词形变换小结

词形变换小结词形变换小结词形变换小结V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考词形变换小结日期：20xx年X月词形变换小结一、形容词变副词的规则1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick---quicklyreal-reallyhelpful-helpfullycareful-carefullyhopeful-hopefullyslow-slowlyquick-quicklyquiet-quietly2.以辅音字母“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy---happilybusy-busilyangry-angrilyeasy-easily3、以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。例如：terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;simple→simplyprobable–probably;able-ably;true-truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely,wide-widely等。另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)4.以ll结尾的词只加yfull-fullydull→dully以ic结尾的词加allyautomatic-automaticallyenergetic-energeticallydemocratic→democratically有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyTheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly,例句:Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的错。需注意:friendly，deadly，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly,fatherly,motherly，lovely等是形容词而非副词。形容词变副词通常是加ly,特殊变化请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quick—quickly,true—truly,happy—happily,gentle—gentlypossible—bable—probably在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,high,deep，hard等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thankyouverymuch.(adv.)多谢。Thereismuchwaterintheriver.(adj.)Themusicistooturnitdown.(adj.)Hespeaksloudenough,Soeveryoneintheroomcanhearwhathesaid.(adv.)他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。兼有两种形式的副词

1)close与closely

close意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔细地"

Heissittingclosetome.

Watchhimclosely.

2)late与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.

Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

Heopenedthedoorwide.

Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句HespeaksgoodEnglish.他讲一口流利的英语。HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语讲得不错。二、动词变名词小结1.在词尾加er,r,双写加er或or:play—player,sing

—singerwait—waiter,find—finderB.write—writer,drive—drivercome—comer,explore—explorerdance—dancerC.run—runner,

win—winnertraval—travallerD.visit—visitor,invent—inventor2.在词尾加ing:build—building,draw—drawingend—ending,begin—beginningswim—swimming，skate—skatingfeel—feeling,say—saying,mean—meaning,cross—crossingsurf—surfing,paint—painting3.在词尾加ion或去e加ion:1)以-d或-de结尾的动词，在对应的名词和形容词中，d通常变成s，如:provide→provision，decide→decisioninvade(侵略)→invasion等等。2)以-end结尾的动词，往往有-ent结尾的名词与之对应。如extend→extent，descend→descent，等等3)以te结尾去e加ion，如:celebrate—celebration,educate—educationgraduate—graduation,donate—donationcontribute—contributioninvite—invitationcongratulate—congratulationoperate—operationpollute—pollutionappreciate—appreciation以t结尾加ion,如：attract—attractioninvent—inventioninstruct—instruction注意：

describe—descriptiondiscuss—discussionproduce—production,pronounce—pronunciation,organize—orgnizationdetermine—determinationimpress—impression4.在词尾加ment结尾achieve---achievement成就advertise---advertisement广告agree—agreement协议enjoy—enjoymentamuse—amusement娱乐develop---developmentequip装备---equipment装备，器材govern统治—government政府manage---management经营,管理argue---argument争吵know—knowledge,please—pleasurepractise—practiceadvise—advicedie—death,succeed—successweigh—weight，sit—seat,fly—flight,discover—discovery，fail—failure,behave—behaviormix—mixture,press—pressureappear—appearance，enter—entranceguide—guidanceperform—performancetour在---旅游,在---作巡回演出直接+地点tourChina---tour旅游/tourist游客三、动词变形容词

1.词尾加ful:use–usefulcare-careful,help–helpfulthank-thankfulpeace–peacefulforget–forgetful

succeed–successfulwonder-wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:

please–pleasedunite–unitedexcite–excitedsurprise–surprisedorganize–organizedclose-closed,wound–woundedrelax–relaxeddevelop–developedappreciate–appreciatedinterest–interesteduse-used,frighten–frightenedcrowd-crowded,pollute-polluted3.词尾加ing:interest–interestingsurprise–surprisingexcite–excitingdevelop–developingfrighten–frighteningsleep-sleepingfrustrate–frustratingrelax—relaxinglive–living4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry-worried,marry-married,fry-fried,terrify-terrifiedsatisfy-satisfied5.词尾加able:know-knowledgeable,enjoy-enjoyable,suit-suitableadjust-adjustable,comfort-comfortable6.其它：

lose-lost,fool-foolish,live-lively/alive/living,sleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep,wake-awake,taste-tastyspeak-spoken,break-broken,die-dead,educate-aducational四、名词变形容词有时在名词之前或末尾加上不同的前缀或后缀就可以变为形容词。如：sleep（睡觉）→asleep（睡着的）→sleepy（瞌睡的，困乏的）help（帮助）→helpful（有帮助的）等。下面就名词变为形容词的构成方法归纳如下:1.名词加-y构成形容词。表示“充满……的”

rain（雨水）→rainy（多雨的）wind（风）→windy（多风的，风大的）

cloud（云）→cloudy（多云的，阴天的）snow（雪）→snowy（多雪的）

sun（太阳）→sunny（多阳光的，明朗的）[特别提醒：别忘了双写n]

luck（运气）→lucky（幸运的）noise（嘈杂声）→noisy（嘈杂的，喧闹的）[特别提醒：别忘了去掉e]health（健康）→healthy（健康的）2.名词加-ful构成形容词，表示肯定。

use（使用）→useful（有用的，有益的）help（帮助）→helpful（有帮助的，有益的）harm（伤害，损害）→harmful（有害的）forget（忘记）→forgetful（健忘的）beauty（美丽）→beautiful（美丽的）[特别提醒：别忘了把-y变成-i，再加-ful]

care(关心，小心)→careful（小心的，仔细的）pain（疼痛）→painful（疼痛的）wonder（惊奇）→wonderful（极好的）color(颜色)→colorful(多彩的；色彩艳丽的)thank（感谢）→thankful（感激的，欣赏的）3.名词加-less构成形容词，表示否定。

use（用处）→useless（无用的）care（关心，小心）→careless（粗心的）harm（伤害，损害）→harmless（无害的）help（帮助）→helpless（无助的，无用的）

4.名词加-ly构成形容词，这种形容词常具有赞美的意味。

friend（朋友）→friendly（友好的）love（爱）→lovel