最新高中语法知识点虚拟语气

虚拟语气1.概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2.在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生.

句型：条件从句+主句

一般现在时+shall/will+动词原形

Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.

典型例题

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1〕在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.

(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.

(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.

2〕表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句

时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的根本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句+主句

一般过去时+should(would)+动词原形

Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句+主句

过去完成时+should(would)have+过去分词

Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.

Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.

IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.

含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.

含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.

c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句+主句

条件从句主句

一般过去时should+动词原形

were+不定式would+动词原形

should+动词原形

Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.

〔从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。〕

Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句局部如果含有were、should、或had可将if省略，再把were、should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be〞的过去时态一律用“were〞，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。

Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI

答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were、should、had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo，而不能说Weren'tItodo.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_____ittoyounow.

A.willshowB.wouldshow

C.amgoingtoshowD.amshowing

2."Itlooksasifheweredrunk.""Soitdoes._____."

A.He'dbettergiveupdrinking

B.Heshouldn'thavedrunksomuch

C.Healthismoreimportantthandrink

D.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso

3."Marylookshotanddry.""So_____youifyouhadsohighafever."

A.doB.areC.willD.would

4."Hewillcometomorrow.""ButI'dratherhe_____thedayaftertomorrow."

A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome

〔1〕"ShallIcometomorrow?""I'dratheryou______."

A.won'tB.didn'tC.don'tD.wouldn't

〔2〕"I'vetoldhimaboutit.""ButI'dratheryou______."

A.didn'tB.hadn'tC.don'tD.wouldn't

〔3〕"Hewilltakeyouaswell.""ButI'dratherhe______."

A.won'tB.didn'tC.doesn'tD.wouldn't5.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe____atonce.

A.shouldbe;beoperatedon

B.were;mustbeoperatedon

C.was;shouldbeoperated

D.was;beoperatedon

〔1〕Thepatientinsistedthathe_______illand_______tothehospital.

A.wasn't,wasn'tsentB.wasn't,shouldn'tbesent

C.shouldn'tbe,wasn'tsentD.shouldn'tbe,shouldn'tbesent

〔2〕Themaninprisoninsistedthathe_______nothingwrongand_______setfree.

A.shoulddo,shouldbeB.haddone,shouldbe

C.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen

〔3〕Iadvisedthathe______tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe______quitewellthen.

A.wassent;feltB.besent;wasfeeling

C.hesent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel6.______smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.

A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveupD.Ifhegaveup解析：【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=ifIdidn'tforgetwhereIreadthearticle〔要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了〕。2、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中drunk一词的影响。

【分析】最正确答案为D.关键信息是Itlooksasifheweredrunk中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，"他喝醉了"不是事实，只是他的言行好似是醉了，所以此题的最正确答案是D.3、【陷阱】容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

【分析】此题最正确答案为D.分析如下：

〔1〕"so+助动词+主语"是一个很有用的结构，它表示"......也一样"时。如：

HelikestowatchTV,andsodoI.他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

Whenanimalsandplantsdisappear,sowillman.当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

〔2〕由于空格后的if条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气〔这是很重要的信息〕，所以主句要用would而不用will，即答案应选D.

4、【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的Hewillcometomorrow以及下文的时间状语thedayaftertomorrow似乎都说明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最正确答案是C.按照英语习惯，wouldrather后接that从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I'dratheryouleftrightnow.我宁愿你现在就离开。

Iwouldmuchratheritwasforgotten.我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I'dratherhehadn'ttoldmeaboutit.我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

〔1、2、3、4答案均为B〕：

5、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最正确答案选C.insist后的从句谓语有时用"should+动词原形"这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，假设该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，那么用虚拟语气；假设该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，那么要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选C最适宜。以下类似试题答案选B

6、【陷阱】容易误选D.

【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是wouldnothavegot，这说明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是hadgivenup，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had,should,were等词时，通常可以省略if，并将had,should,were提前置于句首。when,if,unless等引导的从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一局部(特别是动词be)省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Ifnecessary,I’llhavetheletterduplicated.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.than或者as引导的状语从句中Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.虚拟语气的几点补充：类似if引导的虚拟条件句Wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly+主语+过去式〔对现在情况虚拟〕过去完成时〔对过去情况虚拟〕(haddone)Itis(high)time(that)+主语+过去式表示应该做某事了动词接should型的虚拟从句，shoulddo，should可以省略“一、二、三、四〞口诀一个坚持——insist两个命令——order，command三个要求——demand，required，request四个建议——suggest，advise，recommend，propose[例]：Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschool.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallowTheguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules.A.obeysB.wouldobeyC.willobeyD.obeyJane’spalefacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparentssuggestedthatsheamedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has1.TheBennets'newneighbourItisatruthwellknowntoalltheworldthatanunmarriedmaninpossessionofinpossessionof拥有、占有eg:Heisinpossessionofalargeestateinthecountry.他在乡下拥有一大块地产。alargefortunefortune财富；运气

eg:Fortunesmilesuponthebraveandinpossessionof拥有、占有eg:Heisinpossessionofalargeestateinthecountry.他在乡下拥有一大块地产。fortune财富；运气

eg:Fortunesmilesuponthebraveandfrownsuponthecoward.财富总是对勇敢的人微笑，对懦弱的人皱眉头。MydearMrBennet,'saidMrsBennettoherhusbandoneday,'haveyouheardthatsomeoneisgoingtorentNetherfieldParkatlast?''No,MrsBennet,Ihaven't.'saidherhusband.'Don'tyouwanttoknowwhoisrentingit?'criedMrsBennetimpatiently.'Youwanttotellme,andIdon'tmindlistening.'MrsBennetneedednofurtherencouragement.'Well,mydear,Ihearthathe'saveryrichyoungmanfromthenorthofEngland.ItseemshecametoseeNetherfieldonMondayandwassodelightedwithitthathearrangedtorentitatonce.Ofcourse,itisthefinesthouseinthearea,withthelargestgardens.Hisservantswillbeherebytheendoftheweek,andhewillbearrivingsoonafterwards!Afterlisteningtotheirpraiseoftheofficersonemorning,MrBennetsaidcoolly,'FromwhatIcansee,youmustbetwoofthesilliestgirlsinthecountry.I'vesuspecteditforsometime,butnowI'mconvinced.'Kittywasembarrassedanddidnotreply,butLydia,theyoungest,continuedtoexpressheradmirationforacertainCaptainCarter,withperfectindifference.silly'Thatistheonlypoint,Ithink,onwhichwedonotagree.IamafraidImustsaythatIconsiderourtwoyoungestdaughtersunusuallyfoolish.''MydearMrBennet,youmustn'texpectsuchyounggirlstohavethecommonsenseoftheirfatherormother.IrememberwhenIusedtolikearedcoatmyself,andindeedIstilldo.Ifagood-looki