计算机应用基础英文版课件：5.2-Internet

计算机应用基础FundamentalsofComputerandComputingFundamentalsofComputerandComputingChapter#1

ProblemsolvinginCSChapter#2

Datarepresentationincomputers

Chapter#3

HardwareChapter#4

OperatingsystemChapter#5

NetworkandinternetChapter#6

DatabasemanagementsystemChapter#7

ComputingasadisciplineChapter#8

AlgorithmandprogrammingOutlineWhatisInternetHistoryoftheInternetHowtheInternetWorksTheWorldWideWebWebServerHTML,HTML5CookiesWeb2.03WhatisInternetTheworld’slargestcomputernetwork,Providesconnectionsformillionsofcomputersallovertheglobe.Internet

isanetconnectingallkindsofnetwork.

Internetisaninformationresourceofallovertheworld.

4TheInternetTheInternetWhataresomeservicesfoundontheInternet?Chat(4)(1)E-mail(2)Websurfing(3)Filetransfer(5)Messageboard(6)Instantmessaging5HistoryoftheInternetHowdidtheInternetoriginate?ARPANET:NetworkingprojectbyPentagon’sAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)ToallowscientistsatdifferentlocationstoshareinformationTofunctionifpartofnetworkweredisabledBecamefunctionalSeptember19696HistoryoftheInternetHowhastheInternetgrown?TodayMorethan200millionhostnodes1984Morethan1,000hostnodes1969Fourhostnodes7CurrentUsage8HistoryoftheInternetWhocontrolstheInternet?Noone—itisapublic,cooperative,and

independentnetworkSeveralorganizationssetstandards9WorldWideWebConsortium(W3C)Overseesresearch,setsstandardsandguidelinesInternet2(I2)Internet-relatedresearchanddevelopmentprojectDevelopsandtestsadvancedInternettechnologiesOutlineWhatisInternetHistoryoftheInternetHowtheInternetWorksTheWorldWideWebWebServerHTML,HTML5CookiesWeb2.010HowtoaccessInternetConnecttoaproviderwhoisalreadyconnectedtotheInternetandprovidesapathorconnectionforindividualstoaccesstheInternetCollegesanduniversitiesInternetserviceproviders(ISP)Onlineserviceproviders11HowtheInternetWorksHowtheInternetWorksHowmightdatatraveltheInternetusinga

telephonelineconnection?12Step1.RequestdatafromaserveronInternetStep5.RegionalISPusesleasedlinestosenddatatoanationalISPStep6.NationalISProutesdataacrossthecountryStep8.ServersendsdatabacktoyouStep2.ModemconvertsdigitalsignalstoanalogsignalsStep3.DatatravelsthroughtelephonelinestoalocalISPStep4.DatapassesthroughroutersStep7.NationalISPpassesdatatolocalISPTheWorldWideWebWhatistheWorldWideWeb(WWW)?AninfrastructureofdistributedinformationcombinedwithsoftwarethatusesnetworksasavehicletoexchangethatinformationAworldwidecollectionofelectronicdocuments,alsocalledtheWebTheInternetmakesthecommunicationpossible,buttheWebmakesthatcommunicationeasy,moreproductive,andmoreenjoyable13TheWorldWideWebEachelectronicdocumentiscalledaWebpageCancontaintext,graphics,sound,video,andbuilt-inconnectionsAWebsiteisacollectionofrelatedWebpagesAlinkisaconnectionbetweenonewebpageandanotherthatcanbeused“movearound”asdesired14Whatisahyperlink(link)?Built-inconnectiontoanotherrelatedWebpagelocationItemfoundelsewhere

onsameWebpageDifferentWebpage

atsameWebsiteWebpageatadifferent

Website15WebLinkTheWorldWideWebWhatisahomepage?ThefirstpagethataWebsitepresentsOftenprovidesconnectionstootherWebpages16WebURLWhatisaURL(orWebaddress)?UniformResourceLocator(统一资源定位器)UniqueaddressforaWebpageAURLconsistsofaprotocol,adomainname,andthepathtoaspecificWebpage.17WebURLURLMostURLsbeginwithhttp://,whichstandsforHypertextTransferProtocol

(超文本传输协议),thecommunicationsprotocolusedtotransferwebpages.18WebLinkHowcanyourecognizelinks?Alinkcanbetext

oranimagePointerchangestoasmallhand

whenyoupointto

alinkTextlinksare

usuallyunderlined

andinadifferent

color1920TheWorldWideWeb21TheWorldWideWebTheWorldWideWebWhatisaWebbrowser?ProgramthatallowsyoutoviewWebpagesMicrosoft

Internet

ExplorerNetscapeMozilla22TheWorldWideWebWhatareplug-ins?Programsthat

extendthe

capabilityof

abrowserYoucan

downloadmany

plug-insatno

costfromvarious

Websites Plug-inApplication WebAddressAcrobatReader FlashPlayer LiquidPlayer QuickTime RealOnePlayer ShockwavePlayer WindowsMediaPlayer 23TheWorldWideWebHowdohandheldcomputersandcellulartelephonesaccesstheWeb?UseamicrobrowserthatdisplaysWebpagesthatcontainmostlytextMustbeWeb-enabled24OutlineWhatisInternetHistoryoftheInternetHowtheInternetWorksTheWorldWideWebWebServerHTML,HTML5CookiesWeb2.025WebServerWebserverThecomputerthatissetuptorespondtowebrequestsAbrowserretrievingaWebpage26InternetApplicationsWebSearchingBlogsChatroomsE-mailFaxFTPInstantmessagingInternetNewsgroupsRSSVideoconferencingVoIPWeb2.0WebfoldersWikis27E-mailE-mailiselectronicmailThetransmissionofmessagesandfilesviaacomputernetworkMessagescanconsistofsimpletextorcancontainattachments,suchasdocuments,graphics,oraudio/videoclips28E-mail29Whatisane-mailaddress?UniquenamethatconsistsofausernameanddomainnamethatidentifiestheuserWhenyoureceiveane-mailmessage,themessageisplacedinyourmailbox.Themailboxisastoragelocationresidingonthemailserver.E-mailHowdoesane-mailmessagetravel?Step1.

Usinge-mail

software,you

createandsendmessageStep2.

YoursoftwarecontactssoftwareonyourISP’soutgoingmailserverStep4.

Whenrecipientuses

e-mailsoftwaretocheckfore-mailmessages,themessagetransfersfromincomingmailservertorecipient’scomputerStep3.

Softwareonoutgoingmailserverdeterminesbestroutefordataandsendsmessage,whichtravelsalongInternetrouterstorecipient’sincomingmailserver30FTPWhatisFTP?FileTransferProtocol—InternetstandardthatallowsyoutouploadanddownloadfileswithothercomputersontheInternet31NewsgroupandMessageBoardWhatarenewsgroupsandmessageboards?OnlineareawhereusersdiscussaparticularsubjectTypeofdiscussiongroupManyWebsitesuse

messageboards

becausetheyare

easiertouse32MailingListWhatisamailinglist?Groupofe-mailaddressesgivenasinglenameWhenamessageissent

tothemailinglist,

everyoneonthelist

receivesthemessageToaddyournametoamailinglistyoumustsubscribetoit;toremoveyournameyoumustunsubscribe33InstantMessagingWhatisinstantmessaging(IM)?Areal-timeInternetcommunicationsservicethatnotifiesyouwhenoneormorepeopleareonlineandallowsyoutoexchangemessagesorfilesStep2.

Theserverdeterminesifanyofyourestablishedfriends,family,orcoworkersareonlineStep3.

YousendinstantmessagestoanonlinebuddyStep1.

LogintotheIMserverIMServerStep4.

YourInstantMessagetravelsthroughamessagingserverandthentotheonlinebuddymessagingServer34WebPublishingWhatisWebpublishing?DevelopmentandmaintenanceofWebpagesStep1.

PlantheWebsiteStep2.

AnalyzeanddesigntheWebsiteStep3.

CreatetheWebsiteStep4.

DeploytheWebsiteStep5.

Maintain

theWebsite35SearchEnginesSearchEngineisawebsitethathelpsyoufindotherwebsitesGoogleandBaiduYouenterkeywordsandthesearchengineproducesalistiflinkstopotentiallyusefulsites36keywordkeywordOutlineWhatisInternetHistoryoftheInternetHowtheInternetWorksTheWorldWideWebWebServerHTML,HTML5CookiesWeb2.037HTMLWebpagesarecreatedusingalanguagecalledtheHypertextMarkupLanguage,orHTMLSpecifictagsareinsertedintoadocumenttodefinethedisplayformatoftheinformation38HTML39Amarked-updocumentHTML40TheStudentDynamicsWebpageHTMLTheHTMLdocumentdefiningtheStudentDynamicsWebpage41HTML5LateststandforHTMLDirectmanipulationofmultimediaobjectsNativesupportformobiledevicesProvideeasieruserinteractionLimitedsupportuntilnowSteveJobsclaimsitwillreplaceFlash42OutlineWhatisInternetHistoryoftheInternetHowtheIn