2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号37

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

问题2选项

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

问题3选项

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

问题4选项

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

问题5选项

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B:Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书，解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的机场开始安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。

第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而，伴随软件试用结果出现，该软件的光彩逐渐消逝，无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么，Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法，这个系统的致命缺点是什么?A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(这些测试发现，要在机场抓获90%的嫌疑人，人脸识别软件必须发出大量虚假警报)。因此A项正确，C项不正确。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三个人中就有一个被拖拉出候机的队伍，而这种比例是基于每个人都直视镜头且不做任何努力掩饰自己的情况)。由此可知B项跟D项只是文中提及的实验的条件，而非致命缺点。

第4题:判断推理题。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(问题在于从现场监控提取的嫌疑犯的脸纹不可能与数据库里的每一个细节相匹配)。因此，使得人脸识别系统难以有效工作的原因是B项“电脑里的面纹从不与真人的面纹完全相同”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控诉和反控诉之后，尽管没有一个人能识别真相，但是该行业或许很快不得不面对现实)。由此可知B项“该行业应该认清现实，改善技术”正确。

2.单选题

Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.

问题1选项

A.dispelled

B.propelled

C.repelled

D.expelled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:保安将两名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驱逐了出去。

考查动词辨析。dispel驱散，消除(尤指感觉或信仰);propel推进，驱使：repel击退，抵制：expel驱逐，开除。根据关键词“大喊大叫的男子”可知D项符合句意。

3.单选题

Thepresidentmadea（）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：vigorous“充满活力的”;选项B:tedious“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”；选项C：flat“单调的，平坦的，不景气的；”;选项D：harsh“严厉的,刺耳的”。由句意可知校长的发言激励了运动员，因此本题选项A更符合题意，正确。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上发表了充满活力的讲话，极大地鼓舞了运动员。

4.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:作者不习惯讨价还价。B:亚洲人买东西总是讲价。C:在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的。D:作家准备和那个女人讨价还价。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我决定买一条那样的裙子，我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲，讨价还价是一种习俗)。由此得知，B项和D项正确。第五段还指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老挝，讨价还价是以较低的声音，和一种轻松平静的方式进行的)。因此C项正确。只有A项在原文中找不到线索，故选A。

第2题:细节事实题。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(对于我能够说一些她们国家的语言她感到非常高兴，虽然我说的大部分都是一些数字，但是在她看来我是非常清楚这种轻松愉悦的讨价还价的方式的)。由此可知这位姑娘因作者能够说她们国家的语言和懂得相关的讨价还价的方式而感到高兴。后面接着写到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常开心，以至于让我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出价)。因此C项“感到高兴，因为作者知道她们讨价还价的方法”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开)。故选C项“她想做点什么作为补偿”。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我学会了抗拒困难，不知不觉中，我也学会了不被温柔轻松俘获)。由此可见，作者没哭是因为她已经学会让情绪不轻易受到影响，故选A项“她已经学会了保持冷静”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(对于她的这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了……)。因此作者最后还是哭了是因为当她再次打开包装想看一下这些裙子时才发现这位老挝姑娘送了自己五条长长的丝带，因此C项“她没有控制住自己的情绪”正确。

5.单选题

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英国，人们每年消耗四百万吨土豆。

考查动词辨析。swallow忍受;吞没;dispose处理;处置;安排；consume消耗；消费;exhaust耗尽;排出。空格处动词的宾语是potatoes(土豆)，因此C项符合句意。

6.单选题

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater----cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

问题1选项

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

问题2选项

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

问题3选项

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

问题4选项

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

问题5选项

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(几个世纪前，人类就发现了可以通过除去食物中的水分来达到储存的目的，并且最简单的除去水分的方法就是将食物暴露于阳光和风下面)，因此C项“已经知道几个世纪了”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，导致食物变质的细菌的活动将会受阻)。因此D项“它们的活性会因为干燥而大大降低”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用机械化方式风干食物。这种脱水的传统方法是把食物放在室内，在大约110摄氏度的入口温度，大约43摄氏度的出口温度下吹入热空气。这种风干方法通常用来风干像蔬菜、肉末以及鱼之类的食物)。因此B项“热空气室”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于这些原因，它们对攀登者、探险者和战场上的士兵来说是无价的，因为他们几乎没有存储空间)。因此答案为B项“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它们也很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为烹饪这些风干了的食物只需要花很少的时间)。因此A项“很快就可以做好”正确。

7.单选题

Inthe（）oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.

问题1选项

A.face

B.time

C.course

D.event

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果项目不成功，投资者损失将高达3000万美元。

考查短语辨析。inthefaceof面对;inthetimeof在时期；inthecourseof在……期间；在……过程中；intheeventof万一；如果。根据后面句意“投资者损失将高达3000万美元”可知D项正确。

8.单选题

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

问题1选项

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。分析题干可知ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight是if引导的条件状语从句，从主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是对过去事实的虚拟，因此从句部分应用had+过去分词形式，故选D项。句意：“哦，我太困了不能学习。”。“嗯，如果你昨晚没有观看那个晚场的电影的话，你不会如此困。”

9.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance---morethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

问题2选项

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

问题3选项

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

问题4选项

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

问题5选项

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfail.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了考古学缺乏资金支持以及非法盗掘猖獗的现象，随后提出了针对性的解决方案。因此B项“一种遏制非法盗掘同时能让考古职业受益的方法”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:史前文物市场已经存在。第一段最后一句指出:Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder(其次，存在非法挖掘的问题，导致博物馆有收藏价值的文物被卖给出价最高的人)。因此A项符合文章所述。B:这种史前文物很少有科研价值。第三段指出:Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong(从理论上讲，你声称每件文物都有潜在的科学价值或许是对的。但实际上，你错了)。因此B项正确。C:博物馆里有很多这些史前文物。第五段指出:Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture(博物馆的地下室只是没有足够大到存放将来可能被发现的文物)。因此C项正确。D:这些史前文物在质量上常常优于那些编录到博物馆里的文物，此选项文章并未提及。因此答案为D。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered(甚至没有足够的钱对这些发现进行分类；结果，它们就再也找不到了，并且变得难以接近，像从未被发现过一样)。因此C项“这些史前文物通常保持未分类状态，因此一旦收藏起来就可能找不到了”正确。

第4题:词义题。根据题干定位至第四段:Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance---morethan4.000examplessofar.破折号后面的morethan4.000examplessofar(到目前为止有多于四千件复制品)是用来解释说明abundance的，由此可知abundance表示“数量很多”。

第5题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder(此外，古代文物是我们全球文化遗产的一部分，所有人都可以欣赏，而不是卖给出价最高的人)。因此B项“本应该在公共场合被展出的文物将要卖给个人”正确。

10.单选题

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

问题1选项

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confine“限制；禁闭”；B选项conform“符合；遵照；适应环境”；C选项confront“面对；遭遇；比较”；D选项confirm“确认；确定；证实”。句意：在任何特定文化中的绝大多数人都将遵守该文化既定的标准。空格处的动词既要符合句意，又要与to构成搭配。因此B项正确。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

11.单选题

Asa（）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作为一个多才多艺的演员，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器。

考查形容词辨析。flexible灵活的,柔韧的；versatile多才多艺的，万能的，通用的；sophisticated复杂的，久经世故的，富有经验的；productive多产的，富有成效的。根据后面句意“他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器”可知B项正确。

12.单选题

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管他有一定的知识和学术背景，但是从根本上来说他还是很笨的。

考查短语辨析。butfor要不是，如果没有；accordingto按照，根据；forall尽管，虽然；thanksto由于，幸亏。根据后半句句意“从根本上来说他还是很笨的”可知前半句表示让步，故选C项。

13.单选题

Lately,therestaurantchain,which（）mainlytoblue-collardiners,hasbeenhurtbycompetition.

问题1选项

A.caters

B.fabricates

C.facilitates

D.flees

【答案】A

【解析】句意:最近，这家主要面向蓝领食客的连锁餐厅由于竞争而遭受损失。

考查动词辨析。cater迎合;满足需要；fabricate伪造;facilitate帮助;促进；flee逃跑。根据题干关键词restaurant“餐馆”及blue-collardinner“蓝领用餐者”可知A符合句意。

14.单选题

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利润和金钱是你首先考虑的事情，对人的义务是你最不关心的，那你的教育就失败了。

考查名词辨析。potentiality潜能;可能性;priority优先考虑的事;优先权;superiority优越;优势;responsibility责任;职责;义务。根据句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不关心的事情)可知B项正确。

15.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.由于生产这类产品需要大量的设备和高水平的技术，因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司的合作，使样品尽快转化为商品。

2.二十世纪向二十一世纪的过渡时期，恰好为美国的教育事业提供了一个重温历史，重新对科学承担义务的机会。

3.人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯，虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它有利于减少患癌症的风险。

4.虽然主要是母亲决定了配偶中吸引我们的品质，但却是父亲影响我们如何与异性接触。

5.我们现在必须摆脱头脑中的一个观念，即认为唯有在工作中“晋升”才是获得认可和更高收入的方向。

【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.

2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.

3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.

4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.

5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.

16.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我会考虑到这个地区其他农民和商人对他的评价，然后决定是否批准贷款。

考查短语辨析。takeintoaccount考虑;重视;体谅;accountfor对…负有贵任：对…做出解释;说明…的原因；makeupfor补偿；弥补；makeout辨认出;说明;填写;设法应付。动词短语的宾语是hisreputation(对他的评价)，因此A项符合句意。

17.单选题

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfea