletosee?Iimagineit'sterrible.M:Actually,Fvebeenblindsincebirth,soIdon'treallyknowwhatFmmissing.And,youknow,itreallyisn'tsobad.Thisisjustnormallifetome.manfeelbad?M:Giveittomestraight,doctor.WhatamIgoingtohavetotellmymomanddadaboutmycondition?W:IwishIhadbetternewsforyou.Unfortunately,theoperationdidn'tworkaswellaswe'dhoped.Itdoesn'tlookasifwecansaveyourlegs.LetmecallyourparentsinsowecanIQ:Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?10.W:Maryisn'tcompletelyblind,just70%.Soshecansee30%ofwhatyouandIcan,andmuchmorethanpoorGeorge.M:Yeah.George,hecanonlyseeabout5%ofwhatwecansee.Ican'timaginewhatitmustbelikeforhim.Q:HowblindisGeorge?LongconversationM:There'sacheckinyourmailboxfromthegovernment.Italmostlookslikeabenefitcheck.W:That'sbecauseitisabenefitcheck.I'vebeengettingbenefitsfromthegovernmentforthelast20orsoyearsonaccountofmycondition.M:Condition?Ididn'tknowanythingwaswrongwithyou.W:Ybu'rekidding,right?We'vebeenfriendsfor30years,andyoudidn'tknowmycondition?M:Isitthatyouhaven'thadajobforthelast25years?W:Ihaven'thadajobin40years,mywholelife-becauseI'mblind!M:Vbu'reblind?Vbunevertoldmethis!W:Ishouldn'thavetotellyou.Youshouldbesmartenoughtoknow!WhydoyouthinkIhaveadogleadingmearoundallthetime?M:Vbu'reananimallover?W:Ugh!WhydoyouthinkIwearsunglassesallthetime?M:Ithoughtyouwerejustbeingcool.|l.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Howlonghavethespeakersbeenfriends?Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?Whatshouldbeaclearhintofthewoman'scondition?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Passage

Whattodoaboutthepoorandneedyisaconcernofeverygovernment.TheU.S.isnotexemptfromthisconcern,butcareforitspoorhaschangedovertime.UntiltheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,stateandlocalgovernmentsinAmericaboresomeresponsibilityforprovidingassistancetothepoor.However,suchassistancewasminimalatbest.TheNewDealpoliciesofPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltincludednewfederalinitiativestohelpthoseinpoverty.Withmillionsofpeopleunemployedduringthe1930seconomicdepression,welfareassistancewasbeyondthefinancialresourcesofthestates.Therefore,thefederalgovernmentprovidedfundsformaintainingaminimumstandardofliving,eitherdirectlytorecipientsortothestates.Between1935and1996,federalprogramswereestablishedthatprovidedadditionalwelfarebenefits,includingmedicalcare,publichousing,andfoodstamps.Bythe1960s,however,criticismbegantogrowthattheseprogramsdiscouragedpeoplefromfindingemployment.Evendefendersofpublicwelfarebenefitsacknowledgedthatthesystemwasimperfectnotingthefinancialdisincentivesassociatedwithtakingalow-payingjobandlosingthearrayofbenefits,especiallymedicalcare.Whatisthepassageabout?Whatmustallgovernmentsworryabout?Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?WhendidthefederalgovernmentbeginaddingtotheNewDealbenefits?Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?HomeworkTasklM:Hey.Somethingisdifferentaboutyoutoday?Whatisit?W:Ybu'venoticedmynewhaircut?M:No.It'ssomethingelse.Now,whatisit?W:Mydog?M:That'sit!Ybudon'thaveyourdogwithyoutoday.Whereishe?W:He'sbeenactingstrangelylately,soIsenthimbacktothedogtrainingschool.M:Ididn'tknowthathewaseverinschool.W:Ofcoursehehasbeentoschool.He'smyeyes,youknow.Hehadtobetaughthowtohelpmefindmyway.M:Willyoubeabletofindyourwaytoclasstodaywithouthim?W:Yeah.Mysisterisjustovertherepayingforsomeshopping.Fmjustwaitingforher.Whenshegetsback,wemightgotoanotherstoreandshe'llhelpmetotheclassroom.She'sabighelp,butIreallymissmydog.M:OK,then.Filseeyoulater.Don'tforget,todayisthedayofthetest.W:Iwon't!Ispenthalfoflastnightdoinghomeworkinpreparationforit.

Questions1to5arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whohasbeenactingstrangelylately?Whatisthewoman'ssisterdoingduringtheconversation?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whereistheconversationtakingplace?Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Task2Ifyou'retryingtoreachacompromise,agoodfirststepistodefineyourgoalandencouragetheotherpersontodothesame.Thenshareanyinformationthatmighthelpyoutoreachacompromise.Agoodsecondstepistolistencarefullytotheotherperson'spointofview.Don'tinterrupt.Don'tagreeordisagree.Thiswillnotonlyensurethatyouunderstandherpointofview,butwillalsodemonstratethatyou'rewillingtolistentowhatshehastosay.Next,putasideanypreconceivednotionsyouhaveaboutthe"right"waytoaccomplishyourgoals.Thenforceyourselftothinkofatleastoneotherwaytoaccomplishthemthatincorporatesbothyourideas.Don'tthinkvertically,inotherwords,one-up-one-down,orrm-right-you're-wrong.Thinklaterally,instead-placeherideaandyoursonastraightline,sidebyside,andaddmoreideasassheandyoucomeupwiththem.Vbu'llendupwithTWOgoodideasinthepot-yoursandyourco-worker's.Andwhentworeasonablepeoplearewillingtocompromise,they'relikelytocomeupwithathirdwayofaccomplishinggoals-onethatsatisfiesboth.Questions1to5arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whatisthispassageabout?Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatshouldbeputaside?Whatdoesverticalthinkinginvolve?Whatwillbeachievedintheend?Unit4WarmingupLadiesandgentlemen,theplanningcommitteeforthe5thAnnualCommunicationsTechnologyFairwelcomesyou.Wehopeyouwillfindmuchtointerestandinformyouandthatyouwillalsoenjoyyourselves.First,letmeintroducesomeoftheproductsandcompaniesthatwethinkwillbeofparticularinteresttoyou.Intheareaofmediatechnology,theelectronicnewspaperissettochangeourlives.TheXerox'sPaloAltoResearchCenterhasaremarkablenewproductwhichtheirrepresentativesarekeentotalkaboutlaterthismorning.TheworldofentertainmenthasbenefitedbythepresenceinthemarketplaceofVerizon,acompanythatisbringingtogethertheInternetandtelevision.Also,wehaveavailableteamsofpeoplefromAmazonwhocanshowyouhowtousetheirPayPal,aWebpaymentprocessingservice.TheInternethasmanynewinnovationsandopportunitiestoofferallofus.Wehopethisfair