2021版英语一轮讲练复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评：三十七选修8Unit2Cloning

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评三十七选修8Unit2Cloning（限时35分钟）I.阅读理解AAnexcitinglandingprocessofChang-4lunarprobe（月球探测器）wasseenthroughthemonitoratBeijingAerospaceControlCenterinBeijing,Jan.3,2019.Ittoucheddownonthefarsideofthemoonat10:26a.m.BeijingTime,becomingthefirstspacecraftsoft-landingonthemoon'sunknownsidenevervisiblefromEarth.China'sChar-4probehasstartedtheexplorationonthefarsideofthemoonthankstotherelaysatellitethatprovidesacommunicationlinkwithgroundcontrol.Therelaysatellite,namedQueqiao,meaningMagpieBridge,afteraChineselegend传说），waslaunchedonMay21,2018,andbecamethefirstcommunicationsatelliteoperatingintheHaloOrbit,nearly500,000kmfromtheearth.Itcanalsoprovidecommunicationforprobesfromothercountries.Therelaysatellitewillalsobeusedforscientificandtechnologicalexperiments.ThemaximumdistancebetweenthesatelliteandtheChang’e-4probeonthefarsideofthemoonis79,000km.ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.Thesatellitecanstayinitsorbitforalongtimeduetoitsrelativelylowfuelconsumption,astheearth’ansdmoon’sgravitybalancesitsorbitalmoving.Whileinorbit,itcan“see”boththeearthandthefarsideofthemoon.TheconceptofusingarelaysatelliteintheHaloOrbitwasfirstputforwardbyU.S.spaceexpertsinthe1960s,butwasrealizedbyChinesespaceengineers.Researchershopetousethecamerasonthesatellitetorecordasteroids（小行星 ）hittingthefarsideofthemoon.TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.Topromotepublicinterestinspaceexploration,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationinvitedpeopletowritedowntheirwishesforlunarandspaceexploration,andtherelaysatellitecarriesthenamesoftensofthousandsofparticipantsandtheirmessages.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月310时26分,我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面。Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?TherelaysatellitewaslaunchedonJan.3,2019.Chang-’e4probewasthefirstcommunicationsatellite.Therelaysatelliteonlyexploresthefarsideofthemoon.TherelaysatellitecanhandledatafromChang-4probe.’e【解析】 选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.可知,中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选 D。Whywasthesizeoftherelaysatelliterelativelysmall?Toreducethecostasmuchaspossible.TomakeitcircleMoonforalongertime.Toavoidbeingcrashedbyothersatellites.TofollowAmericanspaceexperts ’advice.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.可知,中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本,故选 A。Whatmaderesearcherssufferfromgreatstress?Fewpeopleinterestedintheexplorationonthemoon.Therelaysatellitecarryingtoomuchequipment.Theirlackingenoughtimetodeveloptherelaysatellite.People’sneverbeingoptimisticabouttherelaysatellite.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.可知,研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有 30个月的时间开发这个卫星,即缺乏时间,故选 C。Whatisthemainideaofthetext?ChinaisanewspacepoweraftertheUSA.Chang-’e4probelandsonMoon’sfarside.Chinesespaceengineersmakemuchprogress.Spaceexplorationisadangerouschallenge.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面 ,并介绍了卫星在月球登陆的情况 ,因此,本文的主要内容是嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选 B。BDreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We ’vecupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.CumberlandIslands,GeorgiaJustafewhourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisapicnicparadise.It’sanunspoiledplaceintheDeepSouthwithover50milesofhikingtrails（小径）.CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit ’sstillaruthraelastraeras,lineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.GrantPark,ChicagoIfyouarelookingfordeliciousfoodinChicago,goforatasteofa20-day,lake-front,foodiefestivalthathappensinOctobereachyear.Grabaspotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwithfamilyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly4th,besuretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavyPier.CranberryIslands,MaineHere,you’llenjoynaturalpicnicswithislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutesoffshorefromAcadiaNationalPark.Youcanvisittheislandsbyprivateboatorferry（渡船）service.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit ’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.BigSur,CaliforniaThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem.Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantcommunities,anduniquegeologicalformations.It’sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。WhatareCumberlandIslandslike?A.TheyarejustnexttoSavannah.Theyhaven’tlosttheirnaturalness.TheyarealmostcoveredinSpanishmoss.Theyhaveaspectacularshoweverynight.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由CumberlandIslands,Georgia中的“It’sanunspoiledplace...”可知,这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以CumberlandIslands并没有丧失它的自然风光。故B选项正确。Wherecanyouenjoyobservingwildlifewithatelescope?AttheNavyPier.IntheDeepSouth.AtAcadiaNationalPark.AtthePointLobosStateReserve.【解析】 选D。细节理解题。由BigSur,California中“ThePnotiLobosStateReserveisasmallgem...Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.可知,PointLobos是评价很高的国家保护区。我们建议带上望远镜 ,因为大部分野生动物只能在远处看到。所以在 PointLobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故 D选项正确。Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?Tointroducesomepicnicareas.Tosharepersonalstoriesaboutpicnics.Totellreaderssomegoodwaystorelax.Toofferreaderstipsforwinterholiday.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“Dreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vecomeupwith4ofthetoppiacrneiacsacrosstheUS.”（梦想着家人陪伴、充满乐趣的夏季野餐 ?我们想到了美国四大顶级野餐区）,以及下文对于野餐区的详细说明,可以判断出作者写这篇短文的目的是要介绍一些野餐区。故 A选项正确。Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?Inapersonaldairy.Inasciencereport.Inatravelmagazine.Inageographytextbook.【解析】选C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。所以这篇短文是写给那些要去旅游的游客的,希望他们在读到这篇短文之后,获得更多关于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以判断最有可能在旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。 故C选项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceitstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.分析:covered是过去分词作状语；since引导原因状语从句。翻译:这些小路上到处都是寄生藤 ,路边是一排排的树。因为它仍是乡下地方,晚上时能看到壮观的星象 ,给了人们完美的晚上观星的野餐机会。Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit saromanticpicnicaretakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.分析:本句是祈使句;totake...是定语，修饰area。翻译:出门时为这次旅行带上野餐篮，因为这是一个浪漫野餐区，你可以带上特殊的某人或者家人去参观这些岛。H.完形填空LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.Recently,shenoticedoneofherstudents1astrangehairstyle—abraidedtopknot（头饰）.She2heratonce.Butthestudentthoughtshewas3."Shedidn'btelieveme,sosherespondednothing,asshe4away.”Leighatoldreporters.Tothestudent'5s,Leighacametoschooltheverynextdaywiththe6samehairstyle."wenthomeandgottoworkonmyhair!Withmystudent'hairbeing7tomine,Ithoughtthebetterwaytoshowherhow8shecouldmakemefeelwaswiththesamebraidedtopknot.”Leigha9thechanceofcreatingahairstyletoencourageherstudents."Whenstudents_are0_forwhotheyareasanindividualbeyondgradesonareportcard,theywillwanttogotoschoolandwantto11inlife.”sheexplained."Thissmallactionofcopyingahairstylealsoshowsthatstudentshavethe 12 toinspireteachers.Leigha13aphotoposingwithherstudentsandtheir14onTwitter(推特). “Whenyourstudentlistsocute,youhavetocopyher,“shewrote.AnotherTwitterusedecidedtorepostthepictureinotherwords,“Thiseacher,MsBishoppraisedoneofherstudentshair,sayingshelovedit,butthelittlegirldidn't15her.Thenextday,theteachercametoschoolwithherhairdonethesameasherstudent'Ssocute!”Thepostspread16andmanypeople17theirthoughts.Onesaid,“Weneedmoreofthis.1builds18(whichmakesthembelieveinthemselvesmore). ”Asateacher,Leighasawhow19itwastoshowherstudentstheimportanceofshowingthemselvesandwantedtomakethe20ofallcolorsbetterandbetter.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍一个老师为了博得学生的信任，特意剪了一个与之一样的发型，并且在网上获得广泛关注。1.A.drawingB.wearingC.pullingD.dressing【解析】选B。句意:最近，她注意到一个学生留着一个新奇的发型，一个编顶结。draw吸引，画;wear穿戴;pull拉;dress穿衣。根据后文可知，是学生的新奇的发型让LeighaBishoptil做了同1勺发型，故选B。2.A.praisedB.criticizedC.treatedD.helped【解析】选A。句意:她马上赞赏了学生。praise称赞;criticize批评;treat对待;help帮助。根据前文 LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.可知，LeighaBishop鼓励学生,因而称赞学生的个性行为,故选 A。A.puzzlingB.laughingC.jokingD.treating【解析】选a句意:但是学生认为老师在开玩笑。puzzle疑惑;laugh大笑;joke开玩笑;treat对待。根据后文Shedidn’tbelievemsoe,sherespondednothing可知,LeighaBishop的行为没有起到预期的效果 ,适得其反,故选C。A.walkedB.putC.blewD.cleared【解析】选A。句意:她不相信我，因为她离开的时候，没有回应我。walk走;put放;blow吹;clear打扫。根据文章可知，学生不认为老师是在夸奖自己,故一言不发地走开了,故选A。A.sadnessB.surpriseC.worryD.disappointment【解析】选B。句意:让这个学生惊讶的是，LeighaBishop第二天留着同样的发型来到学校。sadness悲伤;surprise惊讶;worry担忧;disappointment失望。根据文章可知，Leigha为了让学生相信她，做了一个与学生一模一样的发型 ,因此学生很惊讶 ,故选 B。A.awkwardB.positiveC.alikeD.exact【解析】选Doawkward令人尴尬的positive积极的;alike像;exact准确的，确切的。根据文章可知，Leigha为了让学生相信她，做了一个一模一样的发型 ,故选D。A.funnyB.familiarC.differentD.similar【解析】选D。句意:由于我学生的发型与我的相似，我认为展示她让我感觉挺不错的更好的方式就是留一个相同的编顶结发型。funny有趣的;familiar熟悉的;different不同的;similar相似的。根据文章可知,Leigha为了让学生相信她，留了一个相同的发型，故选D。A.niceB.uglyC.awfulD.terrible【解析】选A。nice好的;ugly丑陋的;awful糟糕的;terrible可怕的。A.playedapartintookadvantageoffellinlovewithcameupwith【解析】选B。句意:Leigha利用做发型的机会来鼓励学生。playapartin起作用;takeadvantageof禾1」用;fallinlovewith爱上;comeupwith想出。故选B。A.mentionedB.replacedC.evaluatedD.examined【解析】选C。句意:当学生们因为他们自身而不是仅仅因为报告单上的成绩被评价时 ,他们将会想去学校,同时想在生活中有所成就。mention提及;replace代替;evaluate评估;examine检查。故选CA.achieveB.wander.pleaseD.demand【解析】选A。achieve成功，获得，实现;wander漫游;please使 高兴;demand要求。根据文章可知，学生们都想获得成功，故选A。A.wishB.responsibility.possibilityD.problem【解析】选C。句意:模仿学生的发型这一小小的举动也说明了学生有可能启发老师。wish愿望;responsibility责任possibility可能性；problem问题。故选 C。A.tookB.usedC.sharedD.enjoyed【解析】选C。句意:Leigha在推特上分享了一张照片，这张照片是关于学生和他们发型的摆拍。take带;use用;share分享;enjoy喜欢。故选C。A.hairstylesB.homeworkC.clothesD.fashion【解析】选A。hairstyles发型;homework家庭作业;clothes衣服;fashion时尚。根据文章可知,本文谈论发型 ,故选A。A.regretB.satisfyC.likeD.trust【解析】选D。句意:但是这个小女孩不相信她。regret后悔;satisfy使满意;like喜欢;trust信任。根据前文可知，小女孩不信任这个老师，故选D。A.quicklyB.slowlyC.steadilyD.luckily【解析】选A。句意:这个帖子传播得很快 ,很多人都写下他们的想法。quickly快速地;slowly缓慢地;steadily稳定地;luckily幸运地。故选A。A.forgotaboutB.setaboutC.paidattentiontoD.wrotedown【解析】选D。句意:这个帖子传播得很快 ,很多人都写下他们的想法。forgetabout忘记;setabout着手;payattentionto注意到;writedown写下。根据本句可知,帖子传播很快 ,很多人写评论 ,故选D。A.confidenceB.companiesC.housesD.strength【解析】选A。句意:我们需要更多像这样的东西，它建立了信心。confidence自信companies公司;houses房子;strength力气。根据括号内的解释可知选 A。A.embarrassedB.toughC.importantD.wonderful【解析】选C。句意:作为一个老师，Leigha让学生能够明白展示自己是多么重要 ,同时也想让各种肤色的学生变得越来越好。embarrassed尴尬的;tough困难的;important重要的;wonderful神奇的。根据文章可知,本文主要讲述学生新奇发型的事情,对此老师是认可的,故选C。A.countriesB.teachersC.schoolsD.students【解析】选Docountry国家;teacher老师;school学校;student学生。根据文章可知，本文讲述学校里面留发型的事情，与学生有关。故选Dom.语法填空世纪金榜导学号阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Airpollutionisakiller.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysitkillsaboutsevenmillionpeoplearoundtheworldeachyear.Evenif1.(pollute)airdoesnotkillyou,itcanmakeyouverysick.Breathingindirtyair2.(frequent)maydogreatharmtoyourbody,3.canalsoaffectyourbrainandyourability4.(think).Anewstudyshowsthatairpollutioncancauseahugedecreaseinyour5. (intelligent).Theresearchersreportedthatlongtermsuffer