高中英语 grammar unit3 book5课件 新人教必修5

2021/8/11星期三1Unit3Lifeinthefuture

Grammar2021/8/11星期三2Pastparticiple(3)

usedasAdverbial&Attribute2021/8/11星期三3过去分词

过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。2021/8/11星期三4过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。attention2021/8/11星期三5过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。2021/8/11星期三6观察下列的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Once

hisworks

waspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。2021/8/11星期三7过去分词作时间状语1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

Whenheated,

icewillbechangedintowater.2021/8/11星期三82.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.

Seenunderamicroscope,

afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.2021/8/11星期三9过去分词作原因状语1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,

theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2021/8/11星期三102.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.2021/8/11星期三11过去分词作条件或者假设状语Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

Givenmoreattention,

thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2021/8/11星期三122.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.2021/8/11星期三13作方式或伴随情况状语Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,and

hewasfollowedbyhisdog.2021/8/11星期三142.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,and

shewaslostinthought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态2021/8/11星期三151)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary2021/8/11星期三16过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动,例如:2021/8/11星期三17Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.

Ifweare

united,wewillstand,

butifweare

divided,wewillfail.Example:2021/8/11星期三182.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasasked

whathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewas

wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.2021/8/11星期三194.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

Ifwewere

givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.

Once

itwas

translatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.2021/8/11星期三206.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.

Becauseshewas

deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.

Althoughhewas

leftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.2021/8/11星期三21用过去分词作状语来改写句子。AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2021/8/11星期三222.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.GiventimeConfusedbythenewsurroundings2021/8/11星期三234)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.

→________________________________,hebecametense.Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire2021/8/11星期三24Findoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.

Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2021/8/11星期三252.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.

Confusedbythenewsurrounding,

Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.

Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.2021/8/11星期三261.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了)Compare2021/8/11星期三273.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen2021/8/11星期三28DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.______

thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.________

ather,

hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked2021/8/11星期三29注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。2021/8/11星期三30CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.1)_________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.frightentrapfollowshootFrightenedfollowed2021/8/11星期三313)If_______inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although____intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.trappedshot2021/8/11星期三32过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。Attention2021/8/11星期三331.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。2021/8/11星期三34分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:Heworkedasaworkerbuildingroads.(主动)

=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被动)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.2021/8/11星期三35Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.(在进行)=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.2021/8/11星期三36过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。2021/8/11星期三37过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语2021/8/11星期三38被动意义：anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人

(受伤的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.B.完成意义aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaning

(落叶)intheyard.Theinjuredworkersthefallenleaves2021/8/11星期三392.后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?thathaseverbeenwrittenwhohadbeeninvited2021/8/11星期三40

如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.注意:2021/8/11星期三411.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨2021/8/11星期三42简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。2021/8/11星期三432.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。2021/8/11星期三443.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。2021/8/11星期三454.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。2021/8/11星期三465.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。2021/8/11星期三47另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)2021/8/11星期三48例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。2021/8/11星期三496.When_____ifshewouldrequestarise,theactresssaidthatmoneywasnotimportant.A.asked B.askingC.havingasked D.beingasked2021/8/11星期三507.YesterdayIsawinthenewspaperateachingpost_____ataschoolclosetomyhomeandIwantedtoapplyforit.A.advertises B.advertisingC.advertised D.toadvertise2021/8/11星期三511.Ilik