2023年清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解

清华大学２023年博士硕士入学考试试题PartⅠLiｓteninｇCｏmprehension(20％)（略）PaｒtⅡＶocａbｕlarｙ(10%)Directions:Thereａrｅ20iｎcompleｔesｅnteｎｃｅｓｉntｈiｓpａrｔ.ForｅachsｅnｔeｎｃｅtheｒeａrｅfoｕrchｏiｃesmａrkedＡ,B，CaｎｄＤ.ChoosethebestonｅthatｃompletｅstｈesentenceaｎdtｈenmarkｔhecorrespoｎｄiｎglettｅrｏntheANＳＷＥＴＳHEEＴｗithasiｎｇｌelｉｎeｔhｒoughthｅcｅｎter.21.Tｈｅ__＿_______oftheｓpringwａteraｔtｒactsalotｏｆviｓiｔorsfｒomotheｒpaｒtｓoftheｃoｕntry.A.clasｈﻩﻩﻩﻩＢ.cｌａrifｙ Ｃ.clａｒitｙﻩﻩ ﻩD．ｃlａttｅr2２.Bｕｓineｓｓｉnthisａrｅａhasｂeen__＿_____＿＿becａｕsｅpｒicesaretoｏhｉgh.A.ｐrｏspeｒoｕｓ B.secｒetiｖｅ Ｃ.sｌaｃkﻩD.shrｉlｌ23.Heｔolｄａｓｔoryabouｔhｉssｉｓterwhowasiｎasａd＿__＿＿___＿_ｗhenshewasillaｎｄhaｄnomoney.A.pligｈｔﻩB.polarｉzaｔioｎﻩC.plaｇｕeﻩＤ．ｐigment24．Hｅaｄdeｄａ__＿＿＿__＿＿_ｔohisletｔerbysａｙingthatｈewoｕｌｄarrivebｅfoｒe8pｍ．A.ｐreｓiｄency B.ｐrestiｇeﻩC.ｐｏstｓｃripｔ Ｄ．pｒelimｉｎary2５．Somｅｌｉnguistsbｅlｉｅvｅthatthｅ________＿_agefoｒｃｈildrenlearnｉngafoｒｅignlanguａgeis5ｔo8.Ａ.oｐtiｍｉstic Ｂ.ｏpｔionａl C．optimalﻩＤ.ｏpｐreｓsed26.Itallstarｔedin19５0,wｈeｎpeｏplebegantobuiｌｄtheirhousesoｎｔｈｅ＿_______＿_ｏｆtheｉrcitiｅs．Ａ.ｐaradiｓesﻩB.omｉssionsﻩＣ.orchaｒds D.ouｔskirts2７．Thｅmｅetinｇｗas＿_＿＿______ovｅｒbytheｍaｙoroｆtｈeｃｉty．A.ｐreｓumed B.ｐｒｏpｏｓｅd C.preｓented Ｄ.ｐresｉｄeｄ2８.Ｔhｅｃrowd__________ｉntothehaｌlandsomehadtostandｏutsiｄｅ.A.ｏｕtgrewﻩＢ.oｖeｒthrew Ｃ.overpassedﻩＤ.ｏveｒfleｗ２9.Itｗascｌearthattheｓｔoｒm___＿_＿____hisａrｒivａlｂytwoｈourｓ．Ａ．retardeｄ B．ｒetired C.refｒａiｎｅd D.retreateｄ30．Ｔhisprobleｍｓhouldbｅdｉscｕssedｆirst,fｏrittakｅs__＿__＿_＿__oveｒａlltｈｅｏthｅｒisｓuｅｓ.A.ｐｒecｅdencｅ B.prosperｉty Ｃ．pｒesumptiｏｎD.prｏbabｉｌｉty３１．Hersadnessｗaｓｏbvious,butsheｂeｌiｅvedtｈatheｒfeeliｎgofdｅpresｓionｗaｓ___＿______．A．tｏrrent Ｂ.transieｎtC.tｅnsileﻩＤ.tｅxｔuｒed32.Noboｄｙknewｈｏwhecameupｗiｔｈthｉs＿_＿＿____＿_iｄｅaaboｕttｈetrip．A．weaｒyﻩB.twilight C.unanimous Ｄ．wｅird33.Theｆlｏweｒundｅrthesunwould______＿＿__qｕickｌywithｏutanypｒotecｔion.A.winkﻩB．ｗithholｄ C.wither D．widower３4.The____＿__＿＿＿oｆgｉftｅdcｈiｌdrｅniｎtoacceｌｅratｅdclasseｓwillsｔartneｘtwｅｅkacｃｏｒｄｉｎgtotheiｒacａdemｉcpeｒｆorｍanｃe.A.sｅgreｇatioｎﻩＢ.speciｆicatｉon C.spectｒum Ｄ.ｓuｂｓcripｔioｎ3５．He__＿___＿＿__hｉmselfbｉｔterｌyｆorhiｓｍｉｓｅrａbleｂeｈａviorｔhａtｅvｅning．A.repealedB.rｅsｅｎtedﻩC．ｒeｌａyed D.ｒeproａcheｄ３６．Anyearｔhquaketｈattakeｓplaｃeinanyarｅaisceｒｔainlｙregardedasakｉndofa__________ｅvｅｎt.A.chｏlesｔeｒolＢ.cｈaｒｃoalﻩC.cａtastrophicﻩD．chronic37．Hecuｔthestrinｇandheldｕptｈetｗo__＿_______ｔotiｅthebox.A.segmeｎtsﻩB.sｅdiｍentsﻩＣ.seｉzures D.seｃｒetｅs38.Allthｅmusiciｎstruｍｅntｓintｈeoｒcｈｅstｒａwillｂe__＿___＿___ｂeｆoreiｔｓtａrｔs.A．cｉvilizedﻩB.chattereｄﻩC.chambereｄD．chｏrdｅd39.Whentｈeaiｒiｎａｃertainsｐacｅissquｅezedｔooｃcｕｐyａsｍalｌerspace,tｈeairiｓsaｉdtobｅ＿_________．A.commenced B.compressed Ｃ.compromisｅdD．comｐensated40.Shemaｄetwｏcopｉｅsoｆtｈispoemanｄposteｄｔｈem_______＿__todiｆferｅntpuｂlｉshers.A．senｓaｔiｏnalｌyﻩB.simultａneｏusly C.streｎuouslyＤ.siｍpｌyPａｒtⅢReaｄiｎgCompｒeｈenｓiｏn(40%)Direcｔions：Tｈｅrearｅ4ｒeａdｉｎgｐassａgesintｈispａｒt.Eaｃｈpassaｇeisfoｌloweｄbysomequestionsofunfｉｎｉsheｄstaｔｅmentｓ.ForeachｏｆtｈemthereaｒeｆｏurcｈoicesmarｋeｄA,B,C,ａnｄD.ＹｏushoｕｌｄdeciｄeonthｅｂestchｏicｅａnｄthenmarｋtheｃoｒrespｏndｉnｇletｔeｒontｈeAnsｗerSheeｔ．Ｑｕestioｎｓ41to4５arｅbasｅdｏntｈｅｆollｏｗingpａｓsagｅ:Eaｃhyear，millioｎsｏｆｐｅopｌeiｎBangladeｓｈdrｉnｋgrounｄｗateｒthathasbeenpolｌutｅdｂｙnａturａllyhigｈleｖelsofarseniｃpoｉｓon．Finｄiｎgsafedrinkingwaｔerintｈａtcoｕntｒyｃanbeａpｒｏbｌem.Howevｅr,InternationalDevｅlｏpmｅntEnterpriｓeshaｓａlow-cｏsｔaｎｓwer.Ｔhisnon-governmenｔaloｒganizationhasdevelopｅdｔeｃhnｏｌogytｏｈarvestｒainｗater．Peｏpｌearｏundtheworlｄhavebeenharveｓtingｒainwａｔerforcｅnturieｓ.Iｔisasaｆｅ,deｐendａblesｏuｒｃｅｏｆdｒinkingｗatｅr.Ｕｎｌiｋｅｇｒｏundwａter，rainwatercｏｎtａinsｎoｍiｎeralsorsａlｔsaｎｄｉsfreeoｆcｈeｍｉcaltｒeaｔmeｎts.Ｂeｓtｏｆａlｌ，itｉsｆree．TheｒainwａterhaｒvestｉngｓysｔｅmｃｒeatedbｙＩnteｒnatｉｏnalDeｖeloｐmentEntｅrpriｓesｕsesｐipestocolｌecｔwatｅrfromthetopsｏfbuilｄinｇs.Thepiｐeｓsｔretcｈfromthetopsofbｕildingsｔoaｔwｏ-metertaｌlstoｒagetankｍａdeｏfmｅtaｌ．Attheｔｏpofthetaｎkｉsasｏ-cａllｅd“first－flush”ｄｅvicemadeｏfwiｒescreｅn.Thisbａrrierpｒｅventsdiｒｔanｄleavesｉnthewaterｆrｏmfalｌｉnｇinsiｄethｅtanｋ.Aｆittedｃoｖerｓｉtsｏverthｅ“fiｒｓt-ｆｌush”dｅvice.Iｔprｏtｅctsthewaterinsideｔhetankfroｍｅvａpｏｒatinｇ.Thecovｅｒalsoｐreｖentｓmosquitoinｓｅctsｆｒomｌａｙｉngeggｓinthｅwatｅｒ.Ｉｎsidethetanｋｉsaloｗcoａtpｌaｓｔicbagthaｔcoｌlectsｔhewａteｒ.Ｔhebａgsitｓｉnｓｉdeanoｔhｅrplastｉcbagsimｉｌartothoｓeｕsｅdtｏhoｌdｇraｉns.Thｅtwobａgsａresupporｔedｉnｓidｅtｈemetaltanｋ.Ａｌltoｔal,ｔhewatｅrｓtoragesysｔeｍcａnｈoldｕptothｒeｅ-thousand-five－huｎdreｄｌiteｒｓofwａｔeｒ.IｎteｒｎatiｏnalDevｅlopmｅnｔＥｎterprisessaysｔｈeinｎerbａｇｓmayneedtoｂereplacedevｅｒｙｔwoｔｏthreeyeａｒs．Ｈoｗeｖeｒ,ｉftｈebａgsａrｅnｏｔdａmageｄbysunlｉght,thｅyｃoulｄｌａsteｖｅｎloｎger．ＩnteｒnatiｏnalDｅｖｅlopｍentＥｎtｅrpｒisessayｓｔhewaterhａrvｅstingsysｔeｍshouｌdｂebuｉltonaｒａisedｓｔrｕcｔuretopｒeventiｎsectsfromｅatinｇｉntoｉtａｔｔhebottoｍ.Tｈetotalcostｔｏｂuｉldthiｓrainwａtｅｒharvestingsyｓtemisａboutｆortyｄoｌlars．Hｏｗｅｖer,InternatiｏnａlDeｖelopmeｎtＥｎterprｉseseｘpｅｃtstｈｅpricetｏｄropovertime.Ｔhegroｕpsaｙsonetanｋｃaｎｐｒovｉdeaｆamｉlyofｆiveｗithｅnoughrainｗatｅｒtoｓurｖiveａfive-mｏｎtｈdｒyseason.41.PeoｐleinBanｇladeshcanuse__＿_＿_____asａｓafesouｒcｅofdrinｋｉnｇｗater．A.gｒounｄwatｅrB.rａinwaｔerC.drinｋiｎｇｗatｅrD.freshwatｅr42.Ｗhiｃｈofｔhefoｌlowingconｔriｂｕtestｏthｅlow-ｃostoｆｕｓinｇraiｎｗatｅr?A．Rａinwateｒisfｒeeｏfcheｍicaltrｅａtmｅnts.B.Ｐeoplｅｈaveｂeeｎｈarvestiｎgrａｉnｗaｔerforｃentｕrｉes.C.Thewａterharvestinｇsｙsｔemisbuｉltonaplatfoｒm．D.Ｒaｉnwaｔercanbｅcollectedusｉngpipes.43．Whichofｔhefollowiｎgacｔuallypreventsdirtａｎｄlｅavｅsfｒomｆaｌlinｇinsideｔhetａnk？Ａ.ａbarrierB.aｗiｒescｒeenC.ａfirst－fｌuｓh D.astoragｅtanｋ44.Thｅbagsｕsｅdtoholｄｗａterarｅlｉｋelytｏbedａmagedｂy____＿__＿_＿.Ａ．moｓqｕｉｔoｉｎsectsﻩﻩB.aｆｉttｅdcovｅrﻩﻩC.afirst-flushdevicｅﻩD.ｓunlight4５.Whａtshoulｄbｅdonetopreventiｎsｅctｓfroｍeaｔｉngintｏthｅwateｒhａｒvestinｇｓｙsｔeｍattheｂottom？A．Thetwｏbagsholｄｉngthewatｅrｓhｏuｌdbepｕtinsidethemｅtaｌtａnｋ．B.Tｈeｉnｎｅrbａgsｎeeｄｔobeｒeｐlａcedeｖerytwｏyeａrs.C.Thewaｔerｈarvestiｎｇsｙsｔemｓｈｏuｌｄｂebuiltonaplaｔｆｏｒｍ．D.Ａcovershoulｄbeｕｓedtopｒｅventinsecｔｓｆroｍeatinｇit.Qｕｅstiｏｎｓ46tｏ50aｒebａsedonthｅｆoｌlｏwingpasｓａge:Wｈereoneｓｔageofｃｈiｌddｅveｌoｐmenthasbeenｌｅfｔout，ornotsuｆfiｃｉentlｙexpｅrienced,thechiｌｄｍaｙhavetｏｇobackａndcａpturetheeｘperieｎceｏfiｔ.Ａgoodhomemａkesthｉspｏssiｂle,ｆoreｘamplebｙｐrｏvidｉｎｇｔｈeoppｏrｔｕｎityｆｏrtｈechildtopｌaywｉtｈacloｃｋwoｒkcarortｏyrailｗaytrainuptoanｙageifhesｔiｌｌnｅedｓtｏdｏso.Thisｐｒinciｐle，iｎfact,undｅｒlｉeｓaｌlpｓychoｌogicaltreaｔｍｅｎtｏｆchｉldrｅnindｉｆficultieswithｔhｅｉrdeveｌopment,ａndiｓｔhｅｂasisofwｏｒkｉnchｉldclinics.Thebeginningsoｆdｉsｃｉｐlｉneaｒeiｎtｈenurｓｅry.Eventheｙoｕｎｇesｔbａｂyistaughtbｙｇradualsｔａgｅｓtｏwaitforfoｏｄ,ｔosleeｐanｄｗaｋeatrｅgulａrinｔｅrｖａlsandsoon.Ifthechildｆeelｓthewoｒｌdaroundｈｉｍiｓａｗａrmanｄfrieｎdlyone,hesｌoｗlyacｃeptsitsｒhｙthｍandaccｕstｏmshimselｆtoconfoｒmingtｏｉｔsdｅmａnds.Lｅarninｇtoｗaｉtfortｈｉngｓ,ｐａrｔiｃulaｒｌyfｏrｆooｄ,isaveryｉmportａnｔelemｅntiｎupbringing,ａｎdisachievedsuｃcessｆｕｌlyonlyiｆtoogreａtdemaｎdsａrenｏtmadeｂeｆoretheｃhilｄcaｎunｄｅrstandｔｈem．Eｖeryｐareｎtｗaｔchesｅaｇerlythecｈild'sacｑuisitionofeａchｎｅwskill—ｔhefirstsｐokenｗords,thefirsｔｉndepｅnｄeｎtsｔeps,ortheｂｅgiｎnｉｎgofreaｄinｇａndwritiｎg.Itiｓoftｅｎｔemptｉngtohurrythechilｄbeyｏndhiｓnaturallearningrate，buttｈiscanseｔupdangｅrｏｕsfeeｌiｎgoffailｕrｅandstatesofａnxieｔyinthechilｄ.Thismｉｇｈthaｐpenａtanyｓtａｇe．Aｂabｙｍｉgｈｔｂeforcｅｄtouseatoilｅtｔooｅａrly,aｙouｎｇchildｍｉｇｈｔbeencoｕｒaｇedｔolｅarnｔoｒeadbｅforehｅkｎｏwsthemeanｉngoｆtｈｅｗorｄshereａds.Oｎtheｏtｈerhａｎd,thougｈ,ｉfａcｈｉldｉslｅftalｏnｅtｏomuch，orwithouｔａnyｌeａrninｇoppｏrｔunitiｅs,ｈelosｅshisnatuｒalzestfoｒｌifeanｄhｉsdｅsｉrｅtｏｆｉndｏutnewthingｓfoｒhｉmｓｅｌf.Learningtｏgｅtherisafruitsourｃeoｆｒelａtionｓhipbetweeｎcｈｉldrenandparｅnｔs.Byｐlayingtogｅther,pａrｅntsleaｒｎmｏreaboｕｔthｅｉrchｉldｒenanｄchiｌdrenlearnmorｅfromtheiｒpaｒeｎtｓ.Toｙsanｄgameswhichｂothpａrｅnｔsaｎdｃhilｄｒｅｎcａnshareaｒeａｎimportantmeａnsoｆachievingthisco-opｅｒation.Buildｉng-ｂlｏcktoyｓ,jigsawpuzzlesandcroｓsｗoｒｄaregoodeｘaｍｐｌeｓ.Ｐaｒentsｖaｒygreaｔｌyintheiｒdegrｅｅofstriｃtnessorindｕlgeｎｃetowardｓｔｈeirchildreｎ.Soｍemaｙbeesｐecｉａｌlｙstrｉctinmoneｙmａtters,othersａｒeseverｅoｖerｔimeｓofｃomｉngｈomｅａｔｎight,punctuaｌityｆorｍealsorpersonalclｅａnliｎｅss．Ｉngeｎeraｌ,thecontrｏlsimposeｄrｅｐreseｎttｈｅｎeedsoftheｐａrenｔｓａｎdｔhｅvaｌuｅｓｏfthecommuｎityaｓmuｃhasthechilｄ＇sowｎhappineｓsandwell-beｉnｇ.46.Theprinciｐlｅunderlｙingallｔreａtmentofdevelopｍentaldifｆicｕlｔieｓinchildren__＿____＿_＿.A.isｔosenｄｔhemtｏclｉnicsＢ.offersrecaｐｔureoｆeaｒliｅrｅｘperiencｅsC.isinｔheprovisioｎofclocｋwoｒkｔoyｓandtrainsD.istocａptuｒｅｔhembefｏretheｙaresufｆicｉｅntlyexpｅｒiencｅd47．Thecｈildintｈenursery_＿____＿_＿_．A.qｕicｋlyｌearnｓtｏwａitfｏrｆoodＢ.ｄｏesn'tiniｔiallysｌeｅpａndwakeatregularintervalsC.ａlｗaysaccｅptｓtｈerhｙｔhmｏftheworlｄarounｄtｈemＤ.alwaｙsfeeｌstheworldarｏundｈiｍiｓwarmａｎｄｆriｅｎdlｙ４8．Ｔheencouragｅｍentofchｉlｄｒeｎtoacｈiｅvenewskilｌs____＿＿＿___.A.cａｎneverbetakentoofarB.shoｕｌｄbeleftｔoｓｃhooltｅachersC．ｗilｌalwaｙsａssisttheirdevelopmeｎｔD.shoｕlｄbebalancedbetｗeentwoeｘtremｅｓ49．Jigsawpｕｚzｌesａｒe__＿_＿＿____.A.tｏodｉfｆicultforchｉldrｅｎB.akindofbuiｌding-bｌｏcktｏyC.noｔveryentertainingforadulｔsＤ.ｓuｉtableeｘeｒciｓesforpareｎt-cｈｉｌdcｏｏperａｔion５０．Paｒeｎtalconｔroｌsandｄiscipｌine_＿__＿_＿__＿.A.sｅrｖeａduaｌpurposeB．shｏuｌdｂeaｖoiｄedasmｕchasposｓｉblｅＣ.ｒｅflectthevaｌuesofthecommuｎityD.aｒｅdesｉｇnedtｏpromoｔｅｔhecｈｉld'shappiｎｅssQｕestions５1tｏ55arebaｓｅｄｏntｈefoｌlowｉｎgpasｓａｇｅ:ＭorethａｎｈａｌｆofalｌJewsmarｒieｄinU.S.ｓｉncｅ19９０havｅｗｅｄpｅoｐlewｈｏａｒｅn'tJｅｗｉsｈ.Nearly48０,000AmｅriｃanｃhildrenundｅrtheageoftenhａveoneJｅwｉshaｎdｏｎenon-Jewishpareｎt.And,ifasurｖeyｃｏｍpiledｂyreseａrｃｈersattheUniversityoｆＣaliforniａaｔＬosAngeleｓisanyｉnｄicatiｏｎ,it＇sａlｍostｃertaｉｎthaｔmostoftheseｃhｉldｒｅｎwillｎｏｔidｅｎｔifyｔhｅmselvesａs“Ｊewish”whenthｅygetoldｅr.Thａtsｕrvｅｙａskedｃollegefrｅsｈmeｎ,ｗhｏarｅusuaｌlｙaｒｏunｄage18,aｂouttheirｏｗnａｎdtｈeｉrｐaｒents'ｒｅｌｉgiｏuｓｉｄenｔｉtｉes.Niｎｅty－thｒeｅｐｅrｃentｏfthｏsewitｈtｗoJｅwishｐarentｓsａidtｈｅythoｕｇhtoｆthemselｖｅｓasJeｗisｈ.Butwhenthefaｔheｒwａsｎ'ｔＪeｗish,thenumbeｒdｒoppedto３8peｒcent,andwｈentheｍｏtｈｅrwaｓn'tＪeｗ,jusｔ15pｅｒｃｅntoftheｓｔuｄentssａｉｄtheywereＪewisｈ,too．“IthinｋwhatwａｓｓｕrｐrisinｇｗasjusthowlowｔheＪeｗｉsｈｉdｅｎtifｉcａtiｏnｗａｓinｔheｓemixｅdmarriａgefaｍilｉes.”LｉndaSaxｉsaprofeｓsｏrｏｆeducatｉonａｔＵCＬA.Shediｒecｔedthesurveywhicｈｗaｓcoｎductedoveｒthecｏurseoｆｍorethaｎaｄecadeaｎdwasｎ'tacｔuａｌlyａboutreligｉousｉdentiｔyｓｐecificａlly．BuｔPrｏfesｓoｒSａｘsaysｔheａnswerｓtoｑｕｅｓｔionｓaboutrｅligionwerｅｐarｔｉcularlystrikｉｎg,anddeserｖeamorｅdetaｉlｅdstｕdy.Shesayｓit'sobｖioｕsthａtinterfaiｔhmａrrｉagewoｒksagａinsttｈｅdevｅloｐmentofＪewishiｄeｎtｉtyａmｏngchildren,buｔsaysｉt'snotclｅaraｔthｉｓpｏinｔwhythaｔ'sthecaｓe.“Tｈｉsnewsｔudyisｎecessarytoｇetmｏｒein-depthaｂouttheirfeelｉngsabouｔtheirrｅligion.That＇ssomeｔhingthatthｅstuｄyｔｈａtＩcoｍplｅtedｗａsnotａbletｏdｏ.Wedidn'thaveiｎformatｉononhoｗtheyfｅｅlａｂoｕtｔheirｒｅligioｎ,wｈeｔheｒtheyｈaｖeaｎycｏnｃｅrnabｏｕtｔheiriｓｓuｅsoｆidentiｆｉｃａtion,howｃｏmfortabletheyfeelａbｏuttheiｒliｆeｌoｎgｇoａlｓ.Ｉthｉnkthenewｓtudy＇sgoiｎgｔocovｅｒｓoｍｅofthａｔ,”sｈeｓays.JayRuｂinｉsｅxeｃutiｖedｉrectoroｆHileｌ,anaｔioｎａlorganｉzatiｏnthatwｏrkswithＪeｗｉｓhcolｌegeｓtudents．Mr.RuｂinsaｙsJｕdａisｍｉsmoｒｅｔｈａnareliｇioｎ,it'sanexpｅrieｎcｅ.Ａｎdwiththatinmｉnd,HillelhasｃomｍｉssiｏneｄastuｄyoｆJewiｓhａtｔituｄestｏwardｓJuｄaｉsｍ.Reseａrｃhｅｒswｉｌlｃｏncentrateｐrimaｒilｙonｙoungaduｌts,andｔhosｅwitｈｔｗoJeｗishpareｎtｓ，andtｈosewithjuｓtｏne，ｔｈosewhoseｅtｈemselvesasＪewishandthosewhodｏnot.JaｙRubinｓａysHilleｌｗilｌtheｎuseｔhｉsstuｄytofoｒmｕlaｔeａstrａｔegyformａkｉngJudａｉsmmorｅrelevａnttothｅnextｇenerationofAmｅｒicａｎJewｓ.51．Thebesｔｔｉｔleｏftｈisｐａssａgeis__________．Ａ.ＪｅｗishandNon-JewishinAmｅｒiｃanＢ．ＪewiｓhIｄentｉｔyinＡmericａＣ.Ｊｕdaism－ａReｌigion?D.ＣolleｇｅＪeｗishStｕdentｓ52.AmongtｈeｆｒeshmenatUCLA____＿_＿＿__tｈoughttheｍselｖesasJｅwiｓh．A.ｍｏｓtB.93%ofthoｓewhoｓeparentswerebothJewishC．62%ｏftｈｏｓeoｎlywhosefatｈeｒwｅreJewｉｓhＤ.15%oftｈｏseonlｙｗｈosemotherwｅreJｅwish53.Thephｒａse“inｔerｆａitｈｍarriage”inthePａragraｐh3ｒｅferstｏthｅ______＿___.A.marｒiaｇeofpｅopleｂａseｄonmuｔuａｌbeｌiｅfＢ.marｒiageoｆpeｏplefortheｃｏｍｍonｆaithC.marｒiaｇeofpeｏpleofdｉffｅrentreliｇiousfaithsＤ.ｍａrrｉａgeｏfpeoplewhｏhavefａｉthiｎｅａchotｈer５4．ＷhichofthefｏllｏｗingstａtｅmｅntｓisNOTｔrueａboｕtprｏｆessorSaｘ'sreseａrch？A．ＴheｒesｅａｒchｉndｉcatｅsthａtmosｔｓtudｅｎｔswiｔhｏnlyoｎeJewisｈparentｗilｌnotｔhｉnktｈeｍｓelvｅsasJｅwish.Ｂ.TｈesurvｅｙwascarrｉeｄoutamongJewisｈFreshmen.C．Therｅsearchｓurｖeyｄidｎ'ｔfｉnｄｏuｔｗhaｔaｎｄhowｔｈeｓeＪｅwishｓtudentｓthinkaboutｔｈｅirreｌigion.Ｄ．Ｔheresearｃhpｒesｅnｔsanewperspｅctiveforthｅｆｕtureｓｔudy.55．Wｈichofｔhefｏllowingistrueaｃcordingtｏtheｌａstparaｇrapｈ？Ａ．Mr.ＲubｉnisｔheｆounｄeｒofHillel．Ｂ.Mｒ．RuｂｉnｔhｉｎkstｈaｔJｕdaiｓｍiｓnotareligionaｎｄit'sanexｐeriencｅ.C.ＨillelisanorganizationcoｎcｅrｎedｗithJｅwｉｓhcｏｌｌegｅｓtｕdentsintheworｌｄ.D．ＨｉllelｈasａskedcertａinpeopletoｃarryｏuｔａｓｔudｙaboutＪｅｗｉshattitudesｔowaｒdsＪｕdａｉｓm.Qｕｅstｉonｓ５6to６０ａrebasedｏntｈeｆｏllowiｎgpasｓaｇe:Govｅrnmｅntsｔhａtｗaｎttheｉrｐeopletopｒosｐeｒinthｅburｇeoningｗｏrlｄeｃｏnomyｓhoulｄｇuａrａnteｅｔwobaｓｉcrights：tｈｅriｇhｔtoprivateprｏpertyａndtheｒiｇhttoenfｏrｃeablecontracts,sａｙsMancuｒOlsoninｈisbookPoweｒandProｓｐeritｙ.OｌｓonwaｓａneconomｉcｓpｒofessoraｔtheＵniveｒsｉｔｙofＳｏmｅhavearguedthatｓｕcｈｒｉghｔsaremerｅlｙlｕｘurｉeｓthａtｗealtｈysｏcｉetｉesbeｓtoｗ,bｕｔＯlsonturnｓthａｔａrgumｅｎｔａroundandassertsｔhatsucｈrigｈtｓareesｓeｎtiａｌtocreatinｇweａｌtｈ．“Incomesａrelｏwinmosｔoftheｃountriｅsoｆthｅｗoｒｌd,inｓhoｒｔ,ｂeｃaｕsetｈeｐｅoｐlｅintｈosecoｕntrieｓdonothａveｓｅcｕｒeinｄiviｄｕａlrｉghtｓ,”ｈesayｓ.Certainsimｐｌeecｏnomicaｃtivｉtiｅｓ,ｓuchａsfｏｏｄgaｔheｒiｎganｄmakinghａndicrａfts,ｒｅｌymostlｙoniｎdｉｖiduａllａｂor;propｅｒtｙisnotnｅcessaｒy.Ｂutｍｏreadvanｃｅｄaｃtｉvitｉｅs，suchａstheｍａsｓproduｃtiｏｎoｆgoodｓ,ｒeqｕirｅmachiｎesaｎｄｆactorｉesaｎdoｆficeｓ．Thｉsproductionisofｔencａllｅｄcａpiｔal-ｉntenｓｉve,buｔｉtisreallyproperty－iｎtensiｖｅ,Oｌsonobｓｅrｖes．“Noonewｏuldnｏrmaｌlｙengagｅincaｐｉtal－intenｓivepｒｏductionｉｆheｏrsheｄiｄnothａveriｇhｔsｔhaｔkeｐｔthevaｌuａｂlｅcａｐiｔａｌｆrombｅｉｎｇｔakenｂｙbanｄits,whｅtｈeｒｒovｉngoｒstatiｏnａｒy,”heargｕｅs.“Ｔｈｅreisnoprivatepｒopertywithoｕｔｇoｖerｎｍｅnt—iｎdiviｄualsｍayhavｅｐossｅｓｓioｎｓ，thewａyadogｐｏssesｓesabｏnｅ,buttｈereisprivateprｏpｅｒtyoｎlyiftheｓocietypｒotｅｃtsanddefendsａpriｖateｒｉghtｔoｔhaｔpossｅssｉoｎaｇainｓｔotｈｅrｐrivaｔｅpaｒtiesandagaｉnｓtｔhegovernmentaswell.”Woulｄ－beenｔreｐrｅneｕrs,nomatterhｏｗsmall，aｌsoneeｄaｇｏvｅｒｎｍenｔａndcoｕｒtｓyｓteｍthatwｉllmaｋesurepｅoplｅhonoｒｔheｉrcｏntracts．Ｉnfａcｔ,thｅｂａｎkinｇｓｙsteｍsrｅlｉｅdｏｎbｙｄevelopｅdｎａtionｓarebａsedonjusｔsuchanenｆorcｅablecoｎｔrａctsystem.“Ｗewoｕlｄnｏtdeｐｏsitouｒｍoｎｅyｉnbanｋs..．ifwｅｃｏuldnoｔｒelyonthｅbａnkｈavｉngtoｈonoritsｃｏnｔractwitｈus，aｎdｔhebankwｏuｌdｎotbeａblｅtomａketｈeproｆitｓｉｔｎeedｓtoｓtayｉnbusinｅｓsｉfitcouｌｄnoｔenｆorceitsloancontrａｃtsｗｉthborrowers,”Oｌsｏnwrites.ＯtherecｏｎomistshavearguedthａｔthepoｏｒｅcoｎomｉesofＴhiｒdWorldanｄcomｍuniｓtｃountrieｓaretheｒesｕltofgovernmｅntssｅｔtiｎgboｔhpｒiceｓａｎdtheｑuaｎｔitiesofgｏｏｄｓproduｃedraｔheｒthaｎletｔingａfreemarketdeterｍineｔhem.Olsｏnａgreeｓthｅｒeｉｓsｏmemerｉttothiｓｐoｉntofview,ｂｕｔhearguｅsｔhａtgovｅｒnmentintervｅntionisnｏtenougｈtoeｘplaiｎthepoveｒｔyoftheｓecountries．Rａthｅr，therｅaｌprｏbleｍislackofiｎdividuａlrighｔsthatｇivepｅopleincentiveｔogｅnerａtewealｔh.“Ifaｓoｃieｔyｈaｓclｅarandsecuｒｅiｎdividuａlrigｈts,therｅarestrongiｎcentiveｓ(刺激，动力）tｏproｄｕcｅ,inｖest，ａndｅnｇageinmｕtｕallｙaｄｖanｔaｇeouｓｔradｅ,ａndtｈerｅforeatleａsｔsomeｅcoｎomicaｄvaｎce，”Ｏｌsｏnｃoncluｄes.５6.WhｉchofthefoｌlowingisｔｒｕｅaboutOｌｓoｎ?A.Hewasafictiｏnwｒｉteｒ.B.HｅediteｄtｈeboｏkPoweraｎdＰｒospeｒity.C.HeｔaughｔeconomicsａｔtｈeUniversityＤ.Hｅwasａgａiｎsttｈｅownｅｒｓhipofprｉvａteprｏperty.57．ＷｈichoｆtheｆｏｌlowingｒeprｅｓentsOlson'ｓpointorvieｗ?A.Ｐroteｃtｉｎgiｎdivｉduaｌpｒoｐertｙrigｈｔｓencｏuｒagesweａlthbｕildinｇ.B．Oｎｌyinwealｔhyｓocｉetｉesｄｏｐeoplｅhavesecurｅiｎdividualrｉｇｈtｓ.C.Sｅcuｒeｉｎdividuａlriｇhtsarebｒoｕghtabｏutbｙtheｗeａｌthoftｈｅsocｉｅty.Ｄ.Insｏmecouｎtries，peoplｅdｏn＇thavesecuｒeindｉviｄualrｉghtsbeｃauｓeｔhey＇repoor.58.WhaｔdｏesOlｓonｔhinkabｏutmasｓｐroduction?A．Ｉt'scａpitaｌinｔeｎsive.B．It'spropertyｉntｅnsivｅ.C.Itreｌiesｏninｄiｖiduaｌｌaｂor.D.Itreｌｉesｏnｉｎdividualｓkｉlls．59．Ｗhatisthebａsiｓforthebaｎkingsyｓtem?Ａ.Contｒａｃｔsｙsteｍtｈaｔcanbeenfoｒcｅd.B.Peｏple'sｗillｉｎｇnesｓtodepositmoneyｉnｂaｎｋs.C.Tｈeｐoｓsｉbｉlitｙthatｔheｂankｃanmａｋeｐroｆitsfrｏmitｓborｒowｅrｓ．Ｄ.Thefactthatsomeｐeoｐｌehaｖesurｐluｓmｏneywｈilesoｍeneedloans.６0.AｃcordinｇｔoOlson,ｗｈatisthｅｒeasonfｏｒthｅpooreｃonomｉesofThirdＷoｒldｃountｒｉes？A.ｇovernｍenｔintｅrvenｔiｏnB.lacｋｏfsecurｅｉndividuａlrｉｇhtsC.beｉngshoｒtoｆcaｐiｔalＤ.lackofafｒeｅmaｒketPartⅣCｌｏze(10％)Dirｅcｔions:Ｔhereａre２０blanksinｔhｅfollowｉｎgpassａge.ForeachbｌanktherｅarｅｆouｒchoicｅsｍarｋedA,B,CａｎdD．ＹoushｏuldcｈooｓetｈeONEthaｔbesｔｆitｓｉntothepａssagｅ．TheｎmarｋtheｃoｒrｅｓpｏndiｎgletｔeronthｅAnsｗeｒＳｈｅet.FoｒtｈｅpeｏpleｗhohaｖeｎeveｒtraｖeledａcroｓsｔhｅＡtlaｎtｉcthevoyａｇeｉsａfaｎｔａｓｙ.ButforｔhepeoｐlewhｏcrｏssitｆreqｕｅnｔｌｙoｎｅｃｒｏｓsingoｆｔｈeＡtlanｔｉcisverｙｍｕchlｉkeanotｈｅr,andｔheｙdｏｎoｔｍakethｅvoｙageｆoｒthe__61__oｆｉｔsinterest.Mosｔｏfusaｒeqｕｉteｈａｐｐyｗhｅnwｅｆeel__62__togoｔobeｄaｎdpleaseｄwhentheｊｏurney__63__.ＯｎthｅfirstnighttｈisｔimeIfeltｅspｅｃiａllylａzyａｎｄwenｔｔobｅｄ__６4__earｌiertｈａｎusｕal.ＷhｅnI＿_65_＿mycaｂｉｎ,Iwassｕrpｒisｅd_＿66＿_thatIwastoｈaｖｅａｃｏmpanionｄurｉｎｇmytrip,wｈｉchmadｅｍｅfｅelalｉttlｅｕｎｈappy.Ｉｈaｄexpected＿＿67__buttheｒｅwasasｕitcasｅ＿_6８＿＿miｎeintheopｐosiｔecｏrｎer.Iwonderedwhoｈｅcouｌｄbｅandwhathｅwoｕｌdbｅlike．Soonafterｗａrｄｓhecaｍｅin．Hewastｈｅｓorｔofmanyｏｕmigｈｔmeｅt__69＿＿,excｅpttｈathｅwaswearing__70＿＿goｏdｃlotｈesthatIｍadeuｐｍyminｄtｈaｔwewouldnot_＿71__wｈoeｖerhewasａnddidnotsａy__72__．AsIhadｅxpectｅd,heｄidｎoｔtalktｏmeeitｈerbutwenttobｅdｉmｍeｄiately．ＩsｕｐpoｓｅＩslｅｐtｆorseｖeralhoursｂｅｃausewhｅnＩwokｅuｐitｗasalｒeadythemidｄleofｔhenighｔ.Ifelｔcoldｂutcｏvｅrｅd_＿７3__ａsｗｅllasIcouldａｎｄtrｉｅｓｔoｇobaｃｋtosleｅp.ThenＩｒealiｚedthaｔa__74＿_wascｏｍingfromthewｉndｏwoppoｓｉte.IthｏuｇhｔpｅｒhapsIhaｄfｏrｇotten__75__tｈedｏor,sｏIgｏtuｐ_＿76__ｔhｅdoｏrbｕtｆoｕnｄitalreadｙloｃkedfromtheinsｉde.Thｅｃoldaｉrwａscomｉｎgfromｔhewindowｏpposite.Icｒoｓsedｔｈeroｏmanｄ__77_＿tｈemooｎshoｎｅthrouｇhiｔoｎtotheoｔhｅrbed.__７8__ｔhｅrｅ.Iｔtookmeaminuteortｗotｏ＿_79＿＿tｈｅdoormyself.Iｒealiｚedthaｔmｙｃompaｎiｏn__8０_＿ｔhrｏughtｈｅwindowintoｔｈeseａ.6１. Ａ.reasonﻩﻩ ﻩB.ｍoｔｉve ﻩ Ｃ.cａuｓe ﻩ ﻩD.sake62.ﻩA.tiredenoughﻩB．enouｇhｔiredﻩC.enoｕghｔiriｎg D.eｎｏugｈtiｒｉnｇ6３．ﻩＡ.isaｃhievｅd B．fｉnishﻩC.iｓｏveｒﻩD.isｉntｈｅenｄ64. A.quｉte B.rａthｅｒ C.faｉrly Ｄ.ｓomeｈow６5．ﻩA.aｒrivｅｄinB．reaｃheｄｔo C.arriｖeｄto D．ｒｅaｃhedat66. A.ｆorｓeeing Ｂ．thatIsaｗ C.ａtseｅｉnｇ D.tｏsee67. A．beinglonｅly B．toｂeloｎｅlyﻩC.ｂeingａlonｅﻩＤ.ｔoｂealoｎe68.ﻩA.like B.as ﻩC.similａrｔhaｎﻩＤ.thesａmeｔhａt69. A.ineachpｌaceﻩＢ.fｏｒalｌpartsﻩC.soｍewｈeｒe D.anywheｒe７0． A.asoﻩ Ｂ.sｏﻩﻩC.suｃｈaﻩD．sｕch71.ﻩA.treattｏgｅtheｒｗell ﻩ B.pａｓstoｇetherwellC.ｇetonwelltoｇｅtｈerﻩ D.goｂyｗeｌｌtｏｇeｔher72.ﻩA.himasingleｗordﻩﻩB.hiｍnotonｅｗｏｒｄC.asｉngｌewordtｏhiｍ Ｄ.nｏtoneｗordtohiｍ73. A．upｍe B.upmｙsｅlfﻩ Ｃ.uｐｔomyｓelfﻩ D.myselfup74．ﻩＡ.drａｆtﻩB.voice C．airﻩﻩD.soｕnd75. A.tｏcloｓｅ B.ｃｌｏsiｎgﻩＣ.toｈａｖetoclosｅD.ｆorｃloｓiｎg７6. A．toshuｔﻩB.fｏrshｕｔtｉｎg C．inshuttiｎｇﻩD．ｂuｔｓhut77.ﻩA.whiledｏiｎgｌikethat ﻩ B．ａsＩdｉdlikｅtｈatC.asIdidｓｏ D.atｄoingsｏ78. 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