2019年12月英语六级真题及答案完整版

2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）PartⅠ(30minutes)WritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofcommunityresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.【参考范文】Thereisnodoubtthatcommunityresponsibilityplaysanindispensableroleinpersonaldevelopment,forinstance,intheworkplace.Thereareseveralfactorsaccountingforthisperspectiveandthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Firstandforemost,astrongsenseofcommunityresponsibilityishelpfultodevelopharmoniousinterpersonalrelationships.Asweallknow,weareverylikelytospendmoretimewithourcolleaguesthanourfamiliesafterenteringtheworkplace.Therefore,thesoundworkingatmosphereandinterpersonalrelationshipsamongemployeesarecrucialtobothphysicalandmentalpleasure.Inaddition,communityresponsibilitycanimproveefficiency.Inthefast-pacedmodernsociety,timeismoneyandefficiencyholdsthekeytosavingtime.Asthesayinggoes,twoheadsarebetterthanone.Sogreatimportanceshouldbeattachedtothecultivationofthesenseofcommunityresponsibilityandwewilleventuallybenefitfromit.Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthatthesenseofcommunityresponsibilityisakindofgoodpersonalquality,whichdeservesourattention.【参考译文】毫无疑问，集体责任在个人发展中起着不可或缺的作用，例如在工作场所。支持这一观点的原因有很多，但以下原因是最典型的。首先，强烈的社区责任感有助于培养和谐的人际关系。我们都知道，进入职场后，与同事相处的时间很可能比与家人相处的时间更多。因此，良好的工作氛围和员工之间的人际关系对大家的身心愉悦至关重要。此外，集体责任意识可以提高效率。在快节奏的现代社会，时间就是金钱，而效率是节约时间的关键。俗话说，三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。因此，我们应该高度重视集体责任感的培养，而且我们自己将最终会从中受益。综上所述，我们可以得出结论，集体责任感是一种良好的个人品质，值得我们的关注。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionslto4arebasedontheconversationsyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.B)Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.C)IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.D)Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.2.A)Itoriginatedwithcowboys.B)Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.C)Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.D)Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.3.A)Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.B)Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.C)Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.D)Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.4.A)Learntoplaythem.B)Takemusiclessons.C)Listentothemyourself.D)Consuljazzmusicians.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationsyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shepaidhermortgage.B)Shecalledontheman.C)Shemadeabusinessplan.D)Shewenttothebank.6.A)Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.B)Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.C)Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.D)Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.7.A)Payadebtlongoverdue.B)Buyapieceofproperty.C)Startherownbusiness.D)Checkhercredithistory.8.A)Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.B)Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.C)Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.D)Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.B)Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.C)Itissmallandunconventional.D)Itisfertileandproductive.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.B)Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.C)Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.D)TheirwishtosetanewfarmingstandardItsavesalotofelectricity.B)Itneedslittlemaintenance.C)Itcauseshardlyanypollution.D)Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.B)IthasstartedonexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.C)Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.D)IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.Itwasreallyunforgettable.B)Itwasapleasantsurprise.C)Ithurthisthroatslightly.D)Itmadehimfeelstrange.Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.B)Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.C)Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.D)Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B)Itisapromisingindustry.CItrequiresnewtechnology.D)Itsaveshugeamountsoflabour.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingwillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.B)Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.C)Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.D)Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.17.A)Itwasdefective.B)Itwasmisguided.C)Itwasoriginalindesign.D)Itwasthought-provoking.18.A)Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.B)Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.C)Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.D)Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.B)Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.C)Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.D)Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.20.A)Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.B)Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.C)Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.D)Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.21.A)Lossofworkers’personaldignity.B)Deprivationofworkers’creativity.C)Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.D)Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.B)ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.C)IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.D)IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.23.A)Thecity’sairportsareoutdated.B)Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.C)Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.D)Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.24.A)Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.B)Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.C)Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.D)Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.25.A)TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.B)Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.C)Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.D)Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying—firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcar,andnowyoucantellyourkitchenapplianceswhattodo.Butevenwithoutgadgetsthatunderstandourspokencommands,researchsuggeststhat,asbizarreasitsounds,undercertain26,peopleregularlyascribehumantraitstoeverydayobjects.Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare27.Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattribute28tovariousgadgets.Inturn,feelingclosetoobjectscan29loneliness.Whencollegestudentswereremindedofatimetheyhadbeen30inasocialsetting,theycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheirnumberoffriends—unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcausedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhumanqualities.Accordingtotheresearchers,theparticipants'phones31substitutedforrealfriends.Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinanefforttounderstandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondentsyelledattheircomputer.Further,themoretheircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelytherespondentsweretoreportthatithaditsown“beliefsand32.”SohowdopeopleassigntraitstoanobjectInpart,werelyonlooks.Onhumans,widefacesare33withdominance.Similarly,peopleratedcars,clocks,andwatcheswithwidefacesasmoredominant-lookingthannarrow-facedones,andpreferredthem—especiallyin34situations.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgills(护栅)thatwereupturnedlikesmilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis35asincreasingacar'sfriendliness.A)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantI)desiresJ)excludedK)featureD)associatedL)lonelyE)circumstancesF)competitiveG)concededM)separateN)spectacularlyO)warrantH)consciousness【参考答案】26-30ELIAJ31-35BHDFKSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.[A]Thoughhedidn’tcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoungageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheideaoflivingofftheland.ReadingmagazineslikeTheStockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,hegothookedontheideaofgrass-fedagriculture.TheideathatallenergyandwealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhimHethoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandtheendproduct,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.[B]Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In2009,heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHillCreamery,anorganic,allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyinnorthernNewYork.Hequicklylearnedwhatthemarkethasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fedproductscurrentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoyinga25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurtandkefir(发酵乳饮品)ontheotherhand,haveinthelastyearincreasedbyover38%.Thisisincomparisonwithadropofjustunder1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarketaccordingtonaturalandorganicmarketresearchcompanySPINS.Joseph’stopprioritybecamegettinghishandsonenoughgrass-fedmilktokeepcustomerssatisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasn’tgoingtosuffice[C]HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllisAmburgh,ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.TheAmburghs,too,weretruebelieversingrass-fed.Inadditiontosupplyingmilkfromtheirown85-headherd,theybegantohelpotherfarmersintheareaconventfromconventionaltocertifiedorganicandgrass-fedinordertoentertheMapleHillsupplychain.Since2010,thecouplehashelped125smalldairyfarmsconverttograss-fed,withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscomingonboardduringthelasttwoyears.[D]AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow40-50%everyyearsinceitbeganwithnoendinsight.Josephhaslearnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertainmindsettosuccessfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-mindeddairypeopleisactuallynotthathard,whenyoulookattheeconomics.Grass-fedmilkcanfetchuptotimesthepriceofconventionalmilk.Anotherfactoristhesqueezethatconventionaldairyfarmershavefeltasthepriceofgraintheyfeedtheircowshasgoneup,tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacingexpensivegrainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsinthepriceoffeed.Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalsongrassesgrownfromthepastureland’snaturalseedbunk,andfertilizedbythecows’ownfertilizer[E]Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazingalsopointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealthbenefits:Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutofconfinement.Grazingherdsstimulatemicrobial(微生物的)activityinthesoil,helpingtocapturewaterandseparatecarbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeathavebeenshowntobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthyfats.[F]Inthegrassfedsystem,farmersarealsonotsubjecttothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesoftheinternationalcommoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityofglobaldemandandthelag-timeittakestoaddmorecowstoaherdtomeetdemandcanresultineventsliketherecentcheesesurplus.Goinggrass-fedisasaferefuge,awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.Usuallyafarmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,whatthey’redoingisnotworking.That’swhentheycallMapleHill.Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,andthedesiretoconvertissincere,arelationshipcanbegin.Throughregularregionaleducationalmeetings,alargeannualmeeting,individualfarmvisitsandthousandsofphonecalls,theAmburghspassontheprinciplesofpasturemanagement.MapleHillsignsacontractpledgingtobuythefarmer’smilkataguaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsandincentivesforhigherprotein,butterfatandothersolids.[G]WhileMapleHill'sconversionprogramisunusuallyhandsonandcomprehensive,it’sjustoneofagrowingnumberofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthewayAmericafarms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledgenetworkthroughpeer-to-peerlearningacorepieceofthecompany’sculture.Lastsummer,Massachusettsgrass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmithlaunchedBigPictureBeef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeeffarmsinNewEnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobringtomarket2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageoffarmmembers.Sincehebegantoinformallyannouncethenetworkatfarmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,he’sreceivedasteadystreamofinquiriesfrominterestedfarmers.[H]Smithsayshe’llprovideservicesrangingfromformalseminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholistic(整体的)management,toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost24/7phonehotlineforfarmerswhoareconverting.Inexchange,heguaranteesanabove-marketpriceforeachanimalandacalf-to-customerelectroniceartagIDsystemlikethatusedintheEuropeanUnion.[1]Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasawin-winsituationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,forone,isanissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced10-20%aboveorganicversions,butdependingontheproductchosen,comparedtonon-organicconventionalyogurt,consumerscouldpayapremiumof30-50%ormoreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smithsayshisgrass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overtheconventionalalternative.ButalookatthepricesononlinegrocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremiumofanywherefrom35-60%，[J]Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoinggrass-fed.Forbothbeefanddairyproductionitrequires,atleastinthebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fedbeefproductiontendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.ButSmithcountersthatifyoufactorinthehiddencostofgovernmentcornsubsidies,environmentdegradation,anddecreasedhumanheathandanimalwelfare,grass-fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel.“Thesunprovidesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapestmeat,”hesays.[K]Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmerstoconvertisEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.FoundersTaylorCollinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,usedtobeenduranceathletes;nowthey’readvocatesofgrass-fedmeat.SoonafterlaunchingEPIC’Smostsuccessfulproduct-theBisonBaconCranberryBar-CollinsandForrestfoundthey’dexhaustedtheirsourcesforbison(北美野牛)raisedexclusivelyonpasture.Whentheystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearnedthatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therestisfeed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorn.[L]ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2016,CollinsandForrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcestheyneededtoexpandtheirsupplychain.SothecompanyteamedupwithWisconsin-basedrancherNorthstarBison.EPICfrontedthemoneyforthepurchaseof$millionworthofyoungbisonthatwillberaisedaccordingtoitsgrass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteedpurchaseprice.Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnototherwisebeabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,“Youcanpurchasethis$3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseI’mguaranteeingyoutodayyou'llhave1,000bisononit.’We’rebringingnewbloodintotheold,conventionalfarmingecosystem,whichisreallycooltosee,”Collinsexplains.36.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbytheever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.37.Overtheyears,TimJoseph’spartnershavehelpedmanydairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.38.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefitsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthecost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.39.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchtograss-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsofprofits.40.TimJoseph’sgrass-fedprogramisonlyoneexampleofhowAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthatsunlightbringsenergyandwealthtomankind.42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthattheyareusuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.43.Grassfedproductshaveprovedtobehealthierandmorenutritious.44.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefoundgrass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupplyofpurelygrass-fedbisonmetwasscarce.【参考答案】36-40FCJDG41-45AIEBKSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm(缩影)ofsociety:theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatetheexternalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthembettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside--atonceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances.andinadividedandunequalsocietythetwoidealscanclashoutright(直接地).Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventureofalifetime-treksinBorneo,asportstourtoBarbados-appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupilsarriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamiliescan’taffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineoutof30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthepovertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducingafundraisingrequirementforstudentsdoesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricherauntsandneighbours.ProbingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractisingFrenchonalanguageexchangecanfirechildren’spassions,boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife’spossibilities.EducationaloutingshelpbrightbutdisadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscoresinA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisagoodcaseforinternationaltravel.andsomeparentssaytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceofimmenseandmountingfinancialpressures.someschoolshaveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityinensuringthatalltheirpupilsareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbeapplauded.Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraising.withtheproceeds(收益)pooled,canhelptoextendopportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.But￡3,000tripscannotbejustifiedwhentheaverageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover￡30,000.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformanypupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschoolbecauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocanseethatatripislittlemorethanapartyorcelebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleftbehind.TheDepartmentforEducation’sguidancesaysschoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripispartofthesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;anditdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips.whicharebecomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannotbeexpectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.Buttheleastweshouldexpectisthattheydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoarealreadydisadvantaged.46.WhatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddoA)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchangethedividedunequalsociety.B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenablethemtofacetheworld.C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswellasintellectualabilities.D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthemtoachievetheirgoals.47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfieldtripsA)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstomixwitheachother.B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedanddisadvantagedstudents.C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachancetoseetheworld.D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesandneighbours.48.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuildcommunityspiritA)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents’ingenuity.C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding.D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparentsregardingschoolfieldtripsA)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeventhoughtheydon’tseemuchbenefit.B)Theydon’twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindithardtokeepthemfromgoing.C)Theydon’twanttheirkidstomissanychancetobroadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventuresbuttheydon’twantthemtorunrisks,50.Whatistheauthor’sexpectationofschoolsA)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthepristine(未受污染的)watersaroundtheAntarcticcouldseekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkofextinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy’sreportstatesthatasglobalwarmingtransformstheenvironmentintheworld’slastgreatwilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscouldeitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.Co-authorCélineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityofStrasbourginFrance,warned:“Ifthere’renoactionsaimedathalingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthepaceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchasclimatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,thespeciesmaysondisappear.”ThefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernoverthefutureoftheAntarctic.Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationofclimatechangeandindustrialfishingisthreateningthekrill(磷虾)populationinAntarcticwaters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,sealsandpenguins.Buttoday’sreportisthestarkestwarningyetofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimatechangeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctic’sdelicateecosystems.LeBohecsaid:“Unlesscurrentgreenhousegasemissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins-millionbreedingpairs-willbeforcedtorelocatetheirbreedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100.”Kingpenguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguinandonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsintheSouthernOceanwherethereisnoicecoverandeasyaccesstothesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarcticPolarFront-anupwardmovementofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife-isbeingpushedfurthersouth,Thismeansthatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkrillinthisbodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheirfeedinggrounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetweentheirbreedinggroundsandtheirfoodgrows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.LeBohecsaid:“TheplightofthekingpenguinshouldserveasawarningaboutthefutureoftheentiremarineenvironmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeotherseabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsinthefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsoftheirecosystems."Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsofchangesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekeyspeciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsofglobalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarineecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomekingpenguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreedinggroundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenewhabitatswouldbescarce.OnlyahandfulofislandsintheSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglargebreedingcolonies.51.Whatwillhappenby2100,accordingtoanewstudyA)Kingpenguinsin