2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号32

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepersandbecauseofthiscanclaimhumanity'slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。A选项的defiance“挑战，挑衅，蔑视”；B选项的documentation“文件”；C选项的maintenance“维持，维修，保养”；D选项的domination“支配，统治”。根据句意‘中国人继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察，可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最漫长悠久、持之以恒的文献记载’确定B选项正确。

2.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.afrail...insecurity

B.avaliant...phobias

C.anambitious...morality

D.aludicrous...laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析题。A选项的frail‘脆弱的，身体虚弱的”；insecurity“不安全，无保障”；B选项的valiant“勇敢的”；phobia“恐惧，厌恶”；C选项的ambitious“有野心的，有强烈欲望的，有抱负的”;morality“道德，品行”;D选项的ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”;laughter“笑，笑声”。根据句意‘人类是一种极为脆弱的生物体，因为掩盖着其恐惧心和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’确定A选项正确。

3.单选题

WhiletheUnitedStateswageditswarondrugs,includingtheimpositionofseverepenaltiesonpeopleconvictedofpossessionofcannabis(marijuanaandhashish),theNetherlandsimplementedapartialdecriminalizationofthepersonaluseofthesesamedrugs.

Beginninginthemid-1970s，Dutchdrugpolicieswerereformedinanattempttolimitthenegativeandstigmatizingeffectsofdruguseonindividualusers.TheDutchdidthisbymakingaclearseparationbetween“hard”drugs—heroin,cocaine,LSD,andamphetamines—and“soft”drugs—marijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Theygavetoplawenforcementprioritytocontrollingtheproduction,importation,andtraffickingofharddrugsandessentiallyignoredthesaleoruseofsmallamountsofcannabis(25gramsorless).Dutchofficialsbelievedthatdecriminalizingcannabis—therebyseparatingthesoftdrugmarketfromthemarketforharderdrugs―wouldreducethelikelihoodthatmarijuanauserswouldcomeintocontactwithheroinandcocaineusers.Thus,youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.

TheDutchdrugpolicieswerealsoaimedatnormalizingthedrugproblem.Thatis,theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand“user-friendly”treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasures.

InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.

TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.However,itmaynotbewisetomakedirectcomparisonsbetweentheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Dutchsocietyisveryhomogeneous;thatis,thereislittleracial,ethnic,class,religious,orsubculturaldiversity,andtheconventionalvaluesandnormsofDutchsocietyarewidelyshared.Americansociety,ontheotherhand,isveryheterogeneous,anditsextensivesubculturaldiversityleadstolessconsensusregardingnormsandvalues.ThemodelusedbytheDutchforregulatingmarijuanamaynotworkaseffectivelyintheUnitedStates.

1.Theword“decriminalization”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Dutchofficialsthoughtthatcannabisusers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorconsiderstheDutchdrugpolicies

（

）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.reductionofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

B.ceasingtotreatsomethingaslegal

C.eliminationofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

D.applicationoflegalsanctionsagainstacrime

问题2选项

A.wereimproperlystigmatizedasdrugaddictsbyotherpeople

B.couldnotpossiblytrafficheroin,cocaineorotherdrugs

C.wouldnotbecomeaddictedtoiteveniftheytakelargeamounts

D.mightcontentthemselveswithitandstayawayfrommoreaddictivedrugs

问题3选项

A.Decriminalizingcannabisusewouldbringmorerevenuetothegovernment.

B.CannabisuseintheNetherlandsisratherprevalent.

C.TheDutchgovernmentbelievedthatcannabiswasnotasharmfulasheroin.

D.TheDutchbelievedthatpunishmentwasn’tapracticalmeanstotacklethedrugproblem.

问题4选项

A.successfulalthoughtherearesomenegativeeffects

B.toolenientintermsofpunishment

C.unreasonableconsideringtheDutchhomogeneoussociety

D.betterthanthoseimplementedintheUnitedStates

问题5选项

A.itisillegaltosellcannabisintheNetherlands

B.marijuanaisavailableinDutchsupermarkets

C.sellingcannabiswithoutofficialpermissionmaybepunished

D.largedosesofmarijuanaincoffeeshopsinAmsterdamarcavailable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义推测题。本题是问“decriminalization”一词在第一段的意思。从上下文可知，荷兰政府区分了致瘾药品和不会成瘾的药品，并将不会成瘾药品的买卖合法化，所以可以推测“decriminalization”词义为“合法化”，C选项‘取消对某事物的刑事处罚’。

2.推理判断题。本题是问荷兰的政府认为大麻使用者如何。由第二段中的“Thus，youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.因此，被尝试大麻的年轻人不太可能涉及更危险的或者成瘾的药物。”，可知D选项‘可能会满足于此，远离更容易上瘾的毒品’正确。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段“theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand‘user-friendly’treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasure.荷兰承认，大麻的使用已经在他们的社会中获得了广泛的立足点，他们认为，通过教育和“人性化”的治疗方案来减少与毒品使用有关的个人和社会危害远比依赖惩罚措施要现实得多”和最后一段“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.荷兰的毒品法已经实施了20多年，对荷兰社会的任何负面影响似乎都不大。”得知，荷兰政府运用人性化的措施且该项法律的副作用是很小的，B选项‘荷兰吸食大麻相当普遍。’，C选项‘荷兰政府认为大麻的危害没有海洛因那么大。’和D选项‘荷兰人认为惩罚并不是解决毒品问题的实际手段。’正确；A选项‘大麻合法化将为政府带来更多的收入。’的叙述错误，符合题意。

4.细节事实题。本题是问作者认为荷兰毒品政策如何。由最后一段中的“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest荷兰的药物法己经成功实施20多年，即便有反作用，但算是很轻微。”可知A选项‘成功，尽管有一些负面影响’正确。

5.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中“InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.在荷兰最大的城市阿姆斯特丹，大约有350家咖啡馆，人们可以在这里购买和使用大麻、大麻和蘑菇。然而，咖啡店是受监管的。其他违禁药品不得销售、使用，商店不得做广告，不得向未满16岁的未成年人出售大麻。违反规定可能会导致罚款和咖啡店的关闭。”可知荷兰对药物销售有明文规定，所以C选项‘未经官方许可出售大麻可能会受到惩罚’正确。

4.翻译题

SamsungissuedanapologytoChineseconsumersonWednesdayafterChina’sstate-runmediacriticizedtheKoreanelectronicsgiantforsellinghandsetswithallegedlyfaultymemorychips.

ThecompanyofferedtoprovidefreerepairsandextendedwarrantiesonsevenmodelsafterabroadcastontheinfluentialChinaCentralTelevisiononTuesdayreportedhowSamsunghandsets,includingtheGalaxySandGalaxyNoteseries,crashseveraltimesadayduetothememorychips.Thereportsaidtheissuecouldberesolvedwitha$100chipupgradethatwasnotcoveredundercurrentwarranties.

InastatementpostedtoSamsung’sChinaWebsite,theelectronicsgiantapologizedfortheinconvenience,whichitblamedon“managementproblems”.Italsopledgedtorepairaffecteddevices,refundsonpreviouslyrepaireddevices,andreplacementhandsetsinsomecases

SamsungisnotthefirsttechcomingtocomeunderCCTVscrutinyforitswarrantypractices.InApril,AppleCEOTimCookissuedanapologyoveritswarrantypoliciesinChinaandpromisedimprovedservices.TheinitialreportclaimedApplerepairedonlybrokenorotherwisefaultypartswithinitsproductsforcustomersinChina,versusprovidingnewreplacementsinothercountries.

Cook’sapologycameduringApple’scontinuingeffortstolandaniPhonedistributiondealwiththeworld’slargestmobilecarrier.SupportfromChinaMobile,whichhasabout745millioncustomers,wouldopenupavastnumberofnewcustomersforApple.

Meanwhile.SamsunghopesitsapologygoesalongwaytowardhelpingitmaintainitsleadpositioninChina’ssmartphonemarket.Thecompanysold30milliondevicesinthecountrylastyearfora17.7percentmarketshare,outpacingthe11percentsharecommandedbyNo.3Apple.

【答案】三星在周三向中国消费者道歉，此前中国官方媒体批评这家作为韩国电子巨头销售据称内存芯片有问题的手机。

周二，在颇具影响力的中央电视台播出的一则报道称，包括GalaxyS和GalaxyNote系列在内的三星手机，由于内存芯片问题导致一天内多次死机之后，三星提出为七款手机提供免费维修服务并延长保修期。

三星并不是第一家因保修问题受到中央电视台审查的科技公司。

之前的报告称，苹果只为中国客户维修其产品中损坏的或其他有缺陷的部件，而在其他国家却对其提供更换手机服务。

与此同时。三星希望其道歉能在很大程度上帮助其保持在中国智能手机市场的领先地位。

5.单选题

Beforesittingfortheentranceexaminationforpostgraduatestudents,manycandidatestrytofamiliarizethemselveswiththeformulaoftheexambydoing（

）tests.

问题1选项

A.simulated

B.imitated

C.stimulated

D.illustrated

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项simulated“模拟的，模仿的，仿造的”，simulatedtest“模拟试题”；B选项imitated“模仿的，仿造的（强调对某物的仿造或对某人的模仿）”；stimulate“受刺激的”；D选项illustrated“有插画的”。根据句意在参加研究所入学考试之前，很多应试者已经通过做很多模拟试题来使自己更熟悉考试了。A选项表示‘模拟试题’正确。

6.单选题

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful（

）foradditionallearningsince,by（

）theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

问题1选项

A.impulse....surpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。A选项的impulse“推动，冲动，刺激”；surpass“优于或超过某人、某物”；B选项的referent“指示物”；recognize“认出，识别，承认”；C选项的inspiration“灵感，鼓舞或激励人的人或事物，好主意”；emulate“与…竞争，模仿，仿效”；D选项的channel“通道，频道，海峡”；mimicking“模仿，仿效”根据句意‘一旦某只小鸭辨认出其父母，这种带有本能性质的纽带便变成一条极有用的进行额外学习的渠道，因为通过模仿其父母，小鸭能进一步获取那些单靠基因遗传所无法传输给它的信息’可知应选D项。

7.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。A选项“阻止，妨碍”；B选项“创始，发起”；C选项“阻止，抑制”；D选项“使（某物）洁净，净化（心灵）”；根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以阻缓食物中腐坏微生物的生长速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐坏作用’确定C选项正确。

8.单选题

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

问题1选项

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引导宾语从句的用法。句意：因为这场叛乱，这位上将在那段时间的所作所为被认定为是独裁。分析句子可知assumed为句子的谓语，后面的部分作宾语从句，而从句中what又作wasdescribed的主语部分，这是what的特殊用法，有双重作用，故选C选项正确。

9.单选题

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

问题1选项

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语词义辨析题。A选项deflectfrom“从……偏斜”；B选项flirtwith“同…调情；不认真考虑”；C选项caterto“迎合…口味；为…服务”；D选项hingeon“取决于……；以……为转移”。根据句意‘你们的《天堂》杂志本应该是一本优秀的期刊，但是现在却来满足完全不同的公众阅读口味，从而导致明显下降的质量。’可知这里表示迎合公众阅读的口味，C选项正确。

10.单选题

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

问题1选项

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】连词词义辨析题。A选项的inthat“因为，由于，既然”；B选项的somuchsothat“到这样程度以至于……，甚至”；C选项的since通常用于现在完成时态，表示“自从……”；D选项的while“当……时候，然而……”。根据句意‘约瑟夫•海勒是个伟大的小说家，震惊了成千上万的领导人，甚至很多美国著名的小说家都臣服于他的才华，情不自禁地赞扬他’确定B选项正确。

11.单选题

Theabilityto（

）themselvesbycamouflageenablessomedefenselessanimalstosurvive.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.conceive

C.deceive

D.disguise

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意‘通过伪装来隐藏自己的能力使得一些没有攻击性的动物存活下来。’可知，这里是指一些动物通过伪装自己而求得生存。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项conceive“怀孕，构思”；C选项deceive“欺骗，行骗”；D选项disguise当动词吋意为“掩饰，隐瞒”；concealoneself意为“潜伏，埋伏”；而disguiseoneself意为“隐藏自己”，更符合语境，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach---instrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

问题2选项

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

问题3选项

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

问题4选项

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题询问在从事艺术创作和自然科学之间的差别。根据原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.极富创意的艺术和极具创意的科学之间的差异来自于自己的目标的差异。对于科学，新理论是创造性行为的目的和归宿。”可知两者之间的差异是在它们的目的不同，A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据最后一段内容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有关贝多芬，人们称他推翻了种种规则，将音乐从传统的令人窒息的范围中解放出来。然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限---从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。可知D选项‘他综合了新旧音乐形式之间的转换’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度创造的艺术活动所创造的，不是一种全新的、超越既已确立之局限的普遍性原则，而是一种美学上的独特之物。由高度创造性的艺术家所创造的美学上的独特事物，以一种富予创新的方式，拓宽或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那种形式本身。”可知，这种科学方面的原始贡献是具有创新性的东西，所以D选项“生成一种新颖的、有根据的概括”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限——即他从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。以及本段中的论点：从另一方面来说，莫扎特的《费加罗的婚礼》无疑属于音乐的典范之作，虽然其朴素的创新仅限于将既存的创作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了从这些前辈继承而来的各种规则和传统，因此A选项“通过同样的方法，这些模板作曲家成功地建立了音乐的规则”符合题意。

13.单选题

Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.

Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.

Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.

Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.

Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.

Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.

Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.

BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.

Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.

AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.

Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.

1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat

（

）.

4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul

（

）.

5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.

B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.

C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.

D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.

问题2选项

A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.

B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.

C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.

D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.

问题3选项

A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.

B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.

C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.

D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.

问题4选项

A.guidebooksareveryuseful.

B.aprofessionalguideisamust.

C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.

D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.

问题5选项

A.religiousprayers.

B.historicalbuildings.

C.local-stylemarkets.

D.shoppingmallboutiques.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题是问这对夫妻选择伊斯坦布尔作为它们的度假目的地的主要原因。从第一段内容与第二段开头“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我们把这次旅行想象成更多异国情调之旅的前奏，也许今年晚些时候会去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道这家人打算选择一个较为陌生但又与家较近的地方作为旅游目的地。C选项‘这个城市介于熟悉和陌生之间’正确。

2.细节事实题。本题是问选项中哪一项叙述是错误的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我们发现旅游区非常安全，非常有趣，而且种类繁多，甚至适合我们的儿子。”一句可知当他们到达伊斯坦布尔旅行之后才发现这里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一样的，所以A选项“这家人发现这个城市和他们设想中的是一样的”错误，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。本题是问我们可以从这对夫妻的购物经历中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.对于我们两个人来说，他们的购物经验包括百货公司和购物中心的精品店，当你发现你可以讨价还价的时候，你可能会以一件东西的价格买到两件东西，这让我很惊讶。”一句可知D选项‘在自己国内的购物习惯更倾向于选择流行时尚和知名品牌’正确。

4.推理判断题。本题是问最后两段内容表明在伊斯坦布尔游览名胜的情况…。由文章倒数第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.没有导游，所以只能自己动手，用我们的导游手册，这让我们错过了很多专业导游能提供的有趣的历史和轶事。”B选项‘专业的指南是必不可少的’正确。

5.推理判断题。本题是问在伊斯坦布尔，除…外，这家人在伊斯坦布尔见过或参观过以下所有地方。综合上下文，A选项在倒数第四段提及，B,C选项在第六，七段提及，而从文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.对于我们两个人来说，他们的购物经验包括百货公司和购物中心的精品店，当你发现你可以讨价还价的时候，你可能会以一件东西的价格买到两件东西，这让我很惊讶。”确定shoppingmallboutiques是这家人在国内的购物点，而不是在伊斯坦布尔，所以符合题意，D选项正确。

14.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项facilitates“促进，帮助，使容易”；B选项initiates“开始，创始，发起，倡议”；C选项inhibits“抑制，约束”；D选项purifies“净化，使纯净”。根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以放缓食物中腐败微生物的生长速度，正如以极为相同的方式，在巴氏灭菌法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐败作用。’C选项正确。

15.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

问题1选项

A.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthelowtemperatures

【答案】D

【解析】省略句的用法。根据句子前部分的结构可知题目强调的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分，根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温。’可知D选项正确。

16.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldof