美国文选作家介绍课件

NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)NovelistShortStoryWriterOneoftheCentralFiguresofAmericanRenaissance(1830-1860)MajorWorksNovels1828:

Fanshawe

范肖1850:

TheScarletLetter红字1851:

TheHouseoftheSevenGables带七个尖角阁的房子1852:

TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇1860:

TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像ShortStories1837:

Twice-ToldTales故事重述1846:

MossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔YoungGoodmanBrown

好小伙子布朗TheMinister’sBlackVeil

教长的黑面纱Biography1852:

TheLifeofFranklinPierce富兰克林·皮尔斯传Hawthorne'sAestheticThinking(1)Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.Tohimthesefurnishthesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition.(2)HewasconvincedthatromancewasthepredestinedformofAmericannarrative.Totellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottooffend:ThatwaswhatHawthornehadinmindtoachieve.AboutTheScarletLetterTheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth,ascholar.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalMinsterDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherlover’snameawaytoprotecthim.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,asthestorygoing,HesterandDimmesdalebecamesympatheticfigures,whileChillinggworthwasadevilatlast.

红字简介《红字》讲了一个美国清教女人的故事，海斯特·白兰。她因为通奸而被惩罚佩戴一个猩红的A字，A字是通奸单词adultery的首字母。这个年轻漂亮的女人是和她又老又丑的丈夫齐灵渥斯打算在波斯顿定居，但是她丈夫却几年都未曾出现。在这期间，海斯特和当地的牧师戴美斯戴尔通奸并生下了一个女儿珠儿。为了保护她的情人，海斯特独自接受惩罚也不肯透露他的名字。但是几年后，她的丈夫来到了这个小镇并且发现整个事实，找出了那个情人，于是他展开了恐怖的复仇计划。然而随着故事的发展，海斯特和戴美斯戴尔成了受人同情的角色，而齐灵渥斯最终成了一个恶魔。

Symbolizations1.ThesymbolicmeaningsofthescarletLetter

A2.ThesymbolicmeaningsofnamesofcharactersandthesymbolicmeaningsofthecharactersAdultery通奸Adam亚当America政教合一时代的美国Able能干Angel/Angelic天使Amicable和睦友好的女人

Influence

OneofthemostfamousAmericannovelistsThemostfamousAmericanromanticnovelistin19centuryHisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecifically,darkromanticism（黑色浪漫主义).NathanielHawthorneisamasterofsymbolismTheScarletLetter:thefirstsymbolicnoveltobewrittenintheUnitedStatesOnefamoussymbolismnovelistThefounderofAmericanpsychologicalnovelistHisworksremainnotablefortheirtreatmentofguiltandthecomplexitiesofmoralchoices.HermanMelville(1819~1891)Melvillewasbornin1819toastatusandprosperitythatabruptlyvanishedwhenhisfatherfailedinbusiness.AllanMelvillediedinsane,leavinghiswifetoraiseeightchildrenonthescantfundswealthyrelativeswouldspare.Hisexperienceandadventureontheseafurnishedhimwithabundantmaterialforfiction.Melvillehadtodohackworkforthemoneyheneededtokeephiswifeinherextravagantstyle.MelvillesawinHawthornetheoneAmericanwhowasexpressivelyawareoftheevilatthecoreofAmericanlife.HefoundHawthorne'sunderstandingofevil,thatblacknessofvision,unusuallyfascinating.Redburn《莱德伯恩》Typee《泰比》Omoo《奥姆》MobyDick《白鲸》Mardi《玛地》WhiteJacket《白外套》Pierre《皮埃尔》BillyBudd《比利巴德》TheConfidenceMan《骗子》Clarel

《克拉勒尔》Masterpieces

MobyDick(1851)

HermanMelville

MobyDickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.

EvaluationMobyDickis,criticshaveagreed,oneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.Togettoknowthe19thcenturyAmericanmindandAmericaitself,onehastoreadthisbook.Itisanencyclopediaofeverything,history,philosophy,religion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.“Toscalegreatheights,wemustcomeoutofthelowestdepths.Thewaytoheavenisthroughhell.Weneedfierybaptism（洗礼）inthefierceflamesofourbosoms（内心）.”

（欲攀登高峰，必先脱离深渊；欲登天堂，必先途经地狱。我们需要经受发生在内心的熊熊烈火的洗礼。）

Summary:ThisworkisMelville'smasterpiece,whichistheepicstoryofthewhalingshipPequodandits"ungodly,god-likeman,"CaptainAhab,whoseobsessivequestforthewhitewhaleMoby-Dickleadstheshipanditsmentodestruction.

ThemesA.OneofthemajorthemesinMelvilleisalienation（错乱间离）,whichhesensedexistinginthelifeofhistimeondifferentlevels,betweenmanandman,manandsociety,andmanandnature.

ThemesB.criticismagainstEmersonian（爱默生式的）self-reliantindividual:Ahabistoomuchofaself-reliantindividualtobeagoodhumanbeing.Hestandsaloneonhisownonelegamongthemillionsofthepeopledearth.Forhimtheonlylawishisownwill.Tohimtheworldexistsforhisownsake.Hisselfhoodmustbeassertedattheexpenseofallelse.Thewhale,MobyDickThewhale,MobyDick,symbolizesnatureforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable（深不可测的）,malignant（恶意的）,andbeautifulaswell.ForthecharacterAhab,however,thewhalerepresentsonlyevil.MobyDickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.AhabwillsthewholecrewonthePequodtojoinhiminthepursuitofthebigwhalesoastopierce（穿透)thewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisownconsumingdesire,hismadness.ThewhitenessofMobyDickisaparadoxical(矛盾）color,signifyingdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,innocenceandyouth;itrepresentsthefinalmysteryoftheuniverse.

Fortheauthor,aswellasforthereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse,inscrutable（神秘的）andambivalent（矛盾的）,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth

HowdoesCaptainAhabshowhishate?